气泡在热液相介质中上升时的传热与传质

本文对气泡在热液相介质中上升时的传热与传质进行了分析,建立了数学模型,并进行了数值解,其结果可以说明气液相界面蒸发的特征。本文还通过实验对理论模型进行了验证。     

多孔介质内部传热传质规律的研究进展

多孔介质中的热质交换理论及其实验研究是一个涉及面广、研究难度大而又颇具工程应用价值的课题。本文对多孔介质内部传热传质规律的研究从理论和实验两方面作了简要的综述及展望,并对一些描述热质传递过程的数学模型及方程作了介绍。     

乙醇溶液液滴降压蒸发过程传热传质特性

针对单个乙醇溶液液滴在降压环境下蒸发的传热传质过程建立了数学模型。模型基于液相的能量守恒和 传质扩散理论,利用经典拓展模型计算液滴的质量蒸发率,并引入活度系数考虑液滴表面的蒸气分压。采用液 滴悬挂法进行实验,分别记录了乙醇溶液液滴和乙酸溶液液滴在降压蒸发过程中的液滴内温度变化。将实验数 据与计算结果对比,验证了模型的有效性。通过模型计算获得了液滴内部温度分布以及浓度分布随时间的变化。 结果表明:快速降压阶段空气流动较快,加之乙醇工质易挥发,液滴表面温度下降迅速,液滴内部温差和乙醇 浓度梯度较大;压力稳定后,空气流速为零,液滴内部温差和乙醇浓度梯度逐渐减小。由于液滴内部的热扩散 速率大于传质扩散系数,内部温度随时间的变化比浓度随时间的变化更快。     

非饱和含湿多孔介质微波冷冻干燥过程传热传质分析

基于升华冷凝模型,对非饱和含湿多孔介质微波冷冻干燥过程作了数值计算．结果表明,干燥过程中不饱和含冰区内的冰饱和度有较大变化．通过与不考虑升华冷凝区相比较,表明升华冷凝区的存在不可忽略．     

非热平衡多孔介质内反应与传热传质耦合过程

采用局部热不平衡假设,对发生强吸热化学反应的多孔介质体系建立了反应与传热、传质耦合问题的数学模型,采用Ergun-Forchheimer-Brinkman方程描述多孔介质中的流体流动.运用交替方向隐式(ADI)方法对模型离散求解,并采用文献中的实验数据对模型进行验证.计算了不同条件下颗粒物料层内气体和固体骨架的温度场、产物气体浓度场以及固体转化率分布,以得到多孔介质体系内固有化学反应时的传热、传质规律.结果表明,不能忽略固体骨架与流体间的温度差.入口渗流速度、入口气体温度以及固体颗粒尺寸是影响系统反应特性的重要参数.研究结果对具有强吸热反应的固定床反应器的设计和运行具有一定的参考作用.     

分形多孔介质传热传质过程的格子Boltzmann模拟

针对自然界中实际多孔介质具有的分形特性和随机性,利用中点替代算法和二值化处理构造统计上具有分形特性的随机多孔介质。分析了所构造的多孔介质盒维数与Hurst指数之间的关系。基于随机分形构造的原理,对二维实际多孔介质图像进行了重构。利用两点相关函数,分析了重构图像的结构相关性,并与实际目标多孔介质的结构特征进行比较。在与解析解对比验证的基础上,将基于二元混合理论的格子Boltzmann模型(LBM)用于模拟多孔介质内流体扩散过程。通过计算不同分形特性的二维多孔介质的有效扩散系数,研究了重构多孔介质的分形维数与有效扩散系数的关系。利用热耦合LBM模型计算多孔介质内传热过程,分析了不同的分形特性对多孔介质蓄热过程的影响。     

分形多孔介质传热传质过程的格子Boltzmann模拟

针对自然界中实际多孔介质具有的分形特性和随机性,利用中点替代算法和二值化处理构造统计上具有分形特性的随机多孔介质。分析了所构造的多孔介质盒维数与Hurst指数之间的关系。基于随机分形构造的原理,对二维实际多孔介质图像进行了重构。利用两点相关函数,分析了重构图像的结构相关性, 并与实际目标多孔介质的结构特征进行比较。在与解析解对比验证的基础上,将基于二元混合理论的格子Boltzmann模型（LBM）用于模拟多孔介质内流体扩散过程。通过计算不同分形特性的二维多孔介质的有效扩散系数,研究了重构多孔介质的分形维数与有效扩散系数的关系。利用热耦合LBM模型计算多孔介质内传热过程,分析了不同的分形特性对多孔介质蓄热过程的影响。     

