电力系统暂态稳定概率评估新策略

提出一种基于修正暂态能量函数法的暂态稳定概率评估新策略。该策略的优点在于:它只需对系统中很小一部分的严重故障进行暂态稳定计算,求取其临界切除时间,因而能够极大地减少计算量,提高暂态稳定概率评估的效率。在159机1660节点的华北电力系统上的算例说明了该评估策略的有效性和实用性。     

基于稳定域边界理论的暂态稳定指标及其应用

基于故障后电力系统稳定域边界的隐式方程,提出了隐式的暂态稳定指标,并利用稳定域的二次近似方法给出了该暂态稳定指标的一个近似估计.进一步,将所得的暂态稳定指标应用于临界切除时间计算和故障排序,其中临界切除时间由求解暂态稳定指标和切除时间的拟合二次方程得出,故障的严重程度排序由比较该暂态稳定指标直接得出.最后,在IEEE 3机9节点和新英格兰10机39节点系统中进行的仿真结果验证了所提出的暂态稳定指标的准确性.     

基于临界机组对的暂态稳定紧急控制策略

为使暂态稳定紧急情况得到有效控制,从临界机组对信息入手,提出一种基于临界机组对稳定性指标灵敏度的切机切负荷控制策略。首先推导了临界机组对稳定性指标对控制量的灵敏度表达式,将其用于构造暂态稳定约束条件,进而借助优化算法获得紧急控制所需的切机切负荷量及控制地点。该方法只需部分发电机信息,计算简单,且基于临界机组对稳定性指标的灵敏度可表达控制量对每一失稳机组的控制能力,物理概念更清晰。仿真算例证明了该方法较基于全系统稳定裕度的灵敏度方法切除量要小。     

基于轨迹灵敏度的电力系统暂态稳定性定量评估

轨迹灵敏度是定量描述参数对动态系统行为影响的数学工具,蕴含了丰富的系统动态信息。分析了功角相对于故障切除时间的灵敏度与电力系统暂态稳定程度之间的关系,在惯性中心(COI)坐标系下,建立了定量评估发电机暂态稳定程度和全系统暂态稳定程度的指标体系。通过对单机无穷大(SMIB)系统和New England10机39节点系统的算例分析,结果验证了所提指标的单调性和有效性。将基于轨迹灵敏度的稳定评价指标与轨迹分析方法所提出的稳定指标相比较,结果表明评估电力系统暂态稳定性的指标仅需一次仿真计算即可准确评估发电机和全系统的暂态稳定性,无需建立能量函数、计算更为简捷,具有较好的应用价值。     

基于PEBS法的暂态能量裕度灵敏度快速计算

提出了一种基于PEBS法暂态稳定分析的能量裕度灵敏度计算方法.该方法以系统故障前稳定平衡点作为暂态势能参考点,沿持续故障轨迹采用数值方法计算暂态势能.在系统持续故障仿真和灵敏度动态方程计算过程中,引入高阶Taylor级数展开技术,可以在保持计算精度的前提下提高计算步长,显著提高计算速度.将到达临界势能点的判据展开以时间为自变量的多项式形式,通过解方程求得到达临界势能点的时间,从而快速确定临界势能点的位置.提出的能量裕度灵敏度分析方法包括两方面:计算故障前机组机械注入功率变化对能量裕度的灵敏度,用于指导预防控制;计算故障切除后的控制措施对稳定裕度的影响,用于指导紧急控制.New England 10机系统算例验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于归一化能量函数的临界切除时间并行仿真算法

随着新能源的广泛接入和电力系统的发展,新一代问题面临更为严峻的挑战,评估和求取临界切除时间是分析的关键环节。基于归一化能量函数,利用最小归一化暂态动能曲线与临界切除时间的关系,提出一种并行计算临界切除时间的仿真算法,并且基于IEEE10机39节点系统和宁夏实际电网,对算法的有效性和速度进行了验证,说明算法能准确、快速稳定地计算临界切除时间。     

基于轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定约束最优潮流计算

为将暂态稳定约束最优潮流问题转化为最优潮流和暂态稳定两个子问题,根据暂态稳定计算结果求出发电机转角及转速相对于机械输入功率的轨迹灵敏度。基于轨迹灵敏度,计算出在最领先发电机和最落后发电机之间转移的有功功率,据此修改其在最优潮流模型中的有功功率上下限,从而实现两个子问题的交替求解。并且推导出准确的轨迹灵敏度及初值计算公式,利用上述公式,得更小的转移功率值,从而使功率转移后系统的优化程度更高。同时在惯性中心坐标下采用最大转角判据找出最领先机和最落后机,并以3机9节点和10机39节点系统为例,验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于稳定域边界二次近似的故障临界切除时间估计

