顶出法对细编穿剌碳／碳复合材料界面强度的研究

研制了一套表征碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料界面力学性能的单丝顶出测试系统,实现了对碳纤维的单丝顶出测试。利用该仪器测定了不同工艺条件下制备的几组Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料样品的界面粘接性能,研究了界面剪切强度和复合材料拉伸强度之间的关系。     

原位法表征碳／碳复合材料界面性能的研究

用单丝顶出和束顶出法分别测试了细编穿刺碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料不同层次的界面粘结性能，研究了生产工艺对不同层次界面性能的影响，建立了顶出试验的力学模型，并用有限元方法分析了界面上应力的分布情况，对可能的界面破坏模式进行了预测，为最终优化Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的生产工艺提供了依据。     

多向细编碳／碳复合材料界面力学性能测试与表征

本文用自制装置研究了多向细编Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料纤维束性能，分析了工艺过程的影响。同时用界面微脱粘实验技术研究了Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料界面性能，给出了相应的理论模型和界面应力分布，提出了由界面脱粘力，纤维、基体和复合材料性能表征界面剪切强度的方法，为Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料优化设计提供了定量参数。结果表明：织物结构、织物编织工艺以及织物／基体复合对纤维的强度影响很大，降为原始纤维的２０％左右，对模量影响小。不同界面层次，纤维／基体的界面结合情况和界面剪切强度不同，Ｚ向纤维束中纤维／基体结合好，具有最高的结合强度，ＳＥＭ观察证实有大量基体碳在纤维上枝联。     

碳/碳复合基体中间相沥青EI

中间相沥青具有高残碳率、高密度、低的密度变化及易石墨化等优点，是较理想的碳／碳复合材料基体前驱体。本文从Ｃ／Ｃ复合制备工艺的角度，阐述了制备Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料用的中间相的主要特性，其中包括中间相的流动性，在碳化过程中的稳定化、、微观结构以及中间相基Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的界面结构。     

水分在粘接接头界面的扩散系数和动力学

为研究水分在粘接接头界面的扩散行为,采用X射线能谱（EDX）分析方法计算了水分在碳／碳复合材料粘接接头界面的扩散系数和扩散动力学,并比较了水分在不同表面处理方法处理的碳／碳复合材料粘接接头界面的扩散系数和扩散动力学．结果表明,经偶联剂处理的碳／碳复合材料耐久性能要好于化学氧化和砂纸打磨处理,这与剪切强度测试结果相一致．     

化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料性能研究

分析了化学气相沉积碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的刹车力矩和刹车速度的关系曲线及影响因素，结果表明，刹车力矩一刹车速度曲线上的初始力矩峰值随着摩擦界面温度的升高而增大，提高材料的石墨化度、改变刹车盘的结构、降低刹车比压的施加速度都可以降低初始力矩峰值，改善Ｃ／Ｃ材料的摩擦性能．Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料具有良好的自润滑性能，其磨损率仅为１．２×１０－３ｍｍ／次．它们具有较高的机械性能和热物理性能，完全可以满足飞机刹车的要求．     

碳/碳复合材料的生物相容性及生物应用

碳／碳复合材料继承了碳大有的生物相容性，又具有优良的力学性能，在生物医用材料领域有很大的应用前景。本文总结了医用碳碳／复合材料的研究现状，评述了碳／碳复合材料的生物相容性特点，并详细讨论了碳／碳复合材料生物医用所涉及到的模量、界面及表面改性等问题，对碳／碳复合材料的医用前景进行了展望。     

