Preparation and characterization of CA-MA eutectic/silicon dioxide nanoscale composite phase change material from water glass via sol-gel method

This work mainly involved the preparation of a nano-scale form-stable phase change material(PCM) consisting of capric and myristic acid(CA-MA) binary eutectic acting as thermal absorbing material and nano silicon dioxide(nano-SiO_2) serving as the supporting material. Industrial water glass for preparation of the nano silicon dioxide matrix and CA-MA eutectic mixture were compounded by single-step sol-gel method with the silane coupling agent. The morphology, chemical characterization and form stability property of the composite PCM were investigated by transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier-transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy and polarizing microscopy(POM). It was indicated that the average diameter of the composite PCM particle ranged from 30-100 nm. The CA-MA eutectic was immobilized in the network pores constructed by the Si-O bonds so that the composite PCM was allowed no liquid leakage above the melting temperature of the CA-MA eutectic. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) measurement were conducted to investigate the thermal properties and stability of the composite PCM. From the measurement results, the mass fraction of the CA-MA eutectic in the composite PCM was about 40%. The phase change temperature and latent heat of the composite were determined to be 21.15 ℃ and 55.67 J/g, respectively. Meanwhile, thermal conductivity of the composite was measured to be 0.208 W·m~(-1)·K~(-1) by using the transient hot-wire method. The composite PCM was able to maintain the surrounding temperature close to its phase change temperature and behaved well in thermalregulated performance which was verified by the heat storage-release experiment. This kind of form-stable PCM was supposed to complete thermal insulation even temperature regulation by the dual effect of relatively low thermal conductivity and phase change thermal storage-release properties. So it can be formulated that the nanoscale CA-MA/SiO_2 composite PCM with the form-stable property, good thermal storage capacity and relatively low thermal conductivity can be applied for energy conservation as a kind of thermal functional material.     

Microstructure and Characterization of Capric-stearic Acid/Modified Expanded Vermiculite Thermal Storage Composites

In order to improve the thermal storage capacity of expanded vermiculite(EV) based formstable composite PCM(FS-PCM) via organic modification of EV, first, EV was modified with a sodium stearate(Na St) as surface modifier, and organic EV(OEV) with hydrophobicity and higher adsorption capacity for fatty acid was obtained. A novel capric-stearic acid eutectic(CA-SA)/OEV FS-PCM with high thermal storage capacity was then developed. OEV and CA-SA/OEV were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), thermal gravimetry(TG), and thermal cycling test. Results showed that OEV has obvious hydrophobicity and a higher adsorption capacity for fatty acid. Its adsorption ratio has increased by 48.71% compared with that of EV. CA-SA/OEV possesses high thermal storage density(112.52 J/g), suitable melting temperature(20.49 ℃), good chemical compatibility, excellent thermal stability and reliability, indicating great application potential for building energy efficiency. Moreover, organic modification of inorganic matrix may offer novel options for improving its adsorption capacity for organic PCMs and increasing heat storage capacity of corresponding FS-PCMs.     

制备工艺对SA/ATTP复合储热材料结构和性能的影响

以硬脂酸为相变材料,以甘肃临泽工业级凹凸棒石为载体,采用热熔法和溶液浸渍法制备了2种硬脂酸/凹凸棒石复合相变储热材料,采用FTIR、XRD、DSC和SEM等手段进行了结构表征和性能测试。结构分析结果表明制备方法对材料的结构和形貌不会产生影响,2种材料具有相似的形貌和结构,SA分别以38.64%和29.13%的比例以物理作用吸附于ATTP表面。性能分析结果表明热熔法和浸渍法制备的复合储热材料其相变温度峰值分别为57.3℃和55.2℃,相变潜热分别为68.71J/g和51.79J/g,均具有较好的储热能力和化学稳定性,且储热能力和SA在ATTP表面的吸附率成正比,但热循环实验表明浸渍法制备的复合材料的热稳定性较差。结合储热性能、储热稳定性和化学稳定性的研究,证明熔融法更适合于制备建筑智能调温和建筑节能相变复合材料。     

Preparation and Properties of Paraffin/PMMA Shape-stabilized Phase Change Material for Building Thermal Energy Storage