基于故障后电力系统稳定域边界的二次近似来估计临界切除时间。在计算中,通过二次项系数矩阵分块来降维计算二次项系数,大大降低了二次项系数的计算量。临界切除时间由持续故障轨迹和主导不稳定平衡点(CUEP)所决定的稳定域边界二次近似的交点确定。在IEEE3机9节点系统和新英格兰10机39节点系统中的仿真表明了该方法的有效性,特别是对非发电机节点故障临界切除时间的估计精度较高,能够满足工程要求。     

直流受端电网暂态稳定协调优化控制方法

针对大容量直流闭锁故障导致的直流受端电网暂态频率和电压稳定问题,提出一种结合提升直流功率、交流滤波器投切、调相机强励磁以及切除负荷的多控制手段并行协调优化控制策略.应用轨迹灵敏度方法、结合PSD-BPA软件时域仿真结果计算暂态稳定裕度对各控制变量的灵敏度.根据直流有功功率与交流滤波器无功功率联锁关系推导了单一化函数约束表达式,以最小控制成本为目标、系统暂态稳定裕度为约束,考虑各控制变量控制成本差异和权重优先级,建立优化控制模型.基于C++平台设计实现了并行仿真计算与优化模型求解.以华东电网为例进行算例分析,验证了所提模型算法有效性.     

临界切除时间的解析灵敏度分析

本文首次推导了保留结构模型下临界切除时间对发电机出力灵敏度的解析表达式，详细地给出了用势能界面法（PEBS）求临界切除时间灵敏度的计算方法和过程。根据此灵敏度，可求出临界切除时间与发电机有功出力之间的关系，对系统进行暂态稳定预防控制，以提高系统的暂态稳定性。对两个试验系统计算的结果表明了本文方法的有效性和可行性。     

应用轨迹灵敏度计算临界切除时间新方法研究

文章提出对故障切除时间轨迹灵敏度的概念和算法。研究了将该轨迹灵敏度映射为（归一化和修正）能量函数的）最小动能灵敏度的方法。并应用上述结果发展了故障临界切除时间的灵敏度分析方法。该方法的优点是灵敏度分析对系统模型没有限制，且具有过程简单、计算效率高的特点。当故障切除时间略大于临界切除时间时，仅需要一次仿真就可以准确地估算临界切除时间。在工程上，该方法可用于快速分析故障的稳定裕度。在10机39节点新英格兰典型电力系统上分析结果验证了该临界切除时间估算算法的精度和有效性。     

Online critical clearing time estimation using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)

This paper describes an approach using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the assessment of online critical clearing time (CCT). The ANFIS can integrate neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, and has a potential to combine the advantages of both in a single framework. In this paper, the ANFIS is applied for the prediction of CCT by varying load levels and fault locations in buses and transmission lines. The IEEE 39-bus system and 9-bus western system coordinating council are tested and implemented in this study. All machines of the IEEE 39-bus system are considered as the classical model without considering any generator’s exciters. While three machines in the 9-bus western system coordinating council are considered as detailed models, forth-order differential equation is described for all machines by considering the excitation system controller. CCT values obtained by the time domain simulation method using step-by-step calculation are used as the benchmark. The power world version 17 is used for transient simulation, and the ANFIS is implemented using MATLAB version 2014B. The results obtained from the ANFIS approach are quite satisfied with high accurate solutions and much lower computation time. Finally, the graphical user interface in MATLAB is applied for the online CCT estimation of two test power systems by using appropriate ANFIS models obtained from simulations.     

