多孔氧化铝模板电沉积法制备铁纤维阵列

利用多孔氧化铝模板电沉积法成功地制备了α铁相纤维阵列。结果表明：此法制备的铁纤维直径约为300nm，纤维长度随电沉积时间的增加而增加；铁纤维长径比增加会使单位面积饱和磁化强度（Ms）增大、矫顽力（Hc）减小。     

铁尾砂泡沫混凝土的制备及性能

以铁尾砂为细骨料,采用不同掺量的铁尾砂取代天然砂制备目标密度为900 kg/m³的铁尾砂泡沫混凝土试件,分析铁尾砂掺量对试件干燥收缩率、吸水率、导热系数、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度等性能的影响;并采用扫描电镜及图象分析软件分析试件的微观形貌。结果表明：铁尾砂掺量(质量分数)在0～40%范围内,随铁尾砂掺量的增加,泡沫混凝土的干燥收缩率和吸水率下降,导热系数略有增加;泡沫混凝土的抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度呈先增后减的趋势,铁尾砂掺量20%时抗压和劈裂抗拉强度最高;掺入适量的铁尾砂可改善泡沫混凝土的孔结构,内部孔径趋向均匀,铁尾砂质量分数超过20%时泡沫混凝土的微观结构劣化,这也是导致其力学性能开始下降的原因。     

氧化锌薄膜的阴极电沉积法制备及性能

以硝酸锌溶液为沉积液,采用阴极电沉积技术在ITO导电玻璃基片上制备ZnO薄膜．分析了Zn（NO3）2体系ZnO的电化学沉积机理及反应过程,考察了沉积电位和Zn（NO3）2浓度对沉积过程、薄膜结构及其性能的影响结果表明：沉积电位和Zn（NO3）2浓度对薄膜形貌都有着显著的影响,沉积速率随沉积电位和Zn（NO3）2浓度的增加而增大;当沉积电位和Zn（NO3）2浓度较小时,薄膜粒径小,透光性相对较高．     

电沉积法制备高孔率泡沫金属的电流密度控制

针对高孔率泡沫金属的电阻特性，通过电流密度随时间的变化转换为镀区内的位置分布，建立了稳恒状态下，带状高孔率泡沫金属与阳极平行电沉积的理论模型，进而推导出表观电流密度分布的表达式，并对电化学步骤控制的泡沫金属电沉积进行了设备优化设计，使得泡沫金属电沉积的电流密度控制在最佳范围，保证泡沫金属的质量。这一工作，为电沉积法制备高孔率泡沫金属的设备制造和在线控制提供了理论依据，具有实际应用价值。     

粉体致密化法(PCF)制备泡沫铁的研究

采用粉末致密化发泡(PCF)工艺制备泡沫铁,研究了各工艺参数对泡沫铁制备及其孔隙率的影响规律,得出了实验条件下的优化工艺参数配置,对制备过程及影响孔隙率的因素进行了分析,获得了泡沫铁的优化制备工艺及各工艺参数对孔隙率的影响规律,对泡沫铁的研究与开发具有显著意义.     

晶种诱导电化学沉积法制备AZO薄膜

通过晶种诱导辅助电化学沉积法制备Al掺杂ZnO薄膜(AZO),利用XRD和SEM对薄膜的物相和形貌进行了表征,紫外-可见分光光度计和四探针式方阻仪分析了薄膜的光电性能,研究了不同Al掺杂浓度下AZO薄膜的晶体结构和光电性能。研究表明,一定含量的Al元素掺杂并不影响晶体的结构类型;制备的AZO薄膜均为六方纤锌矿结构,且掺杂后薄膜的电阻呈数量级下降;当Al ~(3+)掺杂浓度为0.005mol/L时,AZO薄膜的结晶性最好,薄膜均匀致密,方块电阻为0.85kΩ,光透过率达85%,禁带宽度为3.37eV。     

电化学沉积法制备阿司匹林铜

以市售阿司匹林药片和铜片（牺牲阳极）为原料,利用电化学沉积法制备了标题化合物,并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱、X-射线衍射及单晶X-射线衍射对其进行表征.讨论了溶液浓度、初始pH、施加电压等条件对产物的影响,确定了最佳合成条件.该法反应装置简单、能避免副产物的产生,产物纯度高,而且是一种绿色合成法.     

