降雨和库水位升降条件下考虑非饱和渗透系数空间变异的边坡可靠度分析

降雨和水位升降对库岸边坡具有显著影响,传统确定性分析难以准确评估其稳定性。考虑降雨和水位升降联合作用下水力参数的空间变异性,进行非饱和土边坡可靠度分析具有重要意义。以赣江库区中的莒洲岛边坡为研究对象,以贝叶斯方法校准的多元水力参数的联合随机场为基础,建立非饱和土边坡的稳定性分析方法。根据有限的岩土力学室内试验数据,采用贝叶斯方法校准土水特征曲线的模型参数,并从VGM、VGB、VG和FX模型中选出最优模型;联合多元水力参数的随机统计特征,生成非饱和土边坡渗透系数的随机场空间分布;针对2021年5月赣江水位快速升降并伴随暴雨的工程背景,将上述方法应用于莒洲岛库岸边坡的稳定性分析。研究结果表明,暴雨与水位变化的联合作用对边坡安全系数的影响显著,确定性分析的边坡安全系数偏低,考虑非饱和渗透系数空间变异性后计算所得到的SWCC综合可靠指标不能满足规范要求,需采取额外的边坡工程加固措施以保证边坡的长期稳定性。     

Influence of elevated curing temperature on the properties of cement paste and concrete at the same hydration degree

Three different curing temperatures(20 ℃, 40 ℃, and 60 ℃) were set, so that the nonevaporable water(w_n) contents of plain cement pastes cured at these three temperatures were measured to determine the hydration degree of cement. Tests were carried out to compare the pore structure and strength of cement paste, as well as the strength and permeability of concrete under different temperature curing conditions when their cements were cured to the same hydration degree. The experimental results show that either at a relatively low hydration degree(w_n=15%) or high hydration degree(w_n=16.5%), elevated curing temperature has little influence on the hydration products of cement paste, while it has a negative influence on the pore structure and compressive strength of cement paste. However, this negative effect is weaker at high hydration degree. The large capillary pore(100 nm) volumes of cement pastes remain almost the same at high hydration degree, regardless of curing temperatures. As for the concrete, elevated curing temperature also has negative influence on its compressive strength development, at both low hydration degree and high hydration degree. And this negative effect is stronger than that on cement paste's compressive strength at the same hydration degree. On the whole, elevated curing temperature has little influence on the resistance of concrete to chloride ion penetration.     

小浪底水库1~#滑坡非饱和土土-水特性试验研究

通过小浪底1#滑坡非饱和土三轴试验对非饱和土土-水特性及围压对基质吸力的影响进行分析.结果表明:基质吸力随体积含水率的增大而连续减小;天然含水率非饱和土工程性质受含水率的影响很大;相同体积含水率试件的基质吸力随围压的增大而非线性减小,含水率同基质吸力之间的关系是连续的.利用多项式函数模型对土-水特征曲线进行拟合并建立土-水特征方程,同时探讨了土-水特征曲线与强度之间的关系并依此建立强度公式.     

常吸力下非饱和土柱孔扩张弹塑性解及饱和度响应

为研究非饱和土中常吸力条件下圆孔扩张的应力-应变特性及饱和度响应,基于非饱和土临界状态模型(UCSM)和考虑水力滞回的土水特征曲线(SWCC),引入常吸力下饱和度随孔隙比非线性变化模型,推导非饱和土中柱孔扩张问题的排水半解析解。根据柱孔周围土单元平衡微分方程,考虑边界条件,引入辅助坐标将问题转化为以3个主应力分量、孔隙比和饱和度为基本未知量的一阶微分方程组进行求解。本解答充分考虑基质吸力和超固结比对柱孔扩张响应的影响,探究扩张过程中柱孔周围土体的应力分布和体积变化,以及扩张过程中饱和度的演化规律。结果表明：非饱和土常吸力柱孔扩张过程中,呈现吸力硬化特性,且吸力硬化特性随着吸力增大而趋于稳定;孔壁及周围土体饱和度在扩张过程中变化显著,且受吸力大小的影响较大;当吸力较低时,饱和度主要受含水量变化的影响;当吸力较高时,饱和度主要受孔隙比变化的影响。本文的解答可以很好地捕捉非饱和土体不同应力历史和水力状态下的饱和度响应,可为非饱和土中静力触探试验等原位试验的解释提供指导。     

Thermal analysis of Vitamin C affecting low-temperature oxidation of coal

Simultaneous thermal analysis was used to study the influence of Vitamin C as possible chemical additive inhibiting coal oxidation process at low temperature. Some oxidation characteristics of Vitamin C affecting the coal oxidation were investigated at different heating rates. The TG-DSC data show that the impact of Vitamin C on coal oxidation process can be directly evaluated using ignition temperature and critical temperature. Comparison with the effect of water on coal oxidation shows that Vitamin C is more efficient than water. However, the blank experiment conducted with inert α-Al_2O_3 also suggests that Vitamin C can decompose at about 200 ℃, which limits the usage of Vitamin C on inhibiting coal oxidation.     

