Speeds of Sound and Isentropic Compressibilities for Binary Mixtures of a Cyclic Diether with a Cyclic Compound at Three Temperatures

Speeds of sound of the binary mixtures of 1,3-dioxolane (or 1,4-dioxane) + cyclopentane (or cyclohexane, or benzene) have been measured at 283.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K. The excess isentropic compressibilities were calculated from experimental data and fitted with a Redlich-Kister polynomial function. Results were analyzed taking into account molecular interactions and structural effects in the mixtures and were compared with literature data. Isentropic compressibilities have been estimated at 298.15 K using the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory     

Excess Molar Isentropic Compressibilities,Excess Molar Volumes,and Excess Sound Speeds of the 1-Propanol + Diethyl Ether + 1-Octanol Ternary Mixture and Constituent Binary Mixtures at 298.15 K

The sound speeds and densities of the 1-propanol + diethyl ether + 1-octanol ternary mixture and constituent binary mixtures, 1-propanol + diethyl ether, 1-propanol + 1-octanol, and diethyl ether + 1-octanol, have been measured at 298.15 K as a function of composition. Isentropic compressibilities, molar isentropic compressibilities, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, excess molar volumes, and excess sound speeds have been calculated from the experimental density and sound speed data. Excess molar volumes, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, and excess sound speeds of the binary mixtures were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. By using the free length theory (FLT), Schaaff’s collision factor theory (CFT), Nomoto’s relation (NR), Van Deal’s ideal mixing relation (IMR), and Junjie’s relation (JR), sound-speed values of the investigated mixtures were calculated. These values were compared with the experimental sound-speed results.     

Adiabatic compressibility of solid gases

Adiabatic compressibilities of solidCO (20–67 K) and NH₃ and ND₃ (90–190 K) have been determined with an ultrasonic method. The temperature dependence of adiabatic compressibility is discussed for two groups of molecular crystals: solid inert gases (Ar, Kr, Xe, Ne) and a number of simple molecular crystals with nonspherical particles (CO, CO₂, NH₃, ND₃). The effect of orientational disordering processes on molecular crystal compressibilities has been considered.     

Thermophysical Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate+Di-Ethers (Ethyl, Isopropyl, and Butyl) at 298.15 and 308.15 K

Experimental data for the densities, dynamic viscosities, sound speeds, and relative permittivities and for three binary systems of methyl methacrylate (MMA)+di-ethers (ethyl, isopropyl, and butyl) at 298.15 and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure are reported. The mixture viscosities are correlated by Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations over the complete composition range. The sound speeds for the mixtures are also calculated by using free length and collision factor theories, and Nomoto and Junjie equations. From the measured primary properties, deviation functions such as deviations in viscosities, sound speeds, relative permittivities, molar polarizations, excess isentropic compressibilities, and molar electrical susceptibilities were calculated, and the compositional dependence of each of the functions was expressed with a Redlich–Kister type equation. The variation of the Kirkwood correlation factor was determined over the complete composition range.     

Effect of Molecular Structure on the Thermodynamics of Nitromethane+Butanol Isomers Near the Upper Critical Point

Densities, isentropic compressibilities, and isobaric molar heat capacities were determined over the whole composition range for nitromethane+(2-butanol or isobutanol) at atmospheric pressure and at the temperatures 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K. These results allowed us to obtain isobaric thermal expansivities, isothermal compressibilities, and isochoric molar heat capacities at the temperature 298.15 K. The excess quantities for the given properties were obtained. In addition, liquid–liquid phase separation temperatures were also determined, locating upper critical solution temperatures near the experimental temperatures. The variation of the properties among isomers is discussed. Also, the effect of the nonrandomness of the mixtures expected near the critical point is discussed.     

Viscosities of Binary Mixtures of 2-Bromobutane and 2-Bromo-2-Methylpropane with Isomeric Butanols at 298.15 and 313.15 K

This paper reports viscosity data of the binary mixtures (2-bromobutane or 2-bromo-2-methylpropane) plus an isomer of butanol at temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15 K. Kinematic viscosities have been correlated with the equations of McAllister and Heric, and absolute viscosities with the Grunberg–Nissan equation. Viscosity deviations have been correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister type equation, and they give negative values over the complete composition range at both temperatures.     