基于单机无穷大母线等值和轨迹灵敏度的暂态稳定最优励磁控制

为进一步降低电力系统暂态稳定控制代价,提出通过最优控制系统快速动态装置的设定值来保证系统在故障情况下的暂态稳定性。基于单机无穷大母线等值和轨迹灵敏度法,提出暂态稳定最优励磁控制二次规划模型,通过调整发电机电压调节器参考电压设定值来控制系统的稳定性。根据单机无穷大母线等值,在暂态稳定最优励磁控制模型中引入严格的暂态稳定判据;并借助轨迹灵敏度和稳定裕度指标提高计算效率。采用稳定裕度指标后避免寻找临界稳定轨迹,从而节省大量仿真时间。在新英格兰39节点10机系统和某省级692节点138机实际系统上的仿真结果验证了所提算法的可行性和有效性。     

A new power system transient stability assessment method based on Type-2 fuzzy neural network estimation

Transient stability assessment (TSA) of large power systems by the conventional method is a time consuming task. For each disturbance many nonlinear equations should be solved that makes the problem too complex and will lead to delayed decisions in providing the necessary control signals for controlling the system. Nowadays new methods which are devise artificial intelligence techniques are frequently used for TSA problem instead of traditional methods. Unfortunately these methods are suffering from uncertainty in input measurements. Therefore, there is a necessity to develop a reliable and fast online TSA to analyze the stability status of power systems when exposed to credible disturbances. We propose a direct method based on Type-2 fuzzy neural network for TSA problem. The Type-2 fuzzy logic can properly handle the uncertainty which is exist in the measurement of power system parameters. On the other hand a multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network (NN) has expert knowledge and learning capability. The proposed hybrid method combines both of these capabilities to achieve an accurate estimation of critical clearing time (CCT). The CCT is an index of TSA in power systems. The Type-2 fuzzy NN is trained by fast resilient back-propagation algorithm. Also, in order to the proposed approach become scalable in a large power system, a NN based sensitivity analysis method is employed to select more effective input data. Moreover, In order to verify the performance of the proposed Type-2 fuzzy NN based method, it has been compared with a MLP NN method. Both of the methods are applied to the IEEE standard New England 10-machine 39-bus test system. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method in compare to the frequently used MLP NN based method in terms of accuracy and computational cost of CCT estimation for sample fault scenarios.     

Transient stability monitoring and preventive control based on CCT distribution factor

This paper proposes a monitoring and control method for transient stability (TS). First, it is clarified that there may exist various critical patterns of uncertain power flows causing instability due to photovoltaic generations. Then, the use of critical clearing time (CCT) is suggested as a TS index, which can be computed by conventional TS analysis tools. A distribution factor (DF) for controlling CCT is investigated, referred to as CCT‐DF in this paper. Then, three optimization problems using CCT‐DF are formulated based on bilevel optimization to obtain reliable operation planning. The combined use of the optimizations guarantees the power system robust security under uncertainties.     

Unified Analysis of Single Machine Equivalent and Trajectory Sensitivity to Formulate a Novel Transient Stability-constrained Optimal Power Flow Approach

Abstract—This article proposes a new transient stability constraint that permits quantifying the degree of instability of a power system from the active power dispatched by generators. Based on this constraint, which is derived from both single machine equivalent and trajectory sensitivity methods, a new transient stability-constrained optimal power flow is formulated in the Euclidian space to preventively control the transient stability in realistic power systems. The validity and the effectiveness of the proposed method are numerically demonstrated in the WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus and Mexican 46-machine, 190-bus systems.     

暂态稳定约束下期望收益最大的断面输电极限

基于机会约束规划理论,提出了暂态稳定约束下断面输电极限计算的随机模型。对给定的置信水平,模型中概率暂态稳定约束被转化为最小临界切除时间代数约束,结合泛函最优控制原理,上述随机模型被变换为线性不等式约束的数学规划模型。最后应用风险决策中的期望值准则,对不同置信水平下系统的收益损失进行综合评估,得到了系统在暂态稳定约束下期望收益最大的运行方案。39节点新英格兰系统上的仿真结果说明了所提方法的有效性和实用性。     

考虑暂态稳定约束的联络线最大传输功率计算

由于确定电力系统联络线最大功率时要考虑其故障时对系统暂态稳定的影响,故提出了一种基于能量函数灵敏度的考虑暂态稳定约束的联络线最大传输功率计算方法。该法首先确定网络在临界或失稳情况下的能量裕度及能量裕度对各发电机有功出力的灵敏度,再用等步长法和二分法按各发电机能量裕度灵敏度的大小调整有功出力,结合时域仿真法的判稳校验求出考虑暂态稳定约束的联络线极限传输功率。该法计算简单、快速,较好的解决了考虑暂态稳定约束后计算负担过重和直接法偏于保守的问题。2个算例仿真测试证实了该法的有效性。