花岗岩残积土的土-水特征曲线参数概率

土-水特征曲线（SWCC）用于描述非饱和土中含水量与基质吸力的关系,在非饱和土力学中具有重要的作用。在SWCC拟合模型中有多个拟合参数,各值通过实验方法获得且具有很大的不确定性。采用贝叶斯理论对拟合参数的不确定性进行分析,将SWCC拟合参数作为随机变量,采用Van Genuchten模型拟合花岗岩残积土的土-水特征曲线试验数据。以马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法的延迟拒绝适应性算法获得模型参数后验分布抽样,获得了不同置信区间的SWCC及其对应参数值。     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> permeability of fractured coal subject to confining pressures and elevated temperature: Experiments and modeling

The CO₂ permeability of fractured coal is of great significance to both coalbed gas extraction and CO₂ storage in coal seams, but the effects of high confining pressure, high injection pressure and elevated temperature on the CO₂ permeability of fractured coal with different fracture extents have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, the CO₂ permeability of fractured coals sampled from a Pingdingshan coal mine in China and artificially fractured to a certain extent is investigated through undrained triaxial tests. The CO₂ permeability is measured under the confining pressure with a range of 10–25 MPa, injection pressure with a range of 6–12 MPa and elevated temperature with a range of 25–70°C. A mechanistic model is then proposed to characterize the CO₂ permeability of the fractured coals. The effects of thermal expansion, temperature-induced reduction of adsorption capacity, and thermal micro-cracking on the CO₂ permeability are explored. The test results show that the CO₂ permeability of naturally fractured coal saliently increases with increasing injection pressure. The increase of confining pressure reduces the permeability of both naturally fractured coal and secondarily fractured coal. It is also observed that initial fracturing by external loads can enhance the permeability, but further fracturing reduces the permeability. The CO₂ permeability decreases with the elevation of temperature if the temperature is lower than 44°C, but the permeability increases with temperature once the temperature is beyond 44°C. The mechanistic model well describes these compaction mechanisms induced by confining pressure, injection pressure and the complex effects induced by elevated temperature.     

Water permeability parameters of dermal fibroblast employed in tissue engineering in subzero temperatures

In the construction of the tissue engineered dermal equivalent, the dermal fibroblast plays a crucial role[1]. While the fibroblasts need time to proliferate, synthesize, and se-crete extracellular matrix in the three-dimensional scaffold postseeding, a degradablescaffold commences disintegration over time. This may lead to an unusable product, if proper preservation does not conduct. Cryopreservation could solve this problem. The possibility of the long-term banking of cells and tissues would…     

Reaction mechanism and microstructure evolution of reaction sintered <Emphasis Type="Italic">h</Emphasis>-BN

Hexagonal boron nitride ceramic (h-BN) based on the nitridation of B powders was obtained by reaction sintering method. The effects of sintering temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the resultant products were investigated and the reaction mechanism was discussed. Results showed that the reaction between B and N₂ occurred vigorously at temperatures ranging from 1 000 °C to 1 300 °C, which resulted in the generation of t-BN. When the temperature exceeded 1 450 °C, transformation from t-BN to h-BN began to occur. As the sintering temperature increased, the spherical particles of t-BN gradually transformed into fine sheet particles of h-BN. These particles subsequently displayed a compact arrangement to achieve a more uniform microstructure, thereby increasing the strength.     

Determination of the desiccation behavior of clay slurries

The main objective of this study was to determine the desiccation behavior of clay slurries. A clay slurry with high water adsorption capacity(W_L = 180%,W_P 60%,W_s = 20) was used to determine the soil water characteristic curve(SWCC), shrinkage curve, and hydraulic conductivity. The last parameter was determined similar to the Instantaneous Profile Method using evaporation tests. Results indicated that the clay slurry had an air entry value(AEV) of 1000 kPa and a residual suction of 5000 kPa that occurred at the plastic limit and the shrinkage limit, respectively. The discrepancy between theoretical and measured shrinkage limit was due to the gradual increase in clay particle contact. Unlike soils, the saturated hydraulic conductivity varied by two orders of magnitude(4×10 ~10 m/s at 20 kPa to 3 x 10 ~12 m/s at AEV). The unsaturated k further decreased to 10 ~14 m/s at 6 x 10~4 kPa beyond which vapor flow took place.     

