电流密度对脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

通过脉冲电镀技术在Q235钢基体上制备出Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。研究了电流密度对镀层表面形貌、成分、沉积速率及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随着电流密度的增大,沉积速率先增大再减小;镀层中锰含量升高,锌、镍含量降低。随电流密度增加,该镀层随耐蚀性先增强后减弱。电流密度为3.0 A·dm~(-2)时,所得Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层平整致密,耐蚀性最好。Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性比在5.0%NaOH溶液中更好。     

Ni-P-TiO_2复合镀层的制备及其性能

通过向Ni-P镀液中添加TiO_2溶胶(2～11mL/L)的方法在AZ31B镁合金表面制备了Ni-P-TiO_2复合镀层。用电化学方法评价了复合镀层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为;用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了Ni-P-TiO_2复合镀层的微观形貌和显微组织结构;用维氏硬度仪测试了Ni-PTiO_2复合镀层的显微硬度。结果表明:随着TiO_2溶胶含量的增加,复合镀层组织中菜花状胞状颗粒的尺寸逐渐减小,硬度和耐蚀性均是先增大后减小;当TiO_2含量为8mL/L时,镀层的结构致密,且无明显缺陷和裂纹产生,其显微硬度和耐蚀性均达到最高;Ni-P-TiO_2复合镀层有明显的点蚀电位,说明镀层在腐蚀介质中形成了钝化层,对镁合金起到更好的保护作用。     

文摘辑要

高频脉冲复合电镀（Ni-Co）-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性研究 用高频脉冲复合电镀方法制备了（Ni-Co）-SiC复合镀层。研究了脉冲频率对镀层硬度及耐蚀性的影响。结果表明：随着脉冲频率的增加,复合镀层表面更加致密、均匀,硬度提高。在3.5%NaCl溶液和15%H2SO4溶液中,（Ni—Co）-SiC复合镀层的自腐蚀电位均发生正移,腐蚀失重速率变慢。与Ni-Co合金镀层相比,复合镀层具有较高的硬度和耐蚀性。     

电沉积纳米晶Ni-Fe合金在碱性溶液中的腐蚀性能

通过脉冲电沉积的方法制备纳米晶Ni和Ni-Fe镀层,采用浸泡法和电化学的方法研究了镀层在10%NaOH溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:在纳米Ni中加入适量的Fe可以提高其耐蚀性能.Ni-7.72?合金镀层的耐蚀性能高于纳米Ni,而Ni-12.65?合金镀层耐蚀性与纳米Ni的相当.在Ni-Fe合金镀层中,耐蚀性随着铁含量的增加而降低.在10%NaOH溶液中,所有镀层的Tafel曲线上均可观察到钝化区,表现了很好的耐蚀性.     

化学镀Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能

通过极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)电化学实验及均匀腐蚀实验研究了化学镀Ni-Sn-P复合镀层分别在5%H_2SO_4和3.5%NaCl不同腐蚀溶液中的耐腐蚀性,探究了不同Sn颗粒含量对Ni-Sn-P复合镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,当Sn含量为2.0 g/L时,Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的失重最小,其抗腐蚀性能最好。当Sn含量高于2.0 g/L时,镀层失重增大,孔隙率上升,Ni-Sn-P复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能降低。在两种腐蚀溶液中,Ni-Sn-P复合镀层相比于Q235基体和Ni-P镀层具有更正的腐蚀电位,更高的传荷电阻值(R_(ct)),更小的双电层电容值(C_(d1)),更低的失重速率。这说明Ni-Sn-P复合镀层在不同酸性的腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性比Ni-P镀层及基体的显著增强。     

Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层的制备与其耐蚀性

通过电沉积方法制备了Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了SiC含量对该复合镀层结构和性能的影响,采用电化学方法研究了Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明:SiC纳米颗粒能促进镀层晶粒的形核及生长,显著改变镀层的晶体结构,提高镀层的硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性;SiC含量过低对镀层耐磨性提高有限,含量过高又容易导致SiC纳米颗粒团聚,影响其分散性,因此当SiC的质量浓度为6~9g/L时所制备的Ni-W/SiC纳米复合镀层具有最佳的性能。     

占空比对脉冲电镀Ni-Cr-Mo合金镀层的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备Ni-Cr-Mo合金镀层。利用辉光放电光谱仪(GDS)、扫描电镜(SEM)和Tafel曲线考察了占空比对镀层元素含量、沉积速率、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随占空比的增大,镀层镍、钼含量增大,铬含量减小,沉积速率减小;在3.5%Na Cl溶液和6.0%Fe Cl3溶液中,耐蚀性减弱。相比于6.0%Fe Cl3溶液,镀层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中耐蚀性更好。     

