一步皂化富氧法制取1-2羟基硬脂酸锂和氧化蓖麻油生产技术

蓖麻是一种不可食用的油料作物,其果实蓖麻籽含油50％左右,从蓖麻籽中提取的油脂——蓖麻油分子中含有羟基、双健、羧基等特殊结构,     

迷迭香的综合提取工艺研究

介绍了一种新的溶剂提取迷迭香的工艺和方法,通过乙醇直接提取迷迭香,采用逐级溶剂分离的方法对迷迭香油、水溶性成分、脂溶性成分进行综合提取。该方法工艺简单,成本低,并已实现工业化。     

超临界CO2萃取制备树兰叶与树兰花油和挥发性成分分析及其在卷烟中的应用

采用超临界CO2萃取法对树兰叶进行提取,通过正交试验优化工艺.对采用相同工艺提取的树兰叶油、树兰花油进行GC-MS分析和卷烟加香试验.树兰叶油的最佳提取工艺条件为温度50℃、压力25 MPa、萃取时间80 min,在此条件下树兰叶油提取率为1.54％、树兰花油为0.82％;采用GC-MS方法分析出树兰叶油中的121种成...     

蓖麻及其衍生物生产和应用的探讨

蓖麻具有较高的经济价值。利用茎秆可压制建筑材料 ,它的种子可以榨油 :饼粕可以作肥料 ,脱毒处理后作饲料 ;叶可以养蓖麻蚕 ,发展绢纺业 ;从蓖麻籽提取的蓖麻油广泛用于航空和精密仪器的高级润滑油、刹车油和防护油。通过多年的研究 ,从蓖麻油中可以提炼出衍生物几百种用途不同的精细化工产品 ,其效益十分可观。因此 ,世界上各国十分重视蓖麻开发生产 ,加工及其产品综合利用。随着我国工业现代化进程的推进 ,利用蓖麻油及其衍生物的行业不断增加。内蒙古通辽化工厂以蓖麻籽为原料生产的精炼蓖麻油、脱水蓖麻油、氢化蓖麻油、1 2 -羟基硬脂…     

蓖麻提取物对蔬菜害虫的生物活性

采用不同提取方法从蓖麻籽中提取各种成分用于蔬菜害虫的杀虫试验。结果表明蓖麻碱对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性明显优于其他蓖麻毒性成分。对菜青虫杀虫活性二者活性相近,前者略优于后者,对小菜蛾的杀虫活性后者优于前者。根据本实验结果,与蓖麻提取物各种成分分开使用相比,采用蓖麻提取液的混合成分进行杀虫,宽杀虫谱更广,药效更高。     

香精香料知识问答(三十九)

问:怎样准确使用溶剂法提取橘子油?答:橘子油是一种不皂化物,富有香味的天然色素。从橘皮和橘籽中提取橘子油已有悠久的历史,但以往的提取方法是直接从切碎后的湿橘子皮或柑橘皮中用溶剂提取的,这种方法很容易形成难以分离     

不同方法提取油茶籽油品质比较及电子鼻分析

采用气相色谱-质谱、化学法对浸出法、冷榨法和超临界流体CO2提取法所制油茶籽油的主要感官和理化指标进行了测定,并利用电子鼻技术对不同提取方法所制油茶籽油进行了鉴别。结果表明,3种提取方法所制油茶籽油在多项理化指标方面存在显著性差异。其中,超临界法所制油茶籽油的酸价、碘值与过氧化值均小于其他两种茶油,且其过氧化值与其他两种茶油相比具有显著性差异;3种茶油的中性色泽指标均具有显著性差异。其中,以冷榨法最低,浸出法最高;在脂肪酸组成和出油率方面,冷榨法所制的油茶籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量最高,浸出法出油率最高;而皂化值的结果表明,3种提取方法差异不显著。电子鼻技术的主成分分析和判别因子分析结果表明,累积方差贡献率分别为99.622%和99.999%,鉴别指数都为88,电子鼻技术能够对不同提取方法所制得的油茶籽油进行准确鉴别。     