Synthesis of MnxZn（1-x）Fe2O4 Nanopartieles by Ball-milling Hydrothermal Method

SMnxZn1-xFe2O4 （x=1,0.9,0.8,0.7,0.6,0.5,0.25,0） nanoparticles were prepared by ball-milling hydrothermal and investigated by X-ray diffraction, DTG and TEM. Nanocrystallite grain size was determined by X-ray linewidth to be from 63 A to 274 A. The thermal properties indicate absorbed water still remain at low temperature, crystalline wate will be decomposed from 230 ℃ to 260 ℃, partial Mn^2＋ will be oxidized near 730 ℃. TEM shows the ferrite particles pocess a spherical morphology and uniform nanosize.     

Thermal-mechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced geopolymer matrix composites subjected to thermal load

Short carbon fiber preform reinforced geopolymer composites containing different contents of α-Al₂O₃ filler (C_f(α-Al₂O₃)/geopolymer composites) were fabricated, and the effects of heat treatment temperatures up to 1 200 °C on the thermal-mechanical properties were studied. The results show that the thermal shrinkage in the direction perpendicular to the lamination of the composites gradually increases with the increase of the heat treatment temperatures from room temperature (25 °C) to 1 000 °C. However, the composites in the direction parallel to the lamination show an expansion behavior. Beyond 1 000 °C, in the two directions the composites exhibit a larger degree of shrinkage due to the densification and crystallization. The mechanical properties of the composites show the minimum values in the temperature range from 600 to 800 °C as the hydration water of geopolymer matrix is lost. The addition of α-Al₂O₃ particle filler into the composites clearly increases the onset crystalline temperature of leucite (KAlSi₂O₆) from the amorphous geopolymer matrix. In addition, the addition of α-Al₂O₃ particles into the composites can not only help to keep volume stable at high temperatures but also effectively improve the mechanical properties of the composites subjected to thermal load to a certain extent. The main toughening mechanisms of the composites subjected to thermal load are attributed to fiber pulling-out.     

Microstructure and flow stress of Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy

The microstructure and flow stress of the Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy was investigated by compression test at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 ℃ and the strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 20 s-1. The flow stress of the magnesium alloy increased with strain rate and decreased with deformation temperature. Flow stress can be expressed in terms of the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z, which describes the combined influence of the strain rate and temperature using an Arrhenius function.The values of the deformation activation energy were estimated to be 245.9 and 171.5 kJ/mol at deformation temperatures below 400 ℃ and above 400 ℃, respectively. Two constitutive equations were developed to quantify the effect of the deformation conditions on the flow stress of the magnesium alloy. The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the microstructure of the magnesium alloy were also examined and quantified by measuring the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grain Xd. Xd increased with increasing of deformation temperature. When the deformation temperature was below 475 ℃, Xd decreased with strain rate until it reached 0.15 s-1, then it increased again. When the deformation temperature was above 475 ℃, Xd increased with strain rate.     

Development of Zr/ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> high temperature and high pressure sensors for <Emphasis Type="Italic">in-situ</Emphasis> measuring chemical parameters of deep-sea water

In order to in situ measure chemical parameters of deep-sea water and hydrothermal fluids at midocean ridge(MOR), it is necessary to use high temperature and high pressure chemical sensors.Developing new sensors is essential to measure in-situ pH and other chemical parameters(dissolved H2, dissolved H2S) of deep-sea water and hydrothermal fluids in a wide temperature range(2℃―400℃) at MOR vents.The YSZ(Yttria Stabilized Zirconia, 9%Y2O3) ceramic-based(HgO/Hg) chemical sensors possess excellent electrochemic...     

土水特征曲线为直线的非饱和土一维固结计算

基于Bishop有效应力原理,将土水特征曲线与固结方程相结合,提出土水特征曲线为简单直线型的非饱和土一维固结的计算方法.假定土体固结分为2个阶段:第一阶段为不排水、不排气阶段,土体的变形只是因为气体压缩所引起的;第二阶段为排水、排气阶段,土体的变形是因为孔隙水和孔隙气的排出而引起的.在此过程的基础上,建立并求解非饱和土一维固结方程,分析影响非饱和土一维固结的因素.影响非饱和土一维固结速率的最重要因素是孔隙流体的渗流路径.在相同边界条件下,非饱和土固结过程与饱和土固结过程中孔隙流体压力沿深度的分布随时间的变化规律相同.     

