电熔氧化镁对镁铬耐火材料致密化的影响

考察了电熔氧化镁加入量对镁铬耐火材料致密化的影响 .讨论了气孔率、体积密度和常温耐压强度与电熔氧化镁加入量之间的关系 .研究结果表明 ,适量的电熔氧化镁能够促进镁铬耐火材料的烧结性能和致密化     

透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强氧化铝基陶瓷材料烧结动力学和烧结机制

研究了透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基陶瓷材料的无压烧结致密化过程,通过绘制lg(ΔL/L0)-lgt图,用最小二乘法计算了透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基陶瓷材料的表观激活能.计算结果表明:纯Al2O3致密化机制为扩散机制控制;透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基陶瓷材料在烧结初期的致密化机制为液相流动和颗粒重排,在中、后期致密化机制转为扩散机制控制.根据烧结温度和保温时间对复合材料线收缩率的影响,建立了透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基陶瓷材料的烧结动力学方程;纯Al2O3陶瓷材料的烧结特征指数n约为2.5,其烧结过程中的物质迁移机制由体扩散控制;透辉石/AlTiB增韧补强Al2O3基陶瓷材料的烧结特征指数n值介于2.5与3.0之间,其在烧结中、后期的物质迁移机制既有体扩散,也有晶界扩散.     

Ni、Cu-Al2O3纳米金属陶瓷粉末的热压

将化学电镀法制备的纳米Ni、Cu包覆Al2O3粉末进行热压。研究了金属Ni、Cu及其含量对Al2O3粉末的烧结致密化、显微组织和性能的影响。在纳米Al2O3粉末表面镀覆适当的金属Ni、Cu可以较有效地提高致密化，降低烧结温度。金属相作为第二相可以大大细化Al2O3晶粒组织。但Ni、Cu的加入伴随着Al2O3硬度和强度下降。硬度变化可以由金属Ni、Cu是软相较好地解释。强度下降则主要归因于包覆粉末中Ni、Cu对Al2O3粉末的润湿性不好所致。     

金属铬粉对镁铬耐火材料理化性能的影响

为了研究金属铬粉对镁铬耐火材料各理化性能的影响,以镁砂、铬铁矿、金属铬粉为原料,羧甲基纤维素钠为结合剂,经压制并在1 600 ℃下保温3 h烧制成镁铬耐火试样,系统研究金属铬粉的添加量(加入量分别为0 %、0.3 %、0.5 %、1 %、1.5 %)对镁铬耐火材料气孔率、抗折强度、耐压强度和抗热震性的影响.结果表明,添加0.3 %的金属铬粉可明显降低试样的气孔率,使试样致密烧结,强度也显著提高,但对抗热震性影响不明显;随着金属铬粉添加量的增多,各理化性能逐渐恶化,添加1.5 %金属铬粉的试样强度明显降低,气孔率升高且气孔孔径明显变大,这是因为金属铬粉发生氧化反应产生严重的膨胀.为了提高镁铬耐火材料的理化性能,金属铬粉的添加量应在0.3 %左右.      

Al2O3/AlTiC/ZrO2/透辉石陶瓷材料的力学性能及微观结构

将金属Al、Al3Ti和TiC以AlTiC中间合金的形式以及ZrO2颗粒共同引入Al2O3基体材料中,热压制备了Al2O3/TiC/ZrO2/AlN复合材料.在此基础上,添加(体积分数)1%透辉石作为烧结助剂,以实现复合材料的液相烧结并促进其致密化程度.复合材料在烧结过程中有新相AlN生成;同时Al、TiC以及Al3Ti释放的Ti原子发生原子重组生成Al2Ti4C.对热压后材料的硬度、断裂韧度和抗弯强度进行了测试和分析;探讨了透辉石对材料致密化程度及力学性能的影响效果;研究了复合材料断面断裂方式的变化对其力学性能的影响;并对AlTiC中间合金的细化特性进行了分析.     

活化元素Ni对Mo-Cu合金性能的影响

采用机械活化法制粉、低温烧结和致密化处理工艺，制备了活化元素Ni含量不同的Mo-Cu合金。通过金相组织观察，以及对密度、电阻率、热导率和热膨胀系数测试，研究了Ni的质量分数w（Ni）对Mo-Cu合金的致密性、膨胀系数、导热和导电性能的影响。结果表明：Ni的添加将使Mo-Cu合金的烧结致密化温度降低；Mo-Cu合金热膨胀系数的变化与Al2O3陶瓷的相应变化很接近，但导电和导热性能较差。其显微组织为细小均匀的网络结构，是一种与Al2O3陶瓷很匹配的电子封接材料。     