戊烷液滴群在水中汽化传热的实验研究

采用频闪摄影的实验方法研究直接接触汽化传热过程中戊烷液滴群的行为及与传热系数的关系,在研究的基础上总结了戊烷与水直接接触汽化传热的机理。分析了戊烷进口流量、水温、测试高度对戊烷与水液液界面面积的影响,进一步分析了泡滴上升速度、测试高度、戊烷汽化率对戊烷泡滴传热系数的影响。实验结果表明:随着测试高度和水温的增加,液液传热面积逐渐减小,而戊烷的流量增加使得单位体积的传热面积增加;连续相水的剧烈湍动和液液界面的频繁更新使得传热系数增加;流体的混合强度越大,越有利于减小传热热阻,促进水主体与界面水的传热。     

酒精液滴在蔗糖溶液中汽化冷却传热及其结晶过程

在一汽升式循环管中于减压条件下研究了冷剂酒精在高粘度高浓度的蔗糖水溶液中直接接触汽化传热过程，讨论了冷剂流量，冷剂进口温度和蔗糖溶液的粘度和浓度等操作条件对体积传热量的影响。实验结果表明：冷剂流量Ｖｄ＝０．９￣１．９ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，冷剂进口温度为４５￣６０℃时，传热效果较好，在此基础上初步探讨了酒精汽化冷却法制取蔗糖晶核的过程，利用显微照相技术分析了晶核的外观特性。     

离心流化床干燥过程中传热传质的数值模拟

通过对典型的多孔湿物料在离心流化床中干燥过程的理论分析和实验研究 ,首次将含湿多孔介质传热传质过程和物料与气流之间的外部传递过程相耦合 ,导出了离心流化床的理论模型和控制方程组 ,对于离心流化床中湿物料的干燥过程引进了数值模拟 ,结果表明增加气体表观流速、控制入口气体的温度和相对湿度以及加大床体转速均对干燥有不同的影响     

磁性液滴在液体中的运动及接触传热

对磁性液滴在不互溶液体中的运动和接触传热特性进行了实验研究和理论分析，建立了磁性液滴在不互溶液体中运动的数学模型和传热关联式。实验结果表明，外加磁场对磁性液滴的流动和传热具有显著的强化作用。     

Developing an Application Analytical Solution of Adiabatic Heat and Mass Transfer Processes in a Liquid Desiccant Dehumidifier/Regenerator

An analytical solution of simultaneous heat and mass transfer processes in a packed bed liquid desiccant dehumidifier/regenerator is developed. Various dimensionless parameters and reliable assumptions are used in order to develop this solution. The outlet parameters predicted with the analytical solution show very good agreement with the experimental data available in the literature. The results show that using a Lewis number value of Le = 1.1 instead of Le = 1 gives a better prediction of the performance of the dehumidifier. In addition, the use of Le = 0.9 instead of Le = 1 can give a better prediction of the outlet parameters of the regenerator. The benefits of the present solution are its simplicity and easy application for the simulation of air dehumidification and liquid desiccant regeneration processes.     

Study of Single Phase Flow Heat Transfer and Friction Pressure Drop in a Spiral Internally Ribbed Tube

The experimental results of single‐phase flow heat transfer and pressure drop experiments in the turbulent flow regime in a spirally ribbed tube and a smooth tube are presented in this paper. The ribbed tube has an outside diameter of 22 mm and an inside diameter of 11 mm (an equivalent inside diameter of 11.6 mm) and the smooth tube has an outside diameter of 19 mm and an inside diameter of 15 mm. Both tubes were uniformly heated by passing an electrical current along the tubes with a heated length of 2500 mm. The working fluids are water and kerosene, respectively. The experimental Reynolds number is in the range of 10⁴–5 · 10⁴ for water and is in the range of 10⁴–2.2 · 10⁴ for kerosene. The experimental results of the ribbed tube are compared with those of the smooth tube. The heat transfer coefficients of the ribbed tube are 1.2–1.6 fold greater than those in the smooth tube and the pressure drop in the ribbed tube is also increased by a factor of 1.4–1.7 as compared with those in the smooth tube for water. The corresponding values for kerosene are 2–2.7 and 1.5–2, respectively. The heat‐transfer enhancement characteristics of the ribbed tube are assessed. This tube is especially suitable for augmenting single‐phase flow heat transfer of kerosene. Correlations for the heat transfer and the pressure drop for the spirally ribbed tube are proposed, according to the experimental data.     

