多功能融合智能化高压变量活塞电机泵马达的能量回收特性分析

为研究海水淡化的能量回收效率问题,采用AMESim软件对电机泵马达的液压系统进行整体仿真,研究在输入不同转速下的电机泵马达的流量特性及能量回收率。为验证仿真结果的准确性,建立电机泵马达测试试验台,将试验结果与仿真结果进行对比。结果表明：在生产等量淡水的情况下,带有马达能量回收的装置相较于不带马达功率回收的装置节能效果更明显,且适当提高转速能够增加节能效果;由于试验过程产生泄漏,使得泵与马达侧的试验流量低于仿真流量,但随着电机转速的提升,泵侧流量的差值逐渐增大,而马达侧的流量差值逐渐降低;在额定转速1 500 r/min的工况下,马达能量回收装置的能效利用率达到了95%以上。     

双向变量液压泵试验台功率回收系统分析

功率回收方式双向变量液压泵试验台采用了恒压变量泵作为功率回收马达的补偿泵,并利用其功能调定系统压力。本文介绍了该试验台功率回收的原理和方法,并对其功率回收效果进行分析。由计算结果得到该系统功率回收率为0．71,节约了能源。     

功率回收型液压抽油机的设计与研究

我公司设计并试制的一种功率回收型液压抽油机,利用液压二次元件(可用做泵或马达)技术,将抽油机抽油杆下行过程中的重力势能进行回收。同时,在不同载荷、冲次下,分别对蓄能器回收重力势能、飞轮回收重力势能以及两者同时回收重力势能进行试验、比较和试验数据分析,为功率回收型液压抽油机的设计提供了参考。     

新型多段液压机械无级变速器效率特性分析

介绍了泵、马达的近似效率计算公式和闭式变量泵-马达系统效率随转速、油压、排量变化的算法.导出了闭式行星齿轮传动产生功率循环的条件和液压机械无级变速器(HMCVT)典型结构的效率计算公式.描述了包含输入功率、泵马达排量、功率循环等因素时效率计算的合理步骤,对新型多段HMCVT进行了效率计算.结果表明:新型多段HMCVT的平均效率高于0.93,但随传动比、传递功率及转速的变化存在波动;控制传动比在泵排量为零的附近调节,可保证HMCVT高效率工作.     

功率反馈式闭式液压泵、液压马达系统研究

对闭式系统中泵、马达之间的功率匹配进行了研究.在系统中采用了功率反馈的形式,提高了使用效率,降低了装机功率;系统中的变速箱能够实现不同转速的泵、马达的正常工作;换向补油装置则能保证泵、马达在换向工作下的正常补油,同时也解决了闭式系统中常见的发热及过滤等问题.     

一种新型液压试验台的研制

提出一种新的液压试验台模式:综合模式,能够实现能量回收模式和常规模式两种模式下双向变量液压泵、马达的性能测试,充分发挥能量回收模式和普通模式的互补作用,实现较小功率的恒压变量泵驱动较大功率被测泵、马达,还可以用常规模式来解决能量回收模式下测试功能不全、流量无法计量等问题。该试验台中,以往能量回收模式下系统压力变化过快、压力脉动大、被测泵和驱动马达流量不匹配等问题被优化,压力调节调节精度高、范围较广,节能效果和系统响应都明显增强。以具体的检测实例来说明该试验台工作原理和创新之处,在常规模式和能量回收模式下分别对被测泵输出压力进行检测和对比,系统运行稳定可靠,达到了预期的设计要求。     

液压驱动惯性系统能量回收的节能试验研究

针对液压驱动惯性系统提出了电容储能式液压马达能量回收的节能方案.搭建了液压马达能量回收试验台,进行了能量回收过程中的能量转化效率和节能效果的试验研究.试验结果表明,在液压驱动惯性系统中采用液压马达进行能量回收和发电机转速控制执行元件运动速度的节能方案是可行的.     

变量泵试验中的变工况能量回收技术研究

基于液压系统的能量回收技术,分析了液压泵和马达实验中的功率回收,提出了在变工况条件下的功率回收方法,对控制系统的响应进行了分析,为实验系统功率回收设计提供了参考.     

工程机械用液压马达剩余寿命预测

为了进行工程机械用液压马达剩余寿命预测,基于容积效率、Wiener过程以及支持向量机回归,提出一种剩余寿命预测方法。开展液压马达全寿命试验,运用非线性支持向量机回归算法处理原始数据,基于极大似然估计法和贝叶斯更新策略建立Wiener过程模型,完成液压马达剩余寿命预测。结果表明：液压马达容积效率随冲击次数变化有明显下降趋势;非线性支持向量机回归在考虑退化数据随机性的基础上提高了规律性;基于Wiener过程的剩余寿命预测方法能够准确、可靠地预测液压马达的剩余服役寿命。     

基于响应面法的双螺杆泵容积效率建模优化

双螺杆泵容积效率的影响因素复杂且容积效率计算困难。为解决此问题,提出一种基于理论模型及响应面法相结合的容积效率建模优化方法。基于平行平板液流理论建立双螺杆泵效率理论模型,进行敏感度分析,筛选出影响泵容积效率的最敏感设计参数为间隙、压差及动力黏度。基于正交试验和响应面法,通过有限元数值仿真分析,建立泵容积效率与敏感参数的拟合关系模型。仿真结果表明所选择的敏感参数对效率影响均显著。基于该拟合关系模型,以容积效率为优化目标,建立优化模型并求解,获得最优敏感参数组合,使泵容积效率显著提高。所提优化方法可降低仿真计算的复杂性,提高理论模型的精度。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.