一种线性的接地网故障诊断新方法

提出了一种采用参数识别法将接地网等效为电阻网络进行故障诊断的方法。根据接地网可及节点的分布位置将其约简为本征网络。采用建议量测方案,根据特勒根定理建立线形方程组直接求解本征网络的支路电阻,在此基础上通过逐层上溯的方法精确获取可以约简为该本征网络的接地网支路电阻信息,达到接地网故障诊断的目的。采用数值法对给定接地网在已知可及节点位置条件下各条支路诊断结果的可靠性分析,给出了接地网各支路诊断结果可靠性判断的通用方法。以一个中规模的36节点实验接地网验证了所提出方法的可行性。     

发电厂、变电站接地网故障诊断研究

应用电网络理论和矩阵理论,以灵敏度矩阵的形式建立了故障诊断方程。然后采用多激励法显著增加了独立方程的个数,有效解决了故障诊断方程的欠定问题。通过微量处理法和采用迭代的方法,可用线性方程来逐步逼近非线性方程,从而应用最小二乘法求解。经仿真计算和模拟实验表明,该方法简单、可行,可用于接地网的故障诊断。     

发电厂、变电站接地网故障诊断研究

应用电网络理论和矩阵理论,以灵敏度矩阵的形式建立了故障诊断方程.然后采用多激励法显著增加了独立方程的个数,有效解决了故障诊断方程的欠定问题.通过微量处理法和采用迭代的方法,可用线性方程来逐步逼近非线性方程,从而应用最小二乘法求解.经仿真计算和模拟实验表明,该方法简单、可行,可用于接地网的故障诊断.     

大型变电站接地网的优化设计

为使地表面的电位均匀分布,在不等电位模型的基础上,建立最大和最小接触电压差值最小的目标函数,使用变度量法用数值计算分析得到了均匀土壤时最优压缩比的计算公式。据此可安全、经济地设计不同面积的接地网,确定合理的导体根数,使其散流电流更均匀,并显著减少接地网的最大接地触电压。     

电力系统接地网故障诊断

本文对电力系统发、变电站接地网故障诊断进行了研究,应用电网络理论和矩阵理论建立故障诊断方程,将能量最低原理、优化技术等有效地应用于接地网故障诊断,结合多激励法,从而有效地解决了欠定方程的求解问题,同时通过算例分析验证了该方法的正确性、可行性及实用性;讨论了可及节点数量变化对诊断结果的影响。     

一种基于分层约简模型的含接地引下线的接地网故障诊断方法

为了对接地网水平支路导体和接地引下线的腐蚀情况进行诊断,提出了一种新颖的故障诊断方法。建立了接地网的分层约简模型并得到所有节点都可及的本征接地网。采用蒙特卡罗方法分析了接地网的可测性,将支路分为电阻可以唯一确定的明晰支路和电阻不能唯一确定的不确定支路两类。建议了一种判断测试充分性的方法,指出在充分测试条件下,本征接地网中所有支路的电阻都可以唯一确定。分析了接地引下线电阻对接地网故障诊断的影响,提出了一种根据本征接地网支路电阻的诊断结果对接地引下线进行腐蚀故障诊断的方法,并指出所有接地引下线的电阻都可以唯一确定。在一个60支路的实验接地网上进行了实验验证,接地网明晰支路电阻和接地引下线电阻的最大相对诊断误差分别为4.86%和8.43%,表明所提出的方法是可行的,并且可以较好地诊断出接地网明晰支路和接地引下线的腐蚀状况。     

基于禁忌搜索的接地网故障诊断

为了诊断接地网腐蚀情况,提出了一种基于禁忌搜索算法的接地网故障诊断方法。采用轮换激励位置和每处激励多处测量的方法,使可及节点得到更充分利用,观测信息显著增加。以可及节点间测量电压与估计电压偏差的平方和最小为适配值函数,以各个支路电阻的原始设计值为初始解,以支路电阻为禁忌对象,对各支路分别以某个确定步长增加和减少支路电阻的策略进行邻域搜索,并运用全局形式的藐视准则。对一个60支路的实验接地网分别选择15处以10A直流电流源进行激励,分别测量89处电压,运用提出的方法进行数据分析和故障诊断。结果表明,提出的方法可行,且具有对测量误差敏感性低的特点。     

接地网的分块模型及分块故障诊断

为了便于接地网故障诊断,建立了接地网的分块模型,定义了块及其原形、不确定支路组及其原形、块的投影和节点分区等概念;在此基础上,提出了一种基于分块模型的分块故障诊断方法,根据接地网中拟需诊断的支路分布确定接地网中参与诊断的块及其投影和分区;基于面向各个节点分区的测试数据,采用线性最小二乘法求解出各个块内的本征支路电阻,确...     

