两步交联加工法制备的PS/PE共混物及其力学性能

采用两步交联加工法 ,制备了具有优良综合力学性能的PS/PE共混物。选择 85PS/15PE(质量比 )作为对象 ,研究了PE种类及不同加料方式、过氧化二异丙苯 (DCP)含量、加工温度、喂料速度、螺杆转速和SBS含量对该共混体系力学性能的影响。结果表明 :当PS/PE/SBS(质量比 )为 85 /15 /10 ,DCP用量为PE质量的 0 .3 % ,成核剂二苄基山梨醇 (DBS)的用量为PE质量的 0 .1% ,交联温度和加工温度均设置为 2 2 0℃ ,喂料转速为 2 5r/min ,主机转速为 10 0r/min时 ,共混物的冲击强度、拉抻强度、断裂伸长率分别达到 2 3 0 .7J/m、3 5 .7MPa和 62 .4% ,比PS/LLDPE二元共混物分别提高了172 0 %、5 3 .8%和 10 77%     

ABS/HIPS共混材料的改性研究

研究了(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)与高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)质量比对ABS/HIPS共混材料力学性能和加工流动性的影响,并着重对质量比分别为80/20和70/30的两种ABS/HIPS共混材料进行了改性研究。结果表明,氯化聚乙烯(PE-C)、(苯乙烯/丁二烯/苯乙烯)嵌段共聚物(SBS)和K树脂对ABS/HIPS共混材料有不同程度的增容增韧改性作用。如采用9份PE-C与3份SBS并用改性的ABS/HIPS(70/30)共混材料的拉伸强度为27.04MPa,冲击强度为32.60kJ/m2,比改性前约提高2.7倍。转矩流变仪分析表明,PE-C、SBS和K树脂改性的ABS/HIPS共混材料加工流动性和稳定性良好。维卡软化温度测试表明,改性后ABS/HIPS共混材料的耐热性能略有降低,但影响不大。扫描电子显微镜照片清晰反映出改性后ABS与HIPS两相的相容性得到了改善。     

BR/EVA/HIPS TPV的制备和性能研究

采用苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)改善BR/乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)/高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)共混物的界面相容性,通过动态硫化法制备BR/EVA/HIPS TPV,并对其性能进行研究.结果表明:未加入SBS的BR/EVA/HIPS共混物未表现出橡胶类弹性体特征,而加入适量SBS的共混物表现出典型橡胶类弹性体特征;当SBS用量为8～12份时,BR/EVA/HIPS TPV的综合物理性能较好,拉伸断面平滑,界面相容性良好.     

高剪切应力对ABS/NBR共混物力学性能的影响

研究了较高螺杆转速条件下双螺杆挤出机的机械剪切应力和挤出温度对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/丁腈橡胶（ABS/NBR）共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,双螺杆挤出机的高剪切应力可促进NBR颗粒的分散,提高界面结合力,提高共混物的力学性能。在220 ℃的挤出温度下,当螺杆转速由240 r/min提高至1200 r/min时,ABS/NBR（90/10）共混物的缺口冲击强度由22.1 kJ/m2提高至28.8 kJ/m2,,提高了30 %。双螺杆挤出机的熔融挤出温度对ABS/NBR共混物力学性能的影响存在最佳值。     

SBS/CPE共混物辐射效应研究

研究了不同辐照剂量下苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段聚合物（SBS）／氯化聚乙烯（CPE）共混物的动态流变性能及力学性能。结果表明：随着辐照剂量的增大，共混物的粘流活化能降低，温度敏感性减弱；共混物拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降，凝胶含量增加。     

POE/PP体系的反应挤出接枝马来酸酐研究

通过研究辛烯-乙烯共聚物/聚丙烯（POE/PP）比例。第二反应单体的选择，马来酸酐（MAH）单体和过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）用量变化以及反应温度，螺杆转速，真空度对接枝产品性能的影响情况，找出了适合于工业生产的最佳配方和工艺条件，即POE/PP为60：40，MAH为1.5%，DCP为0.04%，提纯苯乙烯为1.5%。螺杆转速为45r/min，真空度为-0.10MPa，螺筒各段温度为160，190（反应段），190（除杂段），150（机头）℃。     

动态硫化对SBS/PP热塑性弹性体的影响

采用动态硫化法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)/聚丙烯(PP)热塑性弹性体,研究了硫化体系、硫化剂含量和橡塑比对SBS/PP共混物的力学性能、结晶与熔融行为、热稳定性、耐溶剂性的影响。结果表明,采用硫黄硫化体系弹性体的力学性能要优于采用过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和酚醛树脂硫化体系的弹性体,且最佳硫化剂用量为1.5份;SBS/PP弹性体的最佳橡塑质量比为80/20;动态硫化使SBS/PP弹性体的结晶温度升高,热稳定性增强,耐溶剂性提高。     

羟甲基丙烯酰胺熔融接枝聚丙烯亲水性的研究

分别以羟甲基丙烯酰胺（NHA）、苯乙烯（St）为接枝单体,过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）为引发剂,用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯（PP）的接枝共聚物PP-g-NHA和PP-g-NHA/St。红外分析表明,NHA和St接枝到PP链上形成接枝共聚物。探讨了NHA用量、St用量、DCP用量及加工温度、螺杆转速对接枝率及接触角的影响。结果表明,NHA的最佳用量是3 %,此时接枝率达到最大值为1.6 %,接触角最小为83 °;随着DCP用量的增加,接枝率先增大后下降;加工温度不能太高,螺杆转速一定要大于40 r/min。     

PP/HDPE/弹性体三元共混改性的研究

用双螺杆挤出机制备了聚丙烯(PP)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/弹性体三元共混物,分别探讨了3种弹性体乙烯-辛烯嵌段共聚物(OBC)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)、苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)的含量对PP三元共混物力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察其脆断表面形态。结果表明,OBC、SBS、SEBS和HDPE都对PP起到了一定的协同增韧作用,SEBS对PP的增韧效果最佳;SEM表明三元共混力学性能与相形态密切相关;所制备的PP/HDPE/OBC三元共混物的加工性能较好。     

热塑性弹性体在塑胶跑道的冲击吸收性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了基于高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)/废旧橡胶轮胎(WGRT)粉末复合材料的热塑性弹性体(TPE),并以苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)为相容剂。系统研究了不同混合比例的HIPS/EVA/WGRT复合材料机械性能、动态力学性能和低速冲击性能。结果表明,HIPS/EVA/WGRT重量比=40/5/55时,机械性能和动态力学性能达到最好,且在实验范围内,材料冲击吸收性能随着速度增加而逐渐增大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。