Ni-P-纳米TiO2复合镀层的耐蚀性研究

采用全浸泡腐蚀试验，系统研究了Ni—P-纳米TiO2复合镀层在HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、NaOH和NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明，Ni—P-纳米TiO2复合镀层比Ni—P化学镀层具有更优异的耐酸、耐碱、耐盐腐蚀的性能；复合镀层在盐和碱性腐蚀液中的耐蚀性优于酸性腐蚀液；Ni—P一纳米TiO2复合镀层在不同腐蚀液中的腐蚀形态明显不同，复合镀层在NaOH、NaCl和HCl溶液中的腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀型，而在H2SO4和HNO3强氧化性介质中的腐蚀形态则为点蚀穿透型；保持镀层在腐蚀液中的完整性对提高镀层的耐腐蚀性能至关重要。     

高频脉冲电镀镍钴合金耐蚀性的研究

用电化学的方法研究了高频脉冲电镀Ni-Co复合镀层在NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性,结果表明:随着频率的增加,沉积速率提高,沉积层表面更加致密、均匀,在3.5%NaCl溶液中Ni-Co镀层的腐蚀失重明显减小,腐蚀失重速率变慢;高频和直流电铸Ni-Co复合镀层的阳极极化曲线形状相似,随频率增加,自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流降低.可见,高频率对沉积层的细化有重要影响,并使镀层的耐蚀性提高.     

碳纳米管/镍基复合镀层的腐蚀行为

采用复合沉积方法在普通碳钢基底上沉积碳纳米管／镍基复合镀层。用腐蚀实验、电化学方法研究了复合镀层在3．5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能，并讨论了其耐腐蚀机理，对普通碳钢和纯镍镀层也进行了比较研究。结果表明：碳纳米管的加入显著提高了复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能；耐腐蚀的原因在于碳纳米管的复合镀层更加致密，隔离了腐蚀介质，并阻止了蚀坑的增大，同时，碳纳米管促进了镍的纯化，从而提高镀层的耐蚀性。     

Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层的性能研究

分别采用硫酸盐体系和氯化物体系的最佳工艺条件电沉积制备了高铁(Fe mass%>1%)和低铁(Fe mass%<1%)的Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层,并系统测试了不同厚度Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层的耐蚀性、结合力、孔隙率和氢脆性等综合性能,同时与电镀Zn及Zn-Fe合金进行了对比.实验结果表明：Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层的耐蚀性及其它综合性能均优于Zn-Fe合金镀层和Zn镀层.因此,相对于电镀Zn及Zn-Fe合金,电沉积Zn-Fe-SiO2复合镀层技术具有先进性,应用前景良好.     

The effect of SiC particles added in electroless Ni-P plating solution on the properties of composite coatings

To verify the relationship between the properties of composite coatings prepared on Q235 steel and the SiC content of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, systematic experiments with varied SiC contents and surfactants have been conducted. The experimental results indicated the approximate linear relation between the SiC content and the hardness of composite coatings. With the increasing of SiC content, wear resistance increases correspondingly. In particular, the effect of SiC content on the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-SiC composite coatings immersed in different corrosive solutions (i.e. 5% H₂SO₄, 20% NaOH and 3.5% NaCl) is explored, followed by a comparative analysis of the corrosion resistance between Ni-P and Ni-P-SiC coatings. Corrosion test indicates that NaOH solution makes no differences in the corrosion resistance between Ni-P coatings and electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, both being uncorroded. Exposed to NaCl solution, the corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings decreases gradually with the increasing of SiC content in coatings. In H₂SO₄ solution, the corrosion resistance of coatings increases initially and decreases afterwards with the sustained increasing of SiC content in coatings, and the optimized corrosion resistance is obtained at a SiC content of 9.41 wt.%. Finally, a competent electroless Ni-P-SiC composite plating process producing a high wear resistance and sound corrosion resistance of the coatings is obtained.     

Effect of silicate pretreatment, post-sealing and additives on corrosion resistance of phosphated galvanized steel

Sodium silicate （water glass） pretreatment before phosphating, silicate post-sealing after phosphating and adding silicate to a traditional phosphating solution were respectively carried out to obtain the improved phosphate coatings with high corrosion resistance and coverage on hot-dip galvanized（HDG） steel. The corrosion resistance, morphology and chemical composition of the coatings were investigated using neutral salt spray（NSS） tests, scanning electron microscopy（SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy（EDS）. The results show that pretreatment HDG steel with silicate solutions, phosphate coatings with finer crystals and higher coverage are formed and the corrosion resistance is enhanced. Adding silicate to a traditional phosphating solution, the surface morphology of the coatings is nearly unchanged. The corrosion resistance of the coatings is mainly dependent on phosphating time. Phosphating for a longer time （such as 5 min）, the corrosion resistance, increasing with concentration of silicate, is improved significantly. Post-sealing the phosphated HDG steel with silicate solutions, the pores among the zinc phosphate crystals are sealed with the films containing Si, P, O and Zn and the continuous composite coatings are formed. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings, related to the pH value, contents of hydrated gel of silica and Si2O^2- 5 and post-sealing time, is increased markedly. The improved coatings with optimal corrosion resistance are obtained for phosphating 5 min and post-sealing with 5 g/L silicate solution for 10 min.     