碳／碳复合材料的发展前景

论述了国内外碳／碳复合材料（Ｃ／Ｃ）的优越性、性能、工艺、应用及其前景。     

微结构对碳/碳复合材料界面性能的影响

通过理论模型和界面顶出实验分析了微观结构对碳/碳复合材料界面性能的影响机制。使用高分辨Micro-CT系统获得C/C复合材料界面的微观结构特征,并对界面的微观结构特征进行统计分析,得到界面微观结构尺度分布的概率密度函数。对C/C复合材料的界面层建立力学分析模型,计算获得C/C复合材料界面力学性能,在计算过程中引入界面微观结构的随机性统计分布,获得C/C复合材料界面力学性能的分布规律。设计纤维束顶出实验,测试分析C/C复合材料的界面力学性能。将力学分析模型的计算结果与界面顶出实验获得的实验结果进行对比分析,表明通过模型计算获得的界面性能的均值和离散度与实验获得的结果具有较好的一致性。      

碳／碳复合材料及其在航空上的应用前景

本文分四部分论述了碳／碳（以下称为Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料及其发展形势：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的现状，工艺，性能及应用：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的制造工艺及其发展趋势：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的抗氧化保护涂层；Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料在航空上的应用前景。最后指出：Ｃ／Ｃ复合将逐渐由短期应用走向长期应用，制造工艺将由长时间走向短时间，抗氧化保护涂层将由单纯的表面涂覆走向立体多重涂覆，成本将大大降低，主要应用范围将逐渐由航天技术的结构功能材料发展     

C/C复合材料的界面演化规律

研究了单丝界面和纤维束界面结构在细编穿刺C/C复合材料制备过程中的演化规律以及两种界面剪切强度随着生产周期增加的不同变化趋势.在C/C的制备过程中单丝界面和纤维束界面的形成速度不同,单丝界面优先得到完善,经过四个周期界面剪切强度既可达到最高水平;而束界面剪切强度在六个周期后才达到较高水平.     

Effects of Cure Pressure Induced Voids on the Mechanical Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates

This work aims at designing a set of curing pressure routes to produce laminates with various void contents. The effects of various consolidation pressures resulting in different void contents on mechanical strength of carbon/epoxy laminates have been examined. Characterization of the voids, in terms of void volume fraction, void distribution, size, and shape, was performed by standard test, ultrasonic inspection and metallographic analysis. The interlaminar shear strength was measured by the short-beam method. An empirical model was used to predict the strength vs porosity. The predicted strengths conform well with the experimental data and voids were found to be uniformly distributed throughout the laminate.     

数值模拟碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能

本文根据连续介质理论,采用代表性体积元的方法计算了碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的力学性能。使用有限元软件ABAQUS对代表性体积元模型进行分析,研究了不同碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料弹性模量、屈服强度、泊松比及剪切模量的影响。结果表明碳纳米管体积分数对复合材料力学性能有显著影响,随着碳纳米管体积分数的增加,复合材料的弹性模量、屈服强度及剪切强度都明显提高,泊松比略有下降。     

国产炭纤维CCF300与T300炭纤维复合材料剪切载荷下的失效模式研究

对国产炭纤维与T300炭纤维复合材料层合板在常温干态、常温湿态、高温干态与高温湿态四种环境条件下进行了短梁剪切实验.采用宏观和微观相结合的方法,对其剪切性能、失效模式与损伤机理进行了对比研究.结果表明:界面性能是影响纤维树脂基复合材料剪切性能与失效模式最为重要的因素,而国产炭纤维复合材料在界面性能的控制上还有待改进.因...     

Carbon fibre reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride): Impact of matrix modification on fibre/polymer adhesion

The quality of interfacial interaction is dictated by the surface chemistry of the carbon fibres and the composition of the matrix. The composition of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was modified by the addition of maleic anhydride grafted PVDF. The surface properties of the various matrix formulations were characterised by contact angle and electrokinetic measurements. Carbon fibres were modified by industrial electrochemical oxidation and oxidation in nitric acid, or the use of a traditional epoxy-sizing of industrially oxidised fibres. The surface composition, morphology and wetting behaviour of the carbon fibres was characterised. The interaction between modified PVDF and the carbon fibres was studied by direct contact angle measurements between PVDF melt on single carbon fibres and by single fibre pull-out tests. The best wetting and adhesion behaviour was achieved between PVDF containing 5 ppm grafted maleic anhydride (MAH) and epoxy-sized carbon fibres. The addition of MAH-grafted PVDF to the unmodified PVDF caused the apparent interfacial shear strength to increase by 184%. The apparent interfacial shear strength of this fibre–matrix combination allowed for the utilisation of 100% of the yield tensile strength of PVDF.     