索氏法提取蓝莓籽油的工艺研究

目的：当前对于索氏法提取蓝莓籽油的研究未见报道,所以本文将着重对索氏法提取工艺进行研究,找到索氏法提取蓝莓籽油的最佳工艺条件,为蓝莓籽油的开发利用提供依据;方法：单因素及正交实验,在索氏法提取过程中,对提取溶剂、提取时间、提取温度、料液比进行单因素控制。并且检测相关数据进行对比分析,最终得到各个因素的最适合参数。最后在单因素试验基础上,选取对蓝莓籽油出油率影响较显著的的3个因素进行正交实验,对提取条件进行优化,得到索氏法提取蓝莓籽油的最佳工艺组合。结果：通过正交实验测得对蓝莓籽出油率影响程度依次为温度,料液比,最后是时间。得到的工艺条件为温度95℃,料液比为1∶15(g∶mL),时间为1h,最后按照正交实验的结果进行验证实验,证明了正交实验结果可靠。结论：通过正交实验优化索氏法提取蓝莓籽油的最佳工艺条件为：用石油醚作为提取溶剂,提取的温度为95℃,时间为1 h,料液比为1∶15(g∶m L),在此工艺条件下得到的蓝莓籽油的出油率为16.4375%。     

基于响应曲面法优化文冠果种仁油的提取工艺研究

以文冠果种仁为原料,利用响应曲面法优化文冠果种仁油的提取工艺。在单因素实验的基础上,应用Box-Behnken设计方法建立数学模型,选择提取温度、提取时间和液料比为影响因子,以文冠果种仁油提取率为响应值,进行响应曲面分析。确定文冠果种仁油的最佳提取工艺条件为：提取温度58℃、提取时间31 min、液料比6∶1（mL∶g）,在此条件下文冠果种仁油的平均提取率为59.58%,与模型高度拟合。     

乙醇浸取法与超声波法提取新丰生姜精油的对比分析

通过乙醇浸取法和超声波辅助石油醚提取法提取新丰生姜油,为地方产业服务。通过上述提取方法,比较得率,获得最佳的提取条件,并通过气质谱联用技术对所得姜油进行了成分分析。乙醇浸取法最佳温度为60.5℃,料剂比为1∶8.5(g/m L),姜油得率为4.11%;超声波辅助法最佳超声功率为364 W,姜油得率为5.11%;不同方法的姜油化学成分差异较大:前者获得的姜油主要为姜精油,不含姜辣素,后者获得姜油主要为姜精油和姜酮(姜辣素的成分)。     

葡萄籽油浸提工艺的研究

以葡萄酒厂副产品葡萄籽为原料,石油醚（30～60℃）为浸提剂,利用索氏提取器提取葡萄籽油。考察了粉碎粒度、料液比、浸提浴温、浸提时间对葡萄籽油提取率的影响。结果表明：葡萄籽粉碎粒度为60目,料液比（g/mL）1∶6,浸提浴温80℃,浸提时间120 min时葡萄籽精油提取率为14.86%。实验制得葡萄籽油理化指标均符合国家食用油标准。     

葡萄籽中主要成分提取方法的研究

对葡萄籽中3种有经济价值的成分：葡萄籽油、蛋白质、原花青素的提取方法以及原花青素的定量分析方法做了简要介绍。通过比较不同方法,同时对一些影响因素进行分析,提出了对3种有效成分分步提取的思路,以期达到充分、全面利用葡萄籽这一经济资源。     

超声波法从葡萄籽中提取原花青素

研究了从葡萄籽中提取原花青素的改进工艺,主要考察超声波作用对原花青素提取率和提取物含量的影响,并与传统溶剂法进行了对比。实验表明,把风干的葡萄籽破碎成0 6～1mm的微小颗粒,先按1g葡萄籽加3mL溶剂的比例加入石油醚,常温浸泡48h脱除油脂;再按照1g葡萄籽加20mL溶剂的比例,分别用乙醇〔w(C2H5OH)=95%〕、丙酮〔w(CH3COCH3)=99%〕和纯水在常温下浸泡2h,浸泡期间采用超声波震荡加强传质,原花青素的提取率分别达到4 63%、4 59%和2 55%(以葡萄籽的投料质量计算),提取率分别比不施加超声波震荡的传统溶剂提取法提高11%、66%和48%。     

The effects of extraction methods on sesame oil stability

The oxidative stability of sesame oil, as measured by the Rancimat test, was shown to be dependent on extraction methods and seed pre-treatment. Oils extracted from whole seeds were more stable than those extracted from dehulled seeds by the same method. Extraction of the same seeds with polar solvents and effective seed crushing yielded more-stable oils (16.7–21.3 Rancimat hours) compared with extraction with nonpolar solvents and coarsely crushed or pressed seeds (4.5–6.4 Rancimat hours). Heptane-isopropanol (3:1, vol/vol) provided slightly more stable oils thann-hexane by the same method. Results are discussed in relation to some of the major anti- and prooxidants present in the oils.     