Temperature dependency of dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt paste by DMTA method

We investigated the temperature dependency of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt paste by the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis(DMTA) method. The experimental results show that the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt pastes are sensitive to temperature due to the inclusion of asphalt, and may go through different states within a temperature range of-40 ℃ to 60 ℃, which is different from that of pure cement and asphalt. As the temperature of the cement asphalt paste increases, a considerable change of dynamic mechanical properties, including storage modulus(E'), loss modulus(E') and loss factor(tand) is observed. Moreover, the influence of asphalt to cement(A/C) ratio on the temperature sensitivity of the dynamic mechanical properties of cement asphalt composites was investigated. The temperature dependency of cement asphalt composites is ascribed to the temperature dependency of the asphalt and its interaction with cement paste. A simple fractional model is proposed to describe the viscoelastic behavior of cement asphalt composites.     

In-Situ Preparation and thermal shock resistance of mullite-cordierite heat tube material for solar thermal power

In order to improve the thermal shock resistance of solar thermal heat transfer tube material, the mullite-cordierite composite ceramic as solar thermal heat transfer tube material were fabricated by pressureless sintering using α-Al2O3 , Suzhou kaolin, talc, and feldspar as starting materials. The important parameter for solar thermal transfer tube such as water absorption (Wa ), bulk density (Db ), and the mechanical properties were investigated. The phase composition and microstructure of the composite ceramics were analyzed by XRD and SEM. The experimental results show that the B3 sintered at 1 300 ℃ and holding for 3 h has an optimum thermal shock resistance. The bending strength loss rate of B3 is only 2% at 1 100℃ by air quenching-strength test and the sample can endure 30 times thermal shock cycling, and the water absorption, the bulk density and the bending strength are 0.32%, 2.58 g·cm-3 , and 125.59 MPa respectively. The XRD analysis indicated that the phase compositions of the sample were mullite, cordierite, corundum, and spinel. The SEM images illustrate that the cordierite is prismatic grain and the mullite is nano rod, showing a good thermal shock resistance for composite ceramics as potential solar thermal power material.     

非饱和土渗流变形耦合的数值分析

基于一维非饱和土的渗流-变形控制方程,采用Flex PDE（Partial differential equation）软件对该耦合方程组进行求解分析。该方法突破了解析法对非饱和土导水系数函数的特殊限定,适用于任意的土-水特征曲线表达式;还可考虑到饱和时的渗透系数以及孔隙率是变量。与解析解相比,该数值解表现较高的精度,具有解决非饱和土耦合问题的可行性。计算分析表明,非饱和土渗流-变形耦合作用对暂态孔隙水压力分布产生重要的影响,在降雨入渗过程中需考虑土体渗流-变形耦合的影响。降雨初期,位移随着时间明显增大,地表出现下沉,考虑耦合效应的孔隙水压力慢于非耦合情况,原因是H值为正的。随着降雨持续时间的增大,地表下沉的速度减缓,到最后变形开始稳定。位移的变化快慢与孔隙水压力变化规律相同。地表沉降量还与初始孔隙水压力分布以及H值密切相关。饱和时的渗透系数以及孔隙率对非饱和土降雨入渗以及稳态流的分布产生影响,但对其地表变形产生的影响微弱。     

基于土性参数的土水特征曲线的预测方法

为了降低土水特征曲线测量成本,利用基本土性参数预测粒状土和黏塑性土的土水特征曲线.分析了土性参数与土水特征曲线之间的关系,说明了采用基本土性参数来预测土水特征曲线的合理性.给出了土水特征曲线的预测方法,分别对粒状土和黏塑性土取不同土性参数的情况进行了回归拟合,给出了相应的二元、三元及四元回归方程.并将回归计算的结果与实验拟合的土水特征曲线进行了对比,结果表明,本文方法可以很好地预测土水特征曲线的基本走势.     

Effect of heat-treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb-xCu magnesium alloy

The effects of the solution and aging treatment on microstructures and mechanical properties of the Mg-10Zn-5Al-0.1Sb-XCu cast magnesium alloys were investigated by brinell hardness measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy spectrum analyzing apparatus and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental results show that the strip-like τ-Mg₃₂ (Al, Zn)₄₉ phase is shown at the grain boundaries and Mg₂Cu phase become smaller, even granular after solution treatment at 350 °C for 24 h. By ageing treatment at 180 °C, the ternary strengthening phase (τ phase) precipitates gradually at or around grain boundary. With increasing aging time, the micro-hardness improves obviously and up to the maximum (105.9 HV) at aging time of 36 h. In addition, the tensile-strengths at room temperature and at an elevated temperature respectively reach 228 MPa and 176 MPa, which is increased by 20% and 10%, respectively.