基于模拟退火遗传算法的接地网故障磁场诊断方法研究

提出了一种基于磁场的接地网故障诊断方法。通过对接地网施加异频电流激励,测量接地网上方地表一个方向的磁场。根据电网络理论和毕奥沙伐定理建立了支路电阻和地表磁场的函数关系,并利用此函数关系和最小二乘法建立了以支路电阻为变量的最小二乘优化模型。为了避免初值选取对优化模型收敛性的影响,采用了模拟退火遗传算法(SAGA)对模型进行求解。通过仿真计算实验表明了该方法的可行性。     

基于最小二乘QR分解算法的接地网磁场重构方法及应用

现有研究中基于磁场法的接地网故障诊断需要测量大量的磁场数据,这增加了测量成本。由此提出了一种磁场重构的方法,以减少测量工作量。首先对基于磁场重构方法进行接地网故障诊断的原理进行了详细分析,建立了磁场重构方程组。由于建立的重构方程组为病态方程组,因此,采用最小二乘QR(LSQR)分解算法进行求解,并与共轭梯度(CG)算法进行对比。然后通过仿真验证了该方法的可行性,最后通过实验验证了方法的可靠性。仿真和试验结果表明:通过较少的测量节点(至少等于接地网节点个数)就可以重构出接地网上方地表磁场,并且在数据含有一定测量误差的情况下,基于LSQR的磁场重构结果仍与实际磁场分布较好吻合,因此能够通过重构出的磁场进行接地网腐蚀断裂等问题的诊断。     

Efficient reduction of fault current through the grounding grid ofsubstation supplied by cable line

The paper presents an analytical procedure suitable for the determination of the part of the ground fault current emanating from the substation grounding grid in the conditions when a particular measure has been taken to reduce it. The practical realization of this measure can be simply described as burying one bare copper wire of a certain length in the same trench as the cable feeding line. In the case of an overhead feeding line, the similar measure is denoted in the expert literature as the “counterpoise”. The presented method enables a quick and, for practical purposes, sufficiently accurate evaluation of the copper wire length providing the maximum possible reduction of the substation grid current. The conveniences of the method result from the simplicity of the formulae for the determination of the realized grid current reduction at the effective copper wire length     

A method for fault diagnosis in linear electronic circuits

A method for fault location and parameter identification in linear AC and DC circuits with limited accessible terminals for excitation and measurement is developed in this paper. Fault location is based on a derived relationship having a general meaning. It requires analyses of the circuit with nominal parameters and distinct excitations as well as measurements of some node voltages in the circuit with perturbed parameters. The fault parameter is identified using a formula obtained on the basis of the Woodbury expression. A decomposition technique is suggested enabling us to apply the method for multiple fault diagnosis. Several numerical examples illustrate the proposed approach and show its effectiveness. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multifrequency approach to fault diagnosis

This paper deals with multiple-fault diagnosis for linear analogue circuits. the proposed approach is based on multifrequency measurements of some voltage (transfer function) at the accessible output port and can be used for multiple-fault location. It uses certain algebraic invariant properties of the transfer function with respect to the set of faulty elements. Computationally this approach reduces checking the problem of multiple-fault diagnosis to one of the existence or non-existence of a common solution of two systems of linear equations; this amounts to the finding of the rank of a matrix. These linear equations are derived via symbolic representation of the measured voltage (transfer function) accessible for measurements. A numerical example of the application of such an approach is given.     