氧化物颗粒增强 Ni-W-P / Nb2 O5 复合镀层制备及其耐腐蚀性能

目的对NdFeB磁性材料进行表面防护处理,改善其耐腐蚀性能。方法利用化学镀方法,在NdFeB基体材料表面制备氧化物颗粒增强的晶态和非晶态Ni-W-P/Nb2O5复合镀层,对镀层的组织形貌、元素组成分布及物相进行分析,并通过化学腐蚀失重法对耐腐蚀性能进行测试。结果当镀液中的次亚磷酸钠含量为20 g/L时,形成了晶态镀层;为35 g/L时,形成了非晶态镀层。晶态和非晶态Ni-W-P/Nb2O5镀层均由胞状突起组成,其中弥散分布着共沉积的Nb2O5颗粒。镀层样品的XRD图谱中没有出现与钕铁硼相关的衍射峰。对于制备的晶态和非晶态复合镀层,镀液中Nb2O5质量浓度由5 g/L增加到15 g/L时,化学腐蚀速率明显下降;Nb2O5质量浓度由15 g/L增加到20 g/L时,化学腐蚀速率的下降变得缓慢。结论利用化学镀可以在NdFeB磁性材料表面制备致密的Nb2O5增强Ni-W-P复合镀层,且随着Nb2O5含量的增加,复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能提高。     

碳纳米管复合水性丙烯酸涂层的腐蚀性能研究

目的制备碳纳米管复合水性丙烯酸涂层,探索分析碳纳米管含量对涂层力学和防腐性能的影响规律。方法采用高速球磨方式制备3%,1%,0.5%三种含量(以质量分数计)的碳纳米管复合涂层,对涂层附着力、耐冲击性、耐弯曲性等力学性能进行测试,以电化学阻抗技术来评价碳纳米管复合涂层的防腐性能。结果添加碳纳米管显著提高了涂层的附着力,并且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,附着力上升;其他力学性能,如耐冲击性、耐弯曲性,在不同含量下均保持良好。对改性和未改性的涂层进行了电化学阻抗测试,其中1%的碳纳米管涂层电化学性能最优,在浸泡36 h后,未改性涂层低频区阻抗模值|Z|0.01为2.5×103Ω·cm2,0.5%的碳纳米管涂层为1.1×106Ω·cm2,1%的为1.4×108Ω·cm2,3%的为7×102Ω·cm2。结论由于碳纳米管本身的纳米效应,在较低含量时即可提高涂层的性能,并存在最优含量,超过此含量后性能有所下降。     

镁合金化学镀Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层及腐蚀防护机理研究

目的为提高镁合金化学镀Ni-P合金镀层的腐蚀防护性能。方法在AZ31B镁合金表面,先化学镀Ni-Cu-P,再化学镀Ni-P,制备Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层。研究复合镀层的表面形貌、成分、厚度和腐蚀电流密度随镀液硫酸铜浓度的变化规律,表征1.0 g/L硫酸铜质量浓度下,复合镀层的截面形貌、成分和晶态结构。结合动电位极化曲线和盐雾试验,分析复合镀层的耐蚀性能和腐蚀防护机理。结果复合镀层中的铜含量随硫酸铜浓度的增加而升高,铜对复合镀层的结构和性能影响很大。通过抑制镀层表面胞状物的生长和增加形核点数量,铜的共沉积能够大幅提高复合镀层的致密性。随硫酸铜浓度的增加,样品表面的催化活性下降,镀液稳定性升高,由此导致复合镀层的厚度随硫酸铜浓度的增加而明显下降。硫酸铜质量浓度为1.0 g/L时,复合镀层均匀致密,并具有可钝化性,按照ISO 9227,其耐盐雾腐蚀时间超过180 h。结论化学镀Ni-Cu-P/Ni-P复合镀层能够赋予镁合金表面优异的耐蚀性能,复合镀层所具有的可钝化性和均匀致密的镀层结构,是镀层腐蚀防护性能提升的主要原因。     