The composite phase change material(PCM) consisting of phase change paraffin(PCP) and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) was prepared as a novel type of shape-stabilized PCM for building energy conservation through the method of bulk polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, phase change temperature and enthalpy, and mechanical properties of the composite PCM were studied to evaluate the encapsulation effect of PMMA on PCP and determine the optimal composition proportion. FTIR and SEM results revealed that PCP was physically immobilized in the PMMA so that its leakage from the composite was prevented. Based on the thermo-physical and mechanical properties investigations, the optimal mass fraction of PCP in the composite was determined as 70%. The phase change temperature of the composite was close to that of PCP, and its latent heat was equivalent to the calculated value according to the mass fraction of PCP in the composite. For estimating the usability in practical engineering, thermal stability, reliability and temperature regulation performance of the composite were also researched by TG analysis, thermal cycling treatments and heating-cooling test. The results indicated that PCP/PMMA composite PCM behaved good thermal stability depending on the PMMA protection and its latent heat degraded little after 500 thermal cycling. Temperature regulation performance of the composite before and after thermal cycling was both noticeable due to its latent heat absorption and release in the temperature variation processes. The PCP/PMMA phase change plate was fabricated and applied as thermal insulator in miniature concrete box to estimate its temperature regulation effect under the simulated environmental condition. It can be concluded that this kind of PCP/PMMA shape-stabilized PCM with the advantages of no leakage, suitable phase change temperature and enthalpy, good thermal stability and reliability, and effective temperature regulation performance have much potential for thermal energy storage in building energy conservation.     

膨胀石墨/石蜡定形相变蓄热太阳能集热器传热行为模拟分析

太阳能光热利用是解决能源危机及环境问题的有效途径之一.基于高导热定形相变材料的太阳能集热器可以实现集热、热量输运及储能于一体,有效实现高效太阳能光热利用.以石蜡(PA)为相变储能材料,膨胀石墨(EG)作为支撑材料及导热和光吸收添加剂,制备了兼具高效光热转换、快速热量输运和高密度能量储存的EG/PA定形相变材料用于蓄热太...     

有机相变储热复合材料的储/放热性能研究

以高孔隙率泡沫石墨材料作为骨架在真空环境下吸附石蜡,制备而成新型有机相变储热复合材料。利用HotDisk热常数分析仪和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了其热性能,结果证明复合材料的导热能力得到了极大强化。对分别填充了复合材料和纯石蜡的以水作为热媒的储热槽进行了实验研究,重点考察了两者在储热和放热过程中的温度均匀性、储能速率及泡沫石墨对石蜡相变的影响,同时就泡沫石墨的孔隙率大小对复合材料导热性能和储能速率的影响规律进行了对比分析。研究表明,复合材料的相变温度区间基本不变,导热性能提高了21倍,相变时间缩短了56%以上,相变界面移动加快,储热槽的储热、放热性能和储能密度有了很大提高;不同孔隙率会影响复合材料的导热系数、储能速率和储能容量,在提高储能速率和保证储能容量两者之间,选择孔隙率为91%的泡沫石墨作为复合材料骨架应是一最佳值。     

Multiple structure graphite stabilized stearic acid as composite phase change materials for thermal energy storageOA

This paper used 3 types of graphite with different physical structures as the porous matrix to prepare composite phase change materials(PCMs), and investigated their photo-thermal conversion performance and application in battery thermal management. Multiple structure graphite minerals, including microcrystalline graphite(MG), scale graphite(SG), and expanded graphite(EG) were used as porous matrix,while stearic acid(SA) acts as the phase change material. The vacuum impregnation method was appli...     

复合墙体中相变层相对导热系数计算方法

目前相变材料已初步进入工程应用阶段,由于传热过程受比热、导热系数变化及相变作用的影响,相变材料不能像普通材料一样利用导热系数进行材料比选,其热工设计指标的选择具有一定的困难.为此,提出相对导热系数作为相变材料比选的热物性指标,并给出相应的计算方法用以指导相变墙体的热工设计.在一定环境条件下与定物性材料导热能力相同的导热系数定义为相变应用周期内相变材料的相对导热系数.根据此方法计算得到中国不同地区复合墙体相变层的相对导热系数,通过该参数直观地反映出相变材料层全年的动态传热特性,从而对相变材料在不同地区建筑中的应用效果进行评估.通过将不同相变层的相对导热系数进行对比,得出不同相变材料在建筑中的应用效果差异较大.本文提出的相对导热系数能够为不同环境条件下相变材料的优选进行有效指导.     