Measurement of the critical aspect ratio and interfacial shear strength in MWNT/polymer composites

This paper presents a bulk composite method for determining the critical aspect ratio and relative interfacial shear stress (ISS) for multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polymer composites. Through a modified pullout test and fragmentation test, it was found that the critical aspect ratio was 300 and decreased by a factor of 3 due to surface modification, and that MWNTs at an angle of greater than 60° to the loading direction failed in bending instead of pulling out of the matrix. Finite element analysis was used to determine the critical bending shear strength and MWNT modulus. The obtained bending shear strength was used in a mechanics model developed to provide bounds for the ISS in the experimental composite system. The calculated ISS for as-received nanotube falls between 4.8 and 13.7 MPa, and for surface treated nanotube falls in the range of 11.1 and 38.3 MPa. These values are consistent with the ISS reported for carbon fiber/polymer composites and also show that the ISS almost triples due to chemical modification of the MWNT surface.     

采用银基活性钎料钎焊碳/碳复合材料

采用银基活性钎料（Ag-Cu-Ti）对二维层间增强型和三维正交增强型C/C复合材料进行了真空钎焊工艺试验，采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了钎焊接头和连接界面的微观组织形貌，测定了各元素的面分布，对钎焊接头进行了室温压缩剪切性能试验和三点弯曲强度试验。结果表明：钎料中的元素Ti向钎料和C/C界面区扩散并富集，生成了含元素C的Ti2Cu化合物相，形成了钎料对C/C基体的良好润湿，可获得组织致密的接头，接头室温三点弯曲强度为：39MPa，抗剪强度为22MPa。     

Surface State of Carbon Fibers Modified by Electrochemical Oxidation

Surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers was modified by electrochemical oxidation. The modification effect on carbon fibers surface was explored using atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that on the modified surface of carbon fibers, the carbon contents decreased by 9.7% and the oxygen and nitrogen contents increased by 53.8% and 7.5 times, respectively. The surface roughness and the hydroxyl and carbonyl contents also increased. The surface orientation index was reduced by 1.5% which decreased tensile strength of carbon fibers by 8.1%, and the microcrystalline dimension also decreased which increased the active sites of carbon fiber surface by 78%. The physical and chemical properties of carbon fibers surface were modified through the electrochemical oxidative method, which improved the cohesiveness between the fibers and resin matrix and increased the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of carbon fibers reinforc     

阳极氧化对高聚物基碳纤维复合材料界面性能的影响

采用阳极氧化法对Ｔ－３００高强度碳纤维和Ｍ－４０高模量碳纤维进行了表面处理。发现该方法能剥除Ｔ－３００碳纤维表面的高涂层，涂覆耐热涂层后可提高Ｔ－３００／聚酰亚胺复合材料界面的抗热氧化性能，并且可使基体改性的珠Ｍ－４０／酚醛环氧复合材料界面强度和冲击强度同时获得提高。     

C/C复合材料再生利用新技术研究

确定了一种碳／碳（简称C／C）复合材料飞机刹车盘再生利用新技术,通过对再生后样品力学性能测试和SEM分析表明其层间剪切强度比未再生前高,层间破坏未发生在粘接面上。研制出了与再生炭盘相匹配的防氧化涂层,实验表明这种涂层具有良好的氧化防护性能。地面动力模拟试验证明这种技术安全可靠,用其再生的炭盘满足飞机使用要求。