Effect of sprouting on the quality and composition of canola seed and oil

Sprouting has been considered as a damage factor in grading canola. This project deals with the evaluation of the effect of sprouting on the quality and composition of canola seed and oil. Sprouted seeds had lower oil content than nonsprouted seeds as determined by exhaustive petroleum ether extraction. The difference, although statistically significant, was small, less than 0.1% oil at the maximum level of sprouting allowed in topgrade canola. There were no differences in chlorophyll contents or moisture contents between sound and sprouted seeds. Sprouted seeds had significantly higher levels of FFA and crude protein than sound seeds. Oxidation parameters (diene and aldehyde) were higher in oils from sound seeds than oils from sprouted seeds, but there was no statistically significant difference in PV. Sprouted seeds had higher levels of tocopherols and sucrose, but lower levels of raffinose, stachyose, and total sugars than sound seeds. There was no difference in overall FA composition of the oil between sound and sprouted seeds. The second extraction of the Federation of Oils Seeds and Fat Associations (FOSFA) extraction method, which allowed the extraction of more polar lipids, contained significantly more saturated FA. However, this was not significant in the overall FA composition of the oils because this fraction counted for about 2% of the total lipid content. The presence of sprouted seed had an effect on results for oil and crude protein determined by NIR as compared with results by FOSFA extraction, or pulsed NMR for oil and Dumas combustion for crude protein. Addition of sprouted seed samples to the NIR, calibration set overcame this problem. These results suggested that sprouting did not have a highly damaging effect on the quality and composition of canola seed and oil when less than 10% of the seeds in a sample were sprouting.     

微波诱导萃取西番莲籽油

对西番莲籽油进行微波诱导正己烷萃取，初步考察了微波萃取西番莲籽的可行性及萃取过程中影响因素的作用。     

Effect of various extraction conditions on the phenolic contents of pomegranate seed oil

Pomegranate seeds are byproducts of the pomegranate juice industry. Because of the presence of large amounts of certain pharmaceutical and nutraceutical components in the seeds, a proper extraction method to obtain these components is highly demanded in the food industry. In this study, the effect of different extraction methods on the total phenolic contents of the oil extracted from pomegranate seeds of the Malas variety from Shahreza, Iran, was investigated. Four different extraction methods including normal stirring, Soxhlet, microwave irradiation and ultrasonic irradiation using two types of organic solvents as well as a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method using CO₂ as solvent were applied. The different organic solvents of this study did not indicate any significant differences in the total phenolic contents of the extracted oils, but the extracted oils from the various conditions of SFE indicated wide changes in the amount of phenolic compounds (7.8–72.1 mg/g). The total phenolic content of the extracted oil from one of the SFE runs was several times greater than those in the extracted oils using organic solvents.     

葡萄籽油的提取方法及精炼工艺研究进展

葡萄酒生产过程中的下脚料,经过清洗、烘干等处理,分离出葡萄籽.所得葡萄籽通过压榨法、溶剂提取法或超临界流体萃取法得到葡萄籽毛油,所得毛油经脱胶、脱酸、水洗干燥、脱色、脱臭、特色过滤等精炼工艺最后得到精制成品油.本文对葡萄籽油的提取方法及精炼工艺研究进展进行了综述.     

葡萄籽中原花青素的提取与纯化

文章以青岛大泽山葡萄籽为原料,利用溶剂提取法来提取活性物质原花青素,通过正交实验考察了提取溶剂、粉碎粒度、料液比三因素对提取效果的影响。获得了较优的提取条件：丙酮-水体系的最佳提取条件为：葡萄籽粒度60-80目,丙酮浓度40％,料液比1：6（g·mL^-1）。实验还对粗产物进行了提纯,提纯后的产品纯度平均为93％,最高可达96．78％;提纯率平均为32．36％,最高可达42．69％。并在此基础上考察了微波辅助浸提对提取效果的影响。     

具有灭鼠活性的蓖麻毒蛋白提取工艺的优化

以脱壳蓖麻籽为原料,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法优化蓖麻粗毒蛋白的提取工艺。选取液料比、pH、浸提时间和硫酸铵饱和度4因素3水平进行中心组合实验。结果表明,蓖麻粗毒蛋白的最佳提取工艺条件为:液料比4.5 mL/g,pH 6.9,浸提时间38 h,硫酸铵饱和度65%。优化后蛋白提取率从2.82%提高到3.69%,SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳显示32 kD和34 kD两条蛋白带。