钛酸铁钠晶须/FEVE复合涂层的制备及其耐磨防腐性能

目的为提升氟碳涂层的耐磨和防腐性能。方法采用KH550对钛酸铁钠晶须进行改性,并将改性晶须分散于氟碳树脂(FEVE)中,制备钛酸铁钠晶须/FEVE复合涂层。采用红外光谱、接触角、光学显微镜、金相显微镜和扫描电镜等表征方法,分析了改性前后钛酸铁钠晶须的变化及其在树脂中的分散性。采用电化学交流阻抗研究了涂层在模拟海水中的电化学腐蚀行为。采用摩擦磨损试验机研究了涂层的摩擦学性能。结果钛酸铁钠晶须经改性后,接触角由14.5°增大为111°,呈现出优异的疏水性,能够均匀分散于FEVE中。交流阻抗测试结果表明,复合涂层的防护性能随晶须含量的增加呈现先提升后降低的趋势,当晶须质量分数为10%时,复合涂层的电化学阻抗高达1011?·cm2,优于纯氟碳涂层,呈现出优异的耐腐蚀性能。晶须含量过高时,因晶须交联形成网络结构而降低了涂层的防腐性能。钛酸铁钠晶须的添加同时大幅提升了FEVE涂层的耐磨性能,晶须质量分数为5%的复合涂层表现出最优的摩擦学性能,体积磨损量低至0.0164mm3,较纯FEVE涂层提升11.2倍。结论钛酸铁钠晶须/FEVE复合涂层具备优异的耐磨防腐性能,能有效降低实际工况中的涂层损伤,延长涂层的使用寿命。     

SiC颗粒尺寸对镍基复合镀层耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响

在正交实验基础上,对比研究微米SiC(平均粒径1.5 μm)和纳米SiC(平均粒径20 nm)增强复合镍基镀层的摩擦磨损行为和耐腐蚀性能.通过TEM、SEM、EDX和XRD等手段研究颗粒分散状态以及复合镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分及相结构.采用球-盘滑动摩擦磨损试验机研究复合镀层的耐磨性.电化学阻抗谱测量在3.5%的NaCl水溶液中进行.结果表明:微米级颗粒增强复合镀层可以获得更高的表面硬度,两种增强复合镀层具有相似的摩擦磨损行为.电化学阻抗谱分析表明:SiC颗粒的加入可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性,且纳米颗粒复合镀层具有更好的耐蚀性.     

Effect of surfactant on the alumina dispersion and corrosion behavior of electroless Ni?P?Al2O3 composite coatings

Electroless Ni? P? Al₂O₃ composite coatings have been synthesized on mild steel shafts using surfactant cetyltrimethyle ammonium bromide (CTAB) as dispersant. The effects of the surfactant on the alumina dispersion, weight fraction in coatings, and corrosion resistance of the composite coatings under salt spray test were investigated. Results showed that alumina dispersion was improved, whereas weight fraction was decreased, with the increasing concentration of the dispersant CTAB. The corrosion resistance of the composite coatings was found to increase with the increase in CTAB concentration up to a certain optimum of 20 mg/L, beyond which a decreasing trend of corrosion resistance was observed under salt spray test. Compared with Ni? P coating, all the Ni? P? Al₂O₃ composite coatings showed improved corrosion‐resistant properties.     

Effect of particle size and co-deposition technique on hardness and corrosion properties of Ni–Co/SiC composite coatings

Ni–Co/SiC alloy matrix composite coatings were electrodeposited in a modified Watt's bath containing micro and nano sized SiC particles by using conventional electro-co-deposition (CECD) and sediment co-deposition (SCD) techniques. The deposits were characterized using SEM, EDX and XRD analyses, and microhardness and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The maximum incorporation of the SiC micro- and nano-particles was obtained using the SCD technique at deposition current densities of 2 and 3 A/dm², respectively. It was found that in the composite coatings, incorporation of SiC particles improves the microhardness of unalloyed Ni and Ni–Co alloy matrices. The nanocomposite coatings exhibit higher microhardness values than microcomposite ones. The potentiodynamic polarization measurements in 3.5% NaCl solution revealed that the corrosion resistance of the Ni–Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings is much higher than the Ni–Co alloy and Ni–Co/SiC microcomposite coatings. Moreover, corrosion resistance of Ni–Co/SiC nanocomposite coatings deposited by SCD technique is higher than the ones deposited by CECD technique. Corrosion resistance of the studied Ni–Co/SiC composite coatings was considerably affected by Co content, SiC particle size and content. Hardness enhancement was related to the structural features, and corrosion behavior was discussed based on the formation of corrosion micro cells, diminishing the effective metallic area, and increasing and hindering the corrosion paths.