液滴凝并端效应对单液滴传质测定的影响及消除

For the mass transfer to single drops during the stage of steady buoyancy-driven motion, experimental measurement is complicated with the terminal effect of additional mass transfer during drop formation and coalescence at the drop collector. Analysis reveals that consistent operating conditions and experimental procedure are of critical significance for minimizing the terminal effect of drop coalescence on the accuracy of mass transfer The novel design of a totally-closed extraction column is proposed for this purpose, which guarantees that the volumetric rate of drop phase injection is exactly equal to that of withdrawal of drops. Tests in two extraction systems demonstrate that the experimental repeatability is improved greatly and the terminal effect of mass transfer during drop coalescence is brought well under control.     

Heat and Mass Transfer between Air and Liquid Desiccant in Cross‐flow Contact Systems

In this paper, an analytical solution of the coupled heat and mass transfer process in a cross‐flow liquid‐desiccant dehumidifier/regenerator is developed. By the use of reliable assumptions, the government equations for the system are solved by an analytical method. The results of the present analytical solution are compared with experimental data from the literature, and they show good agreement. The maximum error produced by the presented analytical solution is less than 12 %. The effect of the operating parameters is considered using the presented analytical solution. The results show that air inlet humidity, air flow rate, desiccant inlet temperature, and desiccant inlet concentration have more influence on the moisture removal rate in the cross‐flow dehumidifier. Also, air inlet humidity, desiccant inlet temperature, desiccant inlet concentration and desiccant flow rate have more effect on the moisture removal rate in the cross‐flow regenerator. The effect of the Lewis number on the performance of the dehumidifier/regenerator is investigated. As the results show, by the use of Le = 1.08 in the dehumidification process and Le = 0.96 in the regeneration process, instead of the value of unity, better results are obtained. The benefit of the present study is a simplified application for the evaluation of the outlet parameters of the cross‐flow air dehumidifier/regenerator.     

微通道中两相流压降与传质的研究

以氮气和水为实验体系,采用均质混合模型,研究微混合器的微通道中两相流通过微通道的压降,并测定了两相流的传质系数.结果表明,微通道当量直径为95.2 μm,气体速率为1.089～4.355 m/s,液体速率为0.006 41～0.170 90 m/s的条件下,均质混合模型计算压降值与实测值吻合良好.气速为1.633～3.484 m/s,液速为0.025 6 m/s时,随着气速增加,传质系数呈递增的趋势.气速为1.633～3.484 m/s,液速为0.019 2 m/s时,随着气速增加,传质系数先增加后降低然后再增加.传质系数对液速变化更为敏感.     

Free Heat and Mass Transfer in a Porous Enclosure with Side Vents

Free heat and mass transfer during drying in a porous enclosure with free vents has been investigated numerically. Enclosed moist air interacts with the surrounding air through freely vented ports situated on both sides perpendicular to the heated wall. Air, heat, and moisture transport structures are visualized respectively by streamlines, heat lines, and mass lines. Effects of thermal Rayleigh number, Darcy number, vent location, and enclosure inclination on the convective heat/moisture transfer rate and volume flow rate across this enclosure are discussed. For each case, partially enclosed fluid flow undergoes different phases, increasing with buoyancy ratio; that is, heat transfer–driven flow, heat- and moisture-aided flow, and moisture transfer–dominated flow. Numerical results demonstrate that the convective heat and moisture transport patterns and transport rates greatly depend on thermal Rayleigh number, properties of porous medium, and enclosure inclination. Practices for enhancing heat and moisture transfer have been suggested for drying processes.