α-Al2O3在耐火材料中应用性能的研究

通过对添加不同微晶活性α—Al2O3所获得的耐火浇注料之烘干强度和烧结后强度的实验数据对比，可知微晶活性α—Al2O3微粉用于耐火材料的性能优于活性α—Al2O3微粉，其结论同样适用于板状刚玉的生产。     

CeO_2添加剂对Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO耐火材料致密化的影响

由于Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系耐火材料在烧成过程中存在许多对烧结致密化不利的因素,进而影响其相关性能的使用.为此,在1 500～1 600℃条件下制备了Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO复合材料,并研究加入CeO_2添加剂对该系耐火材料烧结致密化的影响.实验结果表明:将CeO_2添加到Al_2O_3-MgO-CaO系耐火材料的较优烧成温度为1 600℃,当CeO_2的添加量(质量分数,下同)分别为4%和6%时,其显气孔率分别降低至3.9%和3.8%,体积密度从未添加时的2.88 g/cm~3分别升高至3.62 g/cm~3和3.68 g/cm~3;同时,通过扫描电镜观察发现添加CeO_2后该系耐火材料显微结构致密化程度较高,从而实现其良好的致密化.     

危废焚烧炉渣对耐火材料侵蚀的试验研究

本研究选取铬刚玉、镁铬刚玉和烧结锆刚玉3种不同材质的耐火砖,在不同酸碱熔渣环境下进行侵蚀试验并探索侵蚀成因。结果表明,酸性熔渣环境下,铬刚玉砖抗侵蚀性能较好,镁铬刚玉砖侵蚀较为严重,烧结锆刚玉砖侵蚀明显;随温度升高、时间延长,铬刚玉砖的抗侵蚀性能最优,镁铬刚玉砖抗侵蚀性能、抗热膨胀性能均较差,烧结锆刚玉砖侵蚀最严重;中性熔渣环境下,铬刚玉砖抗侵蚀性能降低,侵蚀状况略微明显,镁铬刚玉砖侵蚀状况相对较好,液面线上方出现了一定程度的裂缝,烧结锆刚玉砖侵蚀速度较快,液面线处出现明显“凹槽”;碱性熔渣环境下,铬刚玉砖表面被侵蚀恶化明显,镁铬刚玉砖侵蚀状况不明显,烧结锆刚玉砖被侵蚀明显。对侵蚀成因进行分析发现,侵蚀是由焚烧炉渣原渣中含有的Na₂O非晶态矿物、结晶态石英和外加钙质氧化物与耐火材料中化学成分发生反应导致的,侵蚀速度与耐火材料化学成分有关。     

镁铝尖晶石质耐火材料的合成

以MgAl2O4为骨料,MgO和Al2O3为基质料,通过固相烧结法合成了镁铝尖晶石质耐火材料,考察了原料组成、骨料粒度和成型压力对一步烧结法合成镁铝尖晶石烧结性能的影响.结果表明,随着基质料含量的增加和骨料粒度的增大,试样的线变化率和显气孔率逐渐增大;随着成型压力的增加,试样的显气孔率明显减小,线变化率增加.以镁铝尖晶石(粒度＜177μm)为骨料,按镁铝尖晶石,氧化镁,氧化铝的摩尔比为20:40:40配料,在200MPa压力下成型,可以获得显气孔率较低、线变化率适宜的镁铝尖晶石质耐火材料.     

对延长锌浸出渣挥发窑寿命的探讨

介绍了电解锌浸出渣在挥发窑处理过程中对窑使用寿命的影响因素及延长挥发窑寿命的探讨,着重介绍了耐火材料对挥发窑寿命的影响,根据生产实践情况来看,铝镁铬耐火砖在挥发窑上的应用效果最好,并取得很好的经济效益。     

炉外精炼还原型渣对电熔再结合镁铬砖侵蚀的研究

精炼还原期耐火衬遭受的侵蚀相当严重,而且不同的还原剂对其的侵蚀也不相同.采用动态方法,在实验室中研究了还原型精炼渣的组成及其对精炼炉常用的电熔再结合镁铬砖侵蚀的影响,讨论了有利于提高镁铬砖衬寿命的造渣制度.     

Improved densification of carbonyl iron compacts by the addition of fine alumina powders

An investigation of the effect of alumina particles on the sintering behavior of a carbonyl iron powder compact was carried out in this study. Two different-sized alumina, 0.05 and 0.4 μm, were added to the iron compact at amounts up to 1.2 wt pct. When 0.4 μm alumina particles were added, no sintering enhancement was observed. But, in contrast to previous results reported in literature, the addition of 0.1 to 0.2 wt pct of 0.05 μm alumina particles was found to improve the densification. With 0.1 wt pct, the sintered density increased from 7.25 to 7.40 g/cm³ after the compact was sintered at 1350 °C for 1 hour in hydrogen. Dilatometric curves showed that alumina impeded the early-stage sintering of iron in the α phase, but improved densification in the γ phase at high temperatures. These results, along with microstructural analysis, suggested that alumina particles exhibit dual roles; their physical presence blocks the diffusion of iron atoms, thus causing inhibition of sintering, while their grainboundary pinning effect prevents exaggerated grain growth of iron and helps densification. It follows that, depending upon the amount and size of the alumina powders, either an increase or decrease in the final sintered density can be obtained.     