纳米填料对储能式散热器性能影响的数值研究

针对储能式电子器件散热器性能受相变材料较低导热能力限制的问题,采用添加高导热纳米填料的方法提高相变材料的表观导热系数,并对储能式散热器的性能提升潜力进行分析. 在短时大功率加热(热流密度为10 W/cm2)的条件下,对以二十烷为相变材料的储能式散热器在添加碳纳米管填料之后的工作过程(熔化和凝固传热)进行了三维数值模拟. 结果显示,由于相变材料表观导热系数的提高,散热器的性能随碳纳米管添加量的增加而提升,其提升程度与添加量呈近似线性相关| 当加入体积分数为10%的碳纳米管时,散热表面的最大温升相对于无碳纳米管的情形降低了8 ℃,散热器的等效总热阻则降低了14%,说明该方法是提高储能式散热器性能的有效途径．     

Role of Composite Phase Change Material on the Thermal Performance of a Latent Heat Storage System: Experimental Investigation

复合相变材料对潜热储能系统中热性能作用的实验研究

Jasim Abdulateef¹, Ahmed F. Hasan^2*,Mustafa S. Mahdi²

（1. 迪亚拉大学 机械工程系,巴古拜 32001,伊拉克;2.迪亚拉大学 化学工程系,巴古拜 32001,伊拉克）

摘要：

石蜡是可用于潜热储能系统单元（LHSU）的理想的相变材料（PCM）。这种潜热储能单元的使用因相变材料导热性差而受到限制。本文采用铝和相变材料制成的金属泡沫生产复合相变材料,以此作为相变材料-潜热储能单元中的导热材料,并使用水作为传热流体（HTF）。通过实验,评估了使用纯相变材料和复合相变材料的潜热储能单元的传热特性。研究包括熔化和凝固过程中相变材料的时变可视化。此外,热存储室内放置一个热电偶网络,记录每个过程的温度分布。结果表明,复合相变材料-潜热储能单元在熔化和凝固过程中均表现出较好的性能。由于金属泡沫的作用,复合相变材料-潜热储能单元的熔化时间比简单的相变材料-潜热储能单元快83%左右,凝固时间减少85%左右。

关键词：相变材料;金属泡沫;潜热;复合相变材料

     

CaCl2·6H2O/EG复合相变材料的制备与性能研究

为了改善六水氯化钙的蓄放热性能,以六水氯化钙为相变材料（PCM）、膨胀石墨（EG）为载体、六水氯化锶为成核剂,采用物理吸附法制备六水氯化钙/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,研究复合相变材料的热物理特性. 采用步冷曲线法,研究复合相变材料的过冷度、蓄/放热性能和热循环稳定性;采用扫描电镜、差示扫描量热法、热流计导热仪,对复合相变材料的显微形貌、相变潜热、相变温度、比热容和导热系数进行测定. 结果表明：在六水氯化钙中添加质量分数为10%的膨胀石墨和质量分数为2%的六水氯化锶,复合相变材料的相变潜热为151.6 J/g,导热系数提升至3.328 W/(m·K),过冷度保持在2 °C以内. 相变材料的导热系数及过冷度得到显著改善.     

相变墙房间复合墙板性能优化研究

目的由于相变墙板特殊的传热性能及不同的外界条件，有必要对相变墙板性能进行优化，使得相变墙板在设计和使用性能上得到改善，方法通过计算基材和相变材料混合制得的相变墙板的当量导热系数、分析相变材料在相变墙板中相对密度与吸放热关系、利用拉式变换法给出板壁围护结构的传递矩阵．对相变墙房间的复合墙板性能进行优化研究．结果得到以石膏板为基材制得相变墙板的当量导热系数要大于以麦壳石膏板为基材的相变墙板的当量导热系数．从热流的角度分析，墙板厚度增加一倍在单位时间内单位面积通过墙板的传热量就会减少50％．结论选用导热系数大的基材有利于墙体中相变材料的蓄热和放热，及相变墙板的选择应尽量采用薄的、相变材料(PCM)相对密度大的墙板．同时为了获得对外扰较大的衰减和延迟应将相变墙板放在房间内表面．     

膨润土/月桂酸/鳞片石墨定型储热材料的制备及性能

采用天然膨润土和月桂酸分别作为支撑基体和相变材料,通过真空浸渍法合成复合相变储热材料。结果表明,添加鳞片石墨不仅提高复合相变储热材料的导热特性,而且阻止相变材料从复合相变材料中泄露。制备的复合相变储热材料经历200次热循环实验后,仍具有较好的可靠性,具备在热能存储系统中应用的较大潜力。     

A new kind of shape-stabilized phase change materials

Based on the lowest melting point and Schroeder’s theoretical calculation formula,nano- modified organic composite phase change materials(PCMs)were prepared.The phase transition temperature and the latent heat of the materials were 24℃and 172 J/g,respectively.A new shape-stabilized phase change materials were prepared,using high density polyethylene as supporting material.The PCM kept the shape when temperature was higher than melting point.Thus,it can directly contact with heat transfer media.The structure,morphology and thermal behavior of PCM were analyzed by FTIR,SEM and DSC.     