基于多源信息融合的电网故障诊断方法研究

考虑到电力系统自动化水平及通信、广域测量技术的发展,提出了一种综合SCADA开关量,故障录波器电气量及WAMS 系统电气量的多源信息融合电网故障诊断方法.该方法将蕴含故障信息的电气量分析与开关量诊断相结合,对电网故障采集的电气量通过小波能量分析提取故障特征,采用蕴含时序贝叶斯网络对保护、断路器开关量进行故障推理,定义了能量畸变故障度、能量故障度、改进RBF神经网络故障度及时序贝叶斯故障度衡量线路故障程度,并作为证据体采用改进D-S证据理论进行信息融合,进而通过模糊C-均值聚类方法给出故障诊断决策.PSCAD仿真及Mat1ab与Java混合编程计算表明,所提出的电网故障辅助诊断新方法相对传统开关量诊断,准确度得到了提高,具有工程实用价值和良好的应用前景.     

A novel fuzzy logic approach to transformer fault diagnosis

Dissolved gas in oil analysis is an well established in-service technique for incipient fault detection in oil-insulated power transformers. A great deal of experience and data in dissolved gas in oil analysis (DGA) is now available within the utilities. Actually, diagnostic interpretations were solely done by human experts using past knowledge and standard techniques such as the ratio method. In this paper, a novel fuzzy logic approach is adopted to develop a computer based intelligent interpretation of transformer faults using Visual basic and C⁺⁺ programming. The proposed fuzzy logic based software as been tested and tuned using over 800 dissolved gas in oil analysis (DGA) case histories. This highly reliable tool has then been utilized in detection and verification of 20 transformer faults. The proposed diagnostic tool is very useful to both expert and novice engineers in DGA result interpretation     

一种容差模拟电路故障诊断的新方法

以故障字典法和模糊理论为基础,针对经典故障字典不能对元件参数故障（软故障）实施诊断以及由于元件容差的影响而难以实现故障精确诊断的问题,以节点电压灵敏度为关键量建立了模糊规则字典和节点电压增量比向量字典,并以此二字典为基础设计了新的诊断系统。使用该系统不但能够诊断电路硬故障,而且还能够诊断每一元件的所有软故障。对于故障元件,在定位的同时还能判断出其参数的改变方向。新的诊断方法有诊断范围宽、测前模拟次数少、占用存储空间小、计算复杂度小的特点。实验结果证明了新方法对含容差模拟电路故障诊断的有效性。     

A formula for resistance of substation grounding grid in two-layersoil

A simple and accurate formula for calculating the resistance of a grounding grid buried in two-layer soil, is proposed in this paper. The formula is derived from the image theory and a novel synthetic asymptote technique. The resulting formula is dependent on both the substation grounding grid design parameters (such as grid size, number of meshes, grid-conductor diameter, grid depth, etc.) and the soil parameters (such as the resistivities of the upper and lower soils). The resistances calculated using the proposed formula are compared to the resistances obtained from a detailed numerical method and the agreement between the results is very good     

A new approach for automatic fault diagnosis in analogue circuits

In this paper the problem of fault diagnosis in analogue circuits is addressed by a method which can be regarded as an artificial intelligence approach. the topology of the circuit under test along with the nominal element values, the necessary element models and their possible failure modes are the basic tools used in the procedure. Fault location is accomplished using appropriate DC node voltage measurements under certain DC excitations on the nominal circuit and the faulty one. the detection of signal faults which have DC effects is the goal of the method; cases of faults with non-DC effects are also examined. Demonstrative examples are given to show the applicability of the method on passive and active analogue circuits.     

基于DUFFING阵子的接地网故障诊断弱信号幅值检测新方法

为检测接地网故障诊断中的微弱信号,本文基于混沌Duffing振子和改进型FFT算法,提出了一种可用于接地网故障诊断中微弱信号幅值测量的新方法。首先将含噪声的待测信号加入Duffing系统,依据大周期工作状态下Duffing系统具有优良的噪声免疫特性,在此基础上采用改进的FFT算法计算Duffing系统的输出信号幅值,然后根据系统输入输出之间的关系确定微弱方波（输入信号）的幅值。通过仿真实验,对该方法的测量误差进行了分析。实验结果表明：该方法明显提高了测量精度。