添加轻烧氧化镁对镁铝尖晶石轻质耐火材料烧结性能的影响

以工业氧化铝和重烧氧化镁为原料,通过添加轻烧氧化镁微粉的方法,合成了镁铝尖晶石轻质耐火材料,考察了添加轻烧氧化镁微粉对一步煅烧法制备的镁铝尖晶石轻质耐火材料烧结性能的影响.研究结果表明,添加轻烧氧化镁微粉对镁铝尖晶石的烧结具有明显的促进作用,烧结温度越高越有利于镁铝尖晶石的合成.     

Characterisation of sintering of alumina matrix–stainless steel dispersion composite and interaction between chromium,carbon and alumina during powder metallurgy process

Abstract

This paper aims to study the sintering of 316L stainless steel and alumina composites. Compositions range from 0 to 100 vol.-% steel, and the experimental procedures involve density and microstructure analysis of the samples, as well as dilatometric measurements. In this study, it is shown that reducing atmosphere debinding can lead to carbon residues. These have a negative effect on alumina densification by delaying the sintering onset. For metal–ceramic composites, densification is modified by a complex interaction involving carbon (which lowers alumina density), chromium oxide (which is documented in literature to diminish alumina densification) and stainless steel phase. Chromium carbide formation is possible for some experimental conditions (1–30% stainless steel and hydrogenated argon debinding); this mechanism, locking both carbon and chromium outside alumina phase, leads to higher sintered densities.     

纳米技术在镁质耐火材料中应用的研究进展

利用纳米技术制备复相镁质耐火材料,不仅可以缓解高温工业对高性能镁质材料的需求,而且又能实现镁质耐火材料的轻质化和多功能化,进而达到提高产品附加值的目的。因此,利用纳米技术制备复相镁质耐火材料具有较高的研究意义。从镁质耐火材料损毁机制的角度,综述了近年来国内外纳米技术在低碳镁碳质、镁钙质、镁铝质耐火材料中的研究现状和进展,并且分析了纳米技术在镁质耐火材料中的作用机理,最后指出了纳米技术在镁质耐火材料中应用所面临的挑战和发展方向。      

Effect of conventional and microwave sintering on the properties of yttria alumina garnet-dispersed austenitic stainless steel

The current study examines the effect of heating mode, temperature, and varying yttria alumina garnet (YAG) addition (5 and 10 wt pct) on the densification and properties of austenitic (316L) stainless steel. The straight 316L stainless steel and 316L-YAG composites were heated in a radiatively heated (conventional) and 2.45 GHz microwave sintering furnace. The compacts were consolidated through solid state as well as supersolidus sintering at 1200 °C and 1400 °C, respectively. Both 316L and 316L-YAG compacts couple with microwaves and heat to the sintering temperature rapidly (∼45 °C/min). The overall processing time was reduced by about 90 pct through microwave sintering. As compared to conventional sintering, compacts sintered in microwaves exhibit higher densification and finer microstructure but no corresponding improvement in mechanical properties and wear resistance. This has been correlated to elongated, irregular pore structure in microwave-sintered compacts.     

Comparison of Ferrous Calcium Silicate Slag and Calcium Ferrite Slag Interactions with Magnesia-Chrome Refractories

The cost of maintaining and eventually replacing refractories as a result of slag attack is a significant cost component in the copper industry. Converting matte to blister copper takes place in reactors lined with direct-bonded magnesia-chrome refractories, and several continuous converting operations use calcium ferrite slag. Unfortunately, the low viscosity of calcium ferrite slag makes it aggressive toward the refractories. Ferrous calcium silicate (FCS) slag has been proposed as a replacement; however, the effect of this slag on magnesia-chrome refractories has not been studied. In this work, the interactions between FCS slag and magnesia-chrome refractory at 1573 K (1300 °C) with an oxygen partial pressure of 10⁻⁶ atm were studied and compared with that experienced with calcium ferrite slag under the same conditions. Both slags penetrated the pores in the refractory and caused compositional change in the chromite spinel intergranular bonding phase through cation interdiffusion, which resulted in cracking and debonding of periclase grains. It was observed that the refractory was penetrated much more deeply by calcium ferrite slag than FCS slag because of the higher surface tension and lower viscosity of calcium ferrite slag. As a result, the refractory was attacked less by FCS slag than it was by calcium ferrite slag. It is concluded that the use of FCS slag in continuous copper converting is likely to extend refractory life.