电化学沉积法制备一维氧化锌的研究

采用不同条件电化学沉积法在氧化铟锡（IT O ）导电玻璃基底上自组装生长了一维ZnO阵列。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和场发射扫描电镜（FESEM ）对其结构和形貌分别进行表征。结果表明,以种晶预生长时间为40 s的样品为衬底,Zn2＋浓度为0.005 mol/L ,CTAB浓度为0.005 mol/L ,HMT浓度为0.01 mol/L ,沉积时间为10 min ,沉积电位为0.90 V条件下,能够制备出高度取向且致密的一维氧化锌阵列。     

电沉积制备CuInSe2薄膜及性能研究

采用Mo／钠钙玻璃衬底为研究电极，饱和甘汞电极(SCE)为参比电极，大面积的铂网电极为辅助电极的三电极体系，以氯化铜、三氯化铟、亚硒酸的水溶液为电解液，在镀钼的钠钙玻璃衬底上利用电沉积技术制备出太阳能电池用CuInSe2薄膜。通过EDS、XRD和SEM对制备的CuInSe2薄膜进行了表征，实验结果表明利用电沉积方法可以制备出晶粒分布均匀的黄铜矿结构的CuInSe2薄膜，禁带宽度为1．14eV左右，具有高的吸收系数。     

铁镍合金异常共沉积的旋转环盘电极研究

应用旋转环盘电极研究了Fe-Ni合金的电沉积过程,通过镀层动电位或恒电流溶解时盘,环电流的测量,可以求得镀层成份、电流效率与极化曲线。实验结果证实在Fe-Ni合金沉积过程中Fe~(2+)的沉积被活化,而Ni~(2+)的沉积被阻碍。讨论了铁镍合金异常共沉积的机理。     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of polymer Li-ion battery reinforced by non-woven fabric

A polymer electrolyte based on poly(vinylidene) fluoride-hexafluoropropylene was prepared by evaporating the solvent of dimethyl formamide, and non-woven fabric was used to reinforce the mechanical strength of polymer electrolyte and maintain a good interfacial property between the polymer electrolyte and electrodes. Polymer lithium batteries were assembled by using LiCoO2 as cathode material and lithium foil as anode material. Scanning electron microscopy, alternating current impedance, linear sweep voltammetry and charge-discharge tests were used to study the properties of polymer membrane and polymer Li-ion batteries. The results show that the technics of preparing polymer electrolyte by directly evaporating solvent is simple. The polymer membrane has rich micro-porous structure on both sides and exhibits 280% uptake of electrolyte solution. The electrochemical stability window of this polymer electrolyte is about 5.5 V, and its ionic conductivity at room temperature reaches 0.151 S/m. The polymer lithium battery displays an initial discharge capacity of 138 mA·h/g and discharge plateau of about 3.9 V at 0.2 current rate. After 30 cycles, its loss of discharge capacity is only 2%. When the battery discharges at 0.5 current rate, the voltage plateau is still 3.7 V. The discharge capacities of 0.5 and 1.0 current rates are 96% and 93% of that of 0.1 current rate, respectively.     

Characterization and Electrochemical Properties of LiMn2O4 Thin Films Prepared by Solution Deposition

1 IntroductionThin-filmlithium-ion batteries have attracted greatattention of researchfor possible use inimplantable medi-cal devices , CMOS-based integrated circuits ,radio fre-quency (RF) identification tags for inventory control andanti-theft protection[1],etc. Li Mn2O4thin films , aspromising cathode materials for thin-filmlithium-ion bat-teries, have been prepared by a few methods such aspulsedlaser deposition[2 ,3],electrospraying[4-9],RF mag-netron sputtering[10], laser ablation[11]…     

Ni-Si合金材料与Ni-Si/C复合阳极材料的结构和电化学性能研究

采用大气熔炼-机械球磨二步法制备一系列Ni-Si合金材料和Ni-Si/C复合材料,并运用X射线衍射XRD、场发射扫描电子显微镜FE-SEM和恒电流充放电等测试方法对Ni-Si合金材料和Ni-Si/C复合阳极材料的结构和电化学性能进行了研究。结果表明,Ni-Si合金材料的放电比容量随着Si含量的增加呈上升趋势,但第1周材料充放电的库仑效率下降;采用炭包覆法制备的Ni-Si/C复合阳极材料与Ni-Si合金材料相比,其电化学循环性能大幅度提升,Ni-Si/C复合阳极材料第10周放电比容量保持分数是Ni-Si合金材料的6倍左右,这是因为机械球磨使炭粉均匀地分布在合金颗粒之间,提高了复合阳极材料的导电性。     

Preparation of activated carbons from mesophase pitch and their electrochemical properties

The influences of molar ratio of KOH to C and activated temperature on the pore structure and electrochemical property of porous activated carbon from mesophase pitch activated by KOH were investigated. The surface areas and the pore structures of activated carbons were analyzed by nitrogen adsorption, and the electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were studied using two-electrode capacitors in organic electrolyte. The results indicate that the maximum surface area of 3 190 m2/g is obtained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 5:1, the maximum specific capacitance of 122 F/g is attained at molar ratio of KOH to C of 4:1, and 800 ℃ is the proper temperature to obtain the maximum surface area and capacitance.     

