制备工艺条件对铝阳极氧化膜膜厚度的影响

采用阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al一体型多孔氧化铝膜,考查了制备工艺条件对氧化膜厚度的影响。结果表明,随着氧化电流密度、氧化时间、电解液浓度等参数的增加,氧化膜厚度亦随之增加。SEM研究结果表明,氧化膜由内层致密的阻挡层和外层的多孔层两部分组成。     

阳极氧化工艺对氧化铝纳米孔膜形成过程及结构的影响

采用高纯度的铝片为阳极，以铂网为阴极，在3％～5％草酸溶液中，电压在30～70V，温度控制在17～25℃范围内进行恒压阳极氧化制备氧化铝膜，并采用环境扫描电镜观察纳米孔形貌，金相显微镜测量氧化膜厚度。研究了电解电压、电解液浓度、温度等条件对氧化铝多孔膜结构的影响。结果表明：氧化膜形成速度、纳米孔孔径、胞径、孔壁厚度、氧化膜厚度受电解电压影响显著，随着电解液浓度和温度的增大，氧化膜生长速度加快，纳米孔孔径、孔壁厚度等都随之增大，在相同时间内生成的氧化膜厚度增大。     

高度有序的多孔型铝阳极氧化膜的制备

以硫酸为电解液研究了多孔阳极氧化铝膜的制备,并采用场发射扫描电子显微镜对多孔氧化铝膜的形貌进行表征.结果表明:氧化电压在24～26 V时能够得到孔径为25～30 nm的多孔氧化铝膜.在不同电压下进行阳极氧化时,多孔氧化铝形成过程均经历了阻挡层形成、多孔层萌生及多孔层稳定生长三个阶段,但多孔层萌生及稳定生长的电流密度随氧化电压的升高而增加.当氧化时间为6h时氧化膜厚度达到最大值38nm.对多孔氧化铝膜进行XPS分析表明,氧化铝膜的主要成分为非晶态Al2O3.     

多孔氧化铝模板的制备及应用

以磷酸溶液为电解液、以高纯铝为阳极,采用两步阳极氧化法制备氧化铝模板。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其表面形貌分析表明,氧化铝膜为多孔结构,膜孔径随着阳极氧化电压的增大而不断增大。对阳极氧化电流密度变化分析证实,铝的阳极氧化经历了三个阶段:阻挡层的生成、多孔层的形成和多孔层的稳定生长。以制备的氧化铝膜为阴极、锌片为阳极,以硝酸锌和硼酸的混合液为电解液,采用交流电沉积方法制备了针状氧化锌纳米线。     

回溶法氧化铝溶胶封闭铝阳极氧化膜孔

氧化铝溶胶封闭铝合金阳极氧化膜是一种无铬、无氟且无重金属的绿色环保的封闭液。研究了回溶法氧化铝溶胶的主盐浓度、pH及温度对溶胶及其封闭膜性能的影响。结果表明：随着溶胶中铝离子浓度的增加，溶胶粒径显著变大，黏度升高，稳定性下降。室温下对于铝离子浓度为0.6 mol·L^-1的氧化铝溶胶，随着溶胶的pH升高，溶胶黏度增大，封闭膜的耐蚀性得到加强。随着溶胶温度升高，其黏度下降，但封闭膜耐酸性溶液腐蚀的能力得到显著提高。铝阳极氧化膜溶胶封闭后，膜厚度的增加值随着溶胶黏度的升高而增大。在较佳工艺条件下溶胶封闭阳极氧化膜的点滴试液变色时间长达63 min，显著超过了蒸馏水和重铬酸钠封闭膜的变色时间，证实在替代重铬酸钠封闭技术方面有了重大的飞跃。     

多孔纳米氧化铝模板的制备研究

在草酸电解液中,通过电化学两步氧化法制备了纳米多孔氧化铝膜,应用高分辨扫描电镜观察了氧化铝膜的形貌,并且估算了平均孔径和孔密度.讨论了铝片厚度、第一步氧化时间和氧化电压对多孔氧化铝膜的影响.平均孔径随铝片厚度增加而减小,而随第一步氧化时间和氧化电压的增加而增加;孔密度则随铝片厚度增加而增加,随第一步氧化时间和氧化电压的增加而减小.     