Measurement of the compressibility and sound velocity of neon up to 1 GPa

The density of neon has been determined at 298.15 K as a function of pressure from 80 MPa to 1 GPa. The precision of the measurements is 0.03%, while the estimated absolute accuracy is between 0.05 and 0.09%. The sound velocity has been measured between 98 and 298 K with intervals of 25 K and at pressures up to 1 GPa, with an accuracy generally better than 0.06%. The adiabatic compressibility and the ratio of the specific heats are calculated by combining pVT with velocity-of-sound data at 298 K. Several equations of state are fitted to the density data at 298.15 K.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

Speeds of Sound and Isentropic Compressibilities in Binary Mixtures of 2-Propanol with Several 1-Alkanols at 298.15 K

Speeds of sound and densities of 2-propanol +1-propanol, 2-propanol + 1-butanol, 2-propanol + 1-octanol, and 2-propanol + 1-hexanol have been measured over the entire composition range at 298.15 K. Speeds of sound of the binary mixtures have also been estimated from free length theory (FLT), collision factor theory (CFT), and Nomoto’s relation (NR) and have been compared with experimental speeds of sound. The isentropic compressibilities, molar isentropic compressibilities, excess molar isentropic compressibilities, and excess speeds of sound have been calculated from experimental densities and speeds of sound. Excess molar isentropic compressibilities and excess speeds of sound of the binary mixtures were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation     

Densities, Viscosities, Sound Speeds, and Excess Properties of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate with Alkoxyethanols and 1-Alcohols at 298.15 and 308.15 K

The densities, viscosities, and sound speeds were measured for six binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate (MMA)+2-methoxyethanol (ME), +2-ethoxyethanol (EE), +2-butoxyethanol (BE), +1-butanol (1-BuOH), +1-pentanol (1-PeOH), and +1-heptanol (1-HtOH) at 298.15 and 308.15 K. The mixture viscosities were correlated by Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations. The sound speeds were predicted by using free length and collision factor theoretical formulations, and Junjie and Nomoto equations. The excess viscosities and excess isentropic compressibilities were also calculated. A qualitative analysis of both of these functions revealed that structure disruptions are more predominant in MMA+1-alcohol than in MMA+alkoxyethanols mixtures. The estimated relative associations are found to become less in MMA+alcohol mixtures than in pure alcohols. The solvation numbers derived from the isentropic compressibility of the mixtures, considering MMA as a solvent, showed that structure making interactions are also present in MMA + alkoxyethanols in addition to the structure disruptions.     

Isothermal compressibility of solid parahydrogen

The method of the determination of isothermal compressibility of solid parahydrogen on the basis of dielectric constant measurements has been described. The data on isothermal compressibility of solid parahydrogen in the temperature range of 6–14.5°K and at pressures of 0–180 atm have been presented.     

Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of 1-Bromobutane and 1,4-Dibromobutane with Isomeric Butanols at 298.15 and 313.15 K

This paper reports viscosities and viscosity deviations for binary mixtures of 1-bromobutane and 1,4-dibromobutane with an isomer of butanol at temperatures of 298.15 and 313.15K. Absolute viscosities were correlated using the Grunberg–Nissan equation, and kinematic viscosities by the equations of McAllister and Heric. Viscosity deviations were correlated by means of a Redlich–Kister-type equation. Viscosity deviations show negative values at both temperatures over the complete composition range.     

Measurements of the compressibility and sound velocity in methane up to 1 GPa,revisited

New density measurements of methane (CH₄) at 298.15 K up to 1 GPa are reported. The precision of the measurements is 0.03%, while the estimated accuracy is between 0.05 and 0.1%. Velocities of sound have been remeasured between 148.15 and 298.15 K at intervals of 25 K and at pressures up to 1 GPa, with an estimated accuracy of 0.12% at 100 M Pa, 0.10% at 150 MPa, and 0.08% above 150 MPa. Comparisons with experimental results and equations of state of other workers are presented. The isothermal and the adiabatic compressibility and the ratio of specific heats have been calculated at 298.15 K.     

Thermodynamic and transport properties of 1, 2-dichloroethane

(p, V, T) data for dichloroethane (DCE) have been obtained at 278.15, 288.15, 298.15, 313.15, 323.15, and 338.15 K for pressures either slightly below the freezing pressure or up to a maximum of 280 M Pa, together with densities at 0.1 MPa. A high-pressure self-centering falling-body viscometer method has been used to measure shear viscosities at 278.15, 288.15, 298.15, 313.15, and 323.15 K for pressures either slightly below the freezing pressure or up to a maximum of 330 MPa. Self-diffusion coefficients for DCE are reported at 278.15, 288.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K for maximum pressures up to 300 MPa. Isothermal compressibilities, isobaric expansivities, and internal pressures have been evaluated from the volumetric data. The shear viscosities and self-diffusion coefficients have been interpreted in terms of a modified rough hard-spheres theory. The anomalous behavior observed for p-V-T, shear viscosities, and self diffusion at higher temperatures and pressures is suspected to be the result of temperature and pressure altering the population ratio of the two molecular conformers, trans and gauche.     

Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Volumetric Properties of Binary Liquid Mixtures Containing Dihaloalkanes

Densities of ethyl acetate + dibromomethane, + bromochloromethane, + 1,2-dichloroethane, or + 1-bromo-2-chloroethane binary mixtures were measured at 288.15, 298.15, and 308.15 K over the entire composition range. Thermal expansion coefficients and excess molar volumes were calculated. Moreover, densities at 298.15 K at pressures up to 200 bar were determined for the same mixtures. Isothermal compressibilities of the pure liquids and their mixtures were obtained. The excess molar volumes are positive, and the excess isothermal compressibilities are negative for all the studied mixtures.     

Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Binary Mixtures Containing 1,3-Dioxolane

This paper reports density and viscosity measurements for the binary mixtures of cyclopentane or cyclohexane or benzene with 1,3-dioxolane at 283.15, 298.15, and 313.15 K. From the experimental data, excess volumes and excess viscosities were calculated and the results were fitted to a Redlich–Kister-type equation. The results are discussed in terms of molecular interactions. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson and Blomfield–Dewan theories were used to analyze the results at 298.15 K.     

Thermophysical Properties of Nonelectrolyte Mixtures. Densities, Viscosities, and Sound Speeds of Binary Mixtures of Methyl Methacrylate+Branched Alcohols (Propan-2-ol, 2-Methylpropan-1-ol, Butan-2-ol, and 2-Methylpropan-2-ol) at T=298.15 and 308.15 K

Measurements of the densities, viscosities, and sound speeds at T=298.15 and 308.15 K for the binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate+propan-2-ol, +2-methylpropan-1-ol, +butan-2-ol, and +2-methylpropan-2-ol are made over the complete composition range. From the measured data, excess isentropic compressibilities have been calculated. The mixture viscosities have been correlated by the Grunberg–Nissan, McAllister, and Auslander equations, while the sound speed in binary mixtures has been analyzed using free length and collision factor theories, and Junjie and Nomoto equations. The excess isentropic compressibilities, ^E _s are fitted to a third degree polynomial equation. The qualitative analysis of ^E _s have been made in terms of bulk molecular interactions. The conclusions drawn were supplemented by examining the variation of relative association and solvation numbers over the complete composition range.     

Densities,Viscosities, Speeds of Sound,and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of 2-Octanol with Chlorobenzenes

Densities, ρ, viscosities, η, speeds of sound, u, and refractive indices, n _D, of binary liquid mixtures of 2-octanol with 1,2-dichlorobenzene, 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene have been measured over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K, 303.15 K, and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data of the density, speed of sound, viscosity, and refractive index, the values of the excess molar volume, V ^E, deviations in isentropic compressibility, Δκ _S , and deviations in molar refraction, ΔR have been calculated. The calculated excess and deviation functions have been analyzed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects.     

Densities,Viscosities, Speeds of Sound,and Refractive Indices of Binary Mixtures of 1-Decanol with Isomeric Chlorotoluenes

Densities, ρ, viscosities, η, speeds of sound, u, and refractive indices, n _D, of binary liquid mixtures of 1-decanol with o-chlorotoluene, m-chlorotoluene, and p-chlorotoluene have been measured over the entire range of composition at 298.15 K, 303.15 K, and 308.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. From the experimental data of density, speed of sound, viscosity and refractive index, the values of the excess molar volume, V ^E, deviations in isentropic compressibility, Δκ _S , and deviations in molar refraction, ΔR, have been calculated. The calculated excess and deviation functions have been analyzed in terms of molecular interactions and structural effects.     

Ultrasonic speeds and densities of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (viscosity grades 30 and 50×10−4 m · s−1) at 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K under high pressures

The ultrasonic speeds and densities of poly(dimethylsiloxane), viscosity grades 30 and 50×10^–4 m · s^–1 at 298.15 K, were measured at 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15 K. The measurements were carried out using new apparatuses, one for measurement of the speed under pressures up to 200 MPa and another for measurement of the density under pressures up to 100 MPa. The former is constructed with a sing-around technique of the fixed-path type operated at a frequency of 2 MHz, and the latter is a dynamic bellows piezometer. The probable uncertainty in the present results is within ±0.23% for speed and ±0.19% for density for all the experimental conditions. The ultrasonic speed in these fluids at first increases rapidly with pressure and then indicates a mild rise in the highpressure region. Similar pressure effects are observed for the density. The relationship between the speed and the density satisfied a first-order function well. The isentropic compressibility, derived from the speed and density, also showed a large pressure effect. The values and its pressure effects seemed almost independent of the viscosity of poly(dimethylsiloxane).     

Compressibility and sound velocity measurements on N2 up to 1 GPa

A gas expansion technique has been used to determine the pVT properties of N₂ up to 1 GPa at 298.15 K, with an accuracy of 0.08% in density, 1 mK in temperature, and 0.05%+0.2 MPa in pressure. The sound velocity has been measured by a phase-comparison pulse-echo technique between 123 and 298 K at intervals of 25 K and at pressures up to 1 GPa, with an accuracy of better than 0.02% in sound velocity, 10 mK in temperature, and 0.05%+0.2 MPa in pressure. An equation of state is presented that correlates the density data over the wide pressure range of 36–1000 MPa with maximum deviations between the calculated and the experimental densities of less than 0.05%.