Microstructure and properties of cement foams prepared by magnesium oxychloride cement

Microstructural features including pore size distribution, cell walls and phase compositions of magnesium oxychloride cement foams (MOCF) with various MgO powders and water mixture ratios were studied. Their influences on compressive strength, water absorption and resistance of MOCF were also discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that moderate and slight excess MgO powders (MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratios from 5.1 to 7) were beneficial to the formation of excellent microstructure of MOCF, but increasing water contents (H₂O/MgO mass ratios from 0.9 to 1.29) might result in opposite conclusions. The microstructure of MOCF produced with moderate and slight excess MgO powders could enhance the compressive strength, while serious excess MgO powders addition (MgO/MgCl₂ molar ratios = 9) would destroy the cell wall structures, and therefore decrease the strength of the system. Although MOCF produced with excess MgO powders could decrease the water absorption, its softening coefficient was lower than that of the material produced with moderate MgO powders. This might be due to the instability of phase 5, the volume expansion and cracking of cell walls as immersed the sample into water.     

多孔泡沫金属材料吸声性能探讨

以不同工艺制备的泡沫铝样品为代表,探讨了泡沫金属材料的吸声性能。根据泡沫金属材料样品吸声系数的实验数据,对其吸声数据与声波频率的关系进行了非线性拟合。拟合结果发现,利用高斯函数的形式获得了很好的拟合效果。拟合函数表征显示,泡沫金属的吸声系数与声波频率因素的平方呈exp指数关系,而且吸声系数曲线对于声波频率在低频端有一条水平渐近线。     

Preparation and electrochemical properties of Pb-0.3wt%Ag/Pb-WC composite inert anodes

We prepared Pb-0.3wt%Ag/Pb-WC(WC stands for tungsten carbide,the same below) composite inert anodes by double-pulse electrodeposition on the surface of Pb-0.3wt%Ag substrates,and investigated the electrochemical properties of the composite inert anodes,which were obtained under different forward pulse average current densities from 2 A/dm~2 to 5 A/dm~2 and WC concentrations from 0 g/L to 40 g/L in bath.The kinetic parameters of oxygen evolution,corrosion potential and corrosion current of the composite inert anodes were obtained in a synthetic zinc electrowinning electrolyte of 50 g/L Zn~(2+) and 150 g/L H_2SO_4 at 35 ℃,by measuring the anodic polarization curves,Tafel polarization curves and cyclic voltammetry curves.The results show that Pb-0.3wt% Ag/Pb-WC composite inert anodes obtained under forward pulse average current density of 3 A/dm~2 and WC concentration of 30 g/L in an original acid plating bath,possess higher electrocatalytic activity of oxygen evolution,lower overpotential of oxygen evolution,better reversibility of electrode reaction and corrosion resistance in [ZnSO_4+H_2SO_4] solution.The overpotential of oxygen evolution of the composite inert anode is 0.926 V under 500 A/m~2 in [ZnSO_4+H_2SO_4] solution,and 245 mV lower than that of Pb-1% Ag alloy;the corrosion current of the composite inert anode is 0.95×10~(-4)A which is distinctly lower than that of Pb-1%Ag alloy,showing the excellent corrosion resistance.     

Preparation and electrochemical characterization of activated carbons by chemical-physical activation

A process was proposed based on the combination of chemical and physical activation for the production of activated carbons used as the electrode material for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC). By material characterization and electrochemical methods, the influences of the activitation process on the specific surface area, pore structure and electrochemical properties of the activated carbons were investigated. The results show that specific surface area, the mesopore volume, and the specific capacitance increase with the increase of the mass ratio of KOH to char (m(KOH)/m(char)) and the activation time, respectively. When m(KOH)/m(char) is 4.0, the specific surface area and the mesopore volume reach the maximum values, i.e. 1 960 m²/g and 0.308 4 cm³/g, and the specific capacitance is 120.7 F/g synchronously. Compared with the chemical activation, the activated carbons prepared by chemical-physical activation show a larger mesopore volume, a higher ratio of mesopore and a larger specific capacitance. Foundation item: Project(2007BAE12B01) supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China     

电化学诱导法制备二氧化硅薄膜材料

通过电化学诱导的溶胶-凝胶过程,以四甲氧基硅烷(TMOS)作为硅源,在氧化铟锡(ITO)电极表面制备了二氧化硅(SiO2)薄膜.使用扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外可见光谱(UV)和循环伏安法(CV)分别对薄膜的表面形貌、光吸收特性和导电性能进行了表征.结果表明:所施加的电压显著地影响SiO2薄膜的在固体表面上的生长.SEM图显示出在薄膜表面上没有明显的介孔结构.薄膜的紫外可见光谱在波长为430 nm处出现了SiO2分子的本征吸收峰,表明这固体表面上的材料主要是由SiO2构成的.循环伏安曲线证明该薄膜材料具有很高的电阻.这种电沉积的SiO2薄膜材料有望应用于分解有机污染物等领域.