汽车用5052铝-镁合金阳极氧化及封闭工艺的研究

使用草酸阳极氧化技术对汽车用5052铝-镁合金进行阳极氧化处理,并研究了阳极氧化对铝-镁合金耐蚀性的影响。铝-镁合金的阳极氧化属于氧化膜的生成和溶解的动态过程。氧化膜主要由多孔层和阻挡层构成,厚度约为8μm。经过阳极氧化处理后,铝-镁合金的耐蚀性显著提高。重铬酸钾封闭后,腐蚀电流密度下降为原来的10%,膜电阻显著增大,进一步提高了铝-镁合金的耐蚀性。     

铝箔腐蚀阳极氧化前处理SEM分析

为了对多孔阳极氧化铝孔洞尺寸的可控制备,分别对磷酸和草酸作为电解液进行阳极氧化研究。发现磷酸只需经一步氧化可以制备出高度有序的多孔氧化铝膜,孔洞在电压160 V时可达到300 nm,130 V时的孔洞约150 nm。经铬酸钾和磷酸混合液处理氧化膜后,可观察到阻挡层上分布的六角形结构。而草酸经两步阳极氧化后形成的孔洞很小,只有数十纳米,经扩孔后孔洞可达100 nm。     

氧化电压对多孔阳极氧化铝膜结构及形成的影响

以草酸为电解液研究了氧化电压对多孔阳极氧化铝膜的影响,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)对多孔阳极氧化铝膜的表面形貌进行表征.结果表明:氧化电压决定多孔阳极氧化铝膜纳米孔的大小;在一定电压范围内,氧化膜厚度随氧化电压的升高而增加.电流密度与氧化时间的关系曲线表明:在不同电压下多孔阳极氧化铝膜的形成历程基本相同,但形成多孔氧化铝膜时的电流密度随氧化电压的升高而增加.XRD分析结果证实:多孔氧化铝膜由非晶态的Al2O3组成,其组成不随阳极氧化电压而变化.     

多孔氧化铝模板的制备及形成过程研究

在直流恒电压条件下,以草酸为电解液制备了多孔氧化铝模板。采用扫描电子显微镜对多孔氧化铝模板的形貌进行表征。氧化铝模板的厚度测量表明,当氧化时间为6h时,氧化膜厚度达到最大值35.0mm。根据氧化过程的j-t曲线研究了多孔氧化铝模板的形成过程。     

Kinetics of the electrolytic coloring process on anodized aluminum

The kinetics of tin electrodeposition during the electrolytic coloring of porous anodic oxide films on aluminum is studied as a function of the oxide properties, e.g., the thickness of the porous oxide layer, and the surface resistance offered by the barrier oxide layer. While the thickness of the porous oxide layer is controlled by the anodization time, the surface resistance is controlled by the anodization voltage, and the anodization bath temperature. Steady-state polarization measurements are employed to characterize the dependence of the coloring kinetics on the oxide properties. Measurements indicate that the kinetics of the electrolytic coloring process can be accelerated by: (i) reducing the surface resistance of the oxide film (primarily offered by the barrier oxide layer) by growing the oxide at a lower anodization voltage, and/or a higher bath temperature, or (ii) growing a thinner porous oxide layer by decreasing the anodization time. The electrochemical measurements are supported by gravimetric analysis of electrolytically colored alumina samples (using calibrated wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy), and by optical spectrophotometry.     

汽车用2024铝合金阳极氧化膜性能的研究

对汽车用2024铝合金板材进行酒石酸阳极氧化处理,并研究了阳极氧化对铝合金的成分、结构、表面形貌及耐蚀性的影响。研究发现,铝合金阳极氧化膜是由表面多孔层和内部无孔层构成的。铝合金阳极氧化过程是一个氧化铝生成和溶解的动态过程。阳极氧化膜由刚玉结构的α-Al_2O_3和八面结构的γ-Al_2O_3构成,α相和γ相大大提高了阳极氧化膜的硬度和耐蚀性。阳极氧化膜为典型的多孔结构,孔洞分布均匀,孔径为50nm左右。     

汽车用铝合金阳极氧化及钵转化膜封闭技术

采用阳极氧化和钵转化膜封闭技术提高汽车用2036铝合金的耐蚀性。研究发现:铝合金阳极氧化膜由外部的多孔层和内部的阻挡层构成,多孔层孔径均匀,约为30 nm0经过阳极氧化处理后,铝合金的自腐蚀电位正移,自腐蚀电流密度下降,耐蚀性提高。经过钵转化膜封闭处理后,大量钵的氢氧化物覆盖阳极氧化膜表面,进一步提高了铝合金的耐蚀性。     

Tracer studies relating to alloying element behaviour in porous anodic alumina formed in phosphoric acid

The behaviours of hafnium, molybdenum and hafnium tracer species in porous anodic alumina films are compared in order to investigate the relationship between the migration rate of alloying element species and their amounts and distributions in the films. The study employs substrates consisting of a thin layer of Al-Hf, Al-Mo or Al-Nd alloy deposited by magnetron sputtering on to electropolished aluminium, with a top layer of aluminium deposited above the alloy layer. The substrates are then anodized at constant current density in phosphoric acid to incorporate the tracer species into the porous anodic film. The tracer distributions in the film are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, and the amounts of tracer quantified by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. The distributions of the species within the films differ for the three tracer species. Molybdenum species, which migrate slower than Al³⁺ ions, are retained within the films, since they are unable to migrate to the pore base regions of the films. In contrast, hafnium and neodymium species, which respectively migrate at rates similar to and faster than Al³⁺ ions, are able to reach the pore base regions where they are lost to the electrolyte; the loss of the faster migrating-neodymium species is greater than that of hafnium species. The behaviours are related to the influence of flow of the alumina within the barrier layer on the transport of the tracer species.     