Preparation of palygorskite-based phase change composites for thermal energy storage and their applications in Trombe walls

Palygorskite/paraffin phase-change composites were prepared by the combination of purified palygorskite clay and sliced paraffin. Then, this composite was used in the Trombe wall to improve its energy storage ability. Further, its energy storage ability was compared to that of ordinary concrete wall through contrastive test. The experiments show that palygorskite clay is a type of clay mineral with strong adsorption ability, and the purity of natural palygorskite clay can reach up to 97.1% after certain purification processes. Paraffin is well adsorbed by palygorskite, and the test results show that the optimal adsorption ratio is palygorskite: paraffin = 2:1 (mass ratio). Palygorskite/paraffin phase change composites can be obtained by using palygorskite as the adsorbing medium to adsorb paraffin. The composite materials exhibit good heat storage (release) performance, which can store heat with increasing environment temperature and release heat with decreasing temperature. This property not only increases the inertia to environment temperature change, but also promotes the energy migration in different time and space, thus achieving a certain energy-saving effect. The application of palygorskite/paraffin phase change composite materials to the Trombe wall can significantly reduce the fluctuation of indoor temperature and enhance the thermal inertia of indoor environment. From the aspect of energy storage effect, the Trombe wall fabricated using PCMs is significantly superior to the concrete wall with the same thickness.     

中温相变蓄热装置的蓄放热性能研究

以相变温度为80℃的相变蓄热装置为研究对象,根据建立的相变传热分析模型,应用数值模拟的方法,研究了蓄热体——相变材料的热物性参数、几何尺寸、填充率,以及热媒体——热水的流速等因素对蓄热装置蓄、放热规律及其特性的影响．研究结果表明,当板状定形相变材料的导热系数在0．4W/(m·K)左右、板厚为8 mm、相变材料的填充率在65%～75%、热媒体流速为5～8mm/s时,蓄热装置可获得较高的蓄、放热效率．     

偶联剂改性填料对SEBS/PP复合材料性能的影响

采用异丙基三（二辛基焦磷酸酰氧基）钛酸酯（NDZ-201）偶联剂和3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH-550）偶联剂对碳酸钙和滑石粉无机纳米填料进行表面改性处理,然后与聚苯乙烯-聚乙烯-聚丁烯-聚苯乙烯（SEBS）和聚丙烯（PP）在双螺杆挤出机上进行共混制备SEBS/PP/填料复合材料,研究偶联剂及其改性填料对SEBS/PP复合材料的力学性能、加工行为、微观结构和热性能的影响. 实验结果表明,NDZ-201与KH-550复配改性的填料在复合材料中分散均匀,形成的相界面模糊,有效提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、300%定伸强度和邵氏A硬度. 少量的改性滑石粉会在复合体系中比较均匀地分散,起到增强作用;当其用量较多时,会不均匀地分散在SEBS/PP基体中,不同程度地发生附聚或粉聚的现象,导致材料某些性能下降. 随着改性滑石粉用量的增加,复合材料的热稳定性提高,当滑石粉的用量为15 g时,复合材料的分解温度提高了10 ℃.     

单／多层定形相变蓄热板系统的传热性能和调温效果研究

为研究脂肪酸／聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）基定形相变蓄热板的传热性能和节能效果,以三种相变温度不同的脂肪酸二元低共熔物／PMMA定形相变蓄热板为实验对象,对单层相变蓄热板和多层组合式相变蓄热板系统的基本热工参数和传热效果进行了测试,并将定形相变蓄热板应用在地板蓄／放热系统,采用相变模拟箱实验测试了定形相变蓄热板的调控温效果。     

Experimental study on thermophysical properties of C/C composites at high temperature

Ablationthermalprotectivecompositesarethekeystructureofspacevehiclesprotectingthemfromaerody namicheatingduringtheirreentryintotheaerosphere.Thecarbonmatrixcompositesarethemostpromisingablationmaterialsusedinthisenvironmentduetotheirpotentiallyfavorablepr…     

PU/PVDF 基复合材料的制备及介电性

以聚氨酯(PU)和聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为基体,以羟基化碳纳米管(MCNTs-OH)为填料,通过溶液共混法制备了PU/PVDF基复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的微观形貌进行了表征,利用宽频介电与阻抗谱仪对复合材料的导电性和介电性能进行了测试。结果表明,在MCNTs-OH质量分数为2%, PU/PVDF质量比为1:1时,MCNTs-OH更倾向于分散在PU基体中;其在1.15 kHz的电导率达到最小值,只有78.5 nS/m;虽然该复合材料在频率1.15 kHz下的介电常数最低,但其数值仍高达393.08,而且其介电损耗也最小,低至0.31,具有良好的介电性能。