Preparation and analysis of films on aluminium by high voltage anodization in phosphoric acid and sodium tungstate solution

A high voltage anodic film on aluminium was prepared in a mixed electrolyte of phosphoric acid and sodium tungstate. The properties, structure, morphology and chemical composition of the film were investigated. It was found that the elements in the film were O, Al, P and W and the main chemical compositions of the film were aluminium oxides with some phosphates and tungstates. Compared with conventional anodic films, the high voltage anodic film showed good hardness and excellent corrosion and heat resistance. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that the film could be divided into two layers, a porous surface layer and a compact underlayer. Many cracks were observed in both layers, which are significantly different from those of conventional anodic films.     

Local deposition of polypyrrole on aluminum by anodizing, laser irradiation, and electrolytic polymerization and its application to the fabrication of micro-actuators

Polypyrrole was deposited at selected areas on aluminum by anodizing, laser irradiation, and electrolytic polymerization, and the application of the technique for fabricating micro-actuators was attempted. Aluminum specimens covered with porous type anodic oxide films were irradiated with a pulsed Nd-YAG laser to remove the oxide films locally, and then thin Ni layers were deposited at areas where film had been removed. Polypyrrole could be successfully deposited only on the Ni layer by anodic polarization of the specimens in pyrrole monomer solution, and a polypyrrole/Ni bilayer structure could be obtained by dissolution of the aluminum substrate and anodic oxide film in NaOH solutions. The bilayer structure was found to be inactive to doping and dedoping of ions during anodic and cathodic polarization. A three-layer structure, nitrocellulose/Ni/polypyrrole, fabricated by electrolytic polymerization after nitrocellulose coating on a Ni layer detached from the aluminum substrate, showed ion-doping and -dedoping activity, suggesting the possibility of fabricating micro-actuators in this manner.     

排球挂钩用铝合金基材阳极氧化处理及耐蚀性研究

使用铝合金挂钩对装入网兜的排球进行悬挂和管理,具有取用方便、节约空间、美观等优点。使用硫酸阳极氧化技术对排球挂钩用5005铝合金基材进行了处理,并对阳极氧化膜的性能进行了研究。结果表明:阳极氧化膜主要由铝、氧、硫、碳元素构成,其中铝和氧的总质量分数超过80%,少量的硫来自硫酸。经过硫酸阳极氧化处理后,铝合金表面形成高硬度和高熔点的a-Al2O3和y-Al2O3,大大提高了铝合金的硬度。阳极氧化膜由高电阻的阻拦层和多孔层构成,可以有效地分散和降低自腐蚀电流密度,大大提高铝合金基材的耐蚀性。     

规整填料型加氢脱硫催化剂的制备及性能评价

用电化学方法制备多孔氧化铝膜,并负载Mo-Co活性组分制得了金属支撑-多孔层规整填料型加氢催化剂。采用BET和SEM技术表征了多孔性氧化铝膜的物理结构,并考察了电解及后处理条件的影响。结果表明,电解液浓度、氧化时间、水封时间、水封温度等对多孔氧化铝膜的比表面积影响显著。采用二次氧化的方法,在质量分数为4%的草酸电解液、氧化时间1 h、80℃水封3 h条件下,所制备的多孔氧化铝膜具有相对较大的比表面积。汽油重馏分加氢反应结果表明该类催化剂具有较高的催化活性和选择性。     

Modelling the capacitance of d.c. etched aluminium electrolytic capacitor foil

A model for the capacitance of anode foil used in aluminium electrolytic capacitors is compared with experimental data for commercial foils from two different manufacturers. These foils are obtained by anodic electrochemical etching to produce a porous tunnel etched structure, followed by formation of a layer of dielectric aluminium oxide in the pores. Data for the density and size of tunnels is obtained by sectioning the foil parallel to its surface with an ultramicrotome to several depths. In this paper the internal structure is modelled as a spatially random collection of hollow dielectric cylinders. Comparison of the measured capacitance with that calculated from the dimensional data and the model are in good agreement. The model predicts optimum values for tunnel size and density as a function of oxide thickness.