Effect of strain on the electrical resistance of carbon nanotube/silicone rubber composites

Carbon nanotube (CNT) filled silicone rubber (SR) composites were synthesized by in situ polymerization.The effect of strain on the electrical resistance of the CNT/SR composites and the structure evolution of CNT networks during tensile deformation were investigated.The results showed that the CNT/SR composites had high sensitivity of resistance-strain response.In a wide strain range (0-125%),the change of resistivity could reach 107,which was closely associated with the evolution process of the conductive CNT-network structure.The volume expansion of the composites in the tensile process led to a gradual decrease in the volume fraction of CNTs with the strain increase.When CNT loading was lower than the percolation threshold,CNT network was in disconnected state with a rapid increase in electrical resistance of the composites.Furthermore,the CNT loading had remarkable effect on the sensitivity of resistance-strain response in the composites.     

BN/聚砜导热绝缘复合材料的制备及性能

采用粉末混合法制备了BN/聚砜导热绝缘复合材料,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、导热系数测试仪和超高电阻微电流测试仪对复合材料的微观形貌、导热性能和电绝缘性能进行了表征。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂改性处理后的BN粉体与聚砜基体之间的相容性较好;BN/聚砜复合材料的导热系数随BN含量的增加而增大,最大可达2.08（W·m^-1·K^-1）;表面电阻率和体积电阻率随BN含量的增加而减小,最低值分别为0.82×10^15Ω和1.78×10^15（Ω·cm）,具有电绝缘性。     

Effect of curing procedure on the properties of copper-powder-filled conductive adhesives

By means of testing the shear strength with single lap joint, measuring electrical resistivity for cured products and the curing strain with strain gauges, the effect of cure parameters on the properties of HT1012 conductive adhesive filled with copper powder was investigated, and the residual stress in the conductive adhesives was also estimated. The experimental results show that the properties such as shear strength of the adhesives, electrical resistivity of products as well as the residual stress of cured HT 1012 copperfitted conductive adhesive were evidently affected by curing temperature and time. The diagrams of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） were also used to determine the properties. The higher mechanical property was achieved under the condition of curing the adhesive 3 h at 60 ℃ as the density of the hydrogen links or linkages existed in the adhesive was relatively higher and the lower electrical resistivity occurred at 80 ℃.     

Al18 B4O33Bi／AI复合材料室温阻尼和力学性能

为提高Al¹⁸ B⁴O³³ w/Al复合材料的室温阻尼性能,通过原位反应向复合材料的界面引入了低熔点金 属Bi.研究了涂层质量分数对涂覆后复合材料室温力学性能和阻尼性能的影响．结果表明,复合材料的力学 性能随着涂层质量分数的增加而降低;复合材料的阻尼性能则随涂覆量的增加而增加．涂覆复合材料的室温 阻尼值不仅强烈依赖于晶须表面涂覆物的质量分数而且依赖于应变振幅．涂覆复合材料在较低应变条件 (4×10_-4)下出现一个由位错机制产生的阻尼峰．当应变振幅超过6x10_-4,界面滑移成为主要的阻尼机制     

导电高分子基柔性应变传感材料研究进展

随着人机交互、电子皮肤、可穿戴电子等新兴领域的迅速发展,作为核心部件之一的柔性应变传感材料成为人们关注的热点。由导电材料与柔性高分子复合而成的导电高分子基复合材料具有柔韧性好、质轻、易加工成型等优势,且材料导电性能在应变刺激下发生改变,因此可用作柔性应变传感材料。综述了基于导电高分子复合材料的柔性应变传感材料的分类及特点,详细介绍了该类传感材料的应变响应机理,并总结了影响导电高分子复合材料应变传感性能的因素。     

碳纤维增强复合材料电阻率—温度特性研究

研究了利用不同温度条件下制备的短切碳纤维作为导电填料,以乙烯基树脂为基体,制成的添加剂导电复合材料中填料的种类、含量对该类复合材料的导电性及其该类复合材料的电阻率－温度特性的影响进行了研究,并对电阻率－温度变化特性进行了进行回归分析。实验结果表明较低温度条件下制备的碳纤维复合材料具有线形的NTC变化特性,而较高温度条件下制备的碳纤维复合材料具有特殊的变化特性,即先表现出PTC效应,后表现出NTC效应。     

融雪化冰用钢渣导电沥青混凝土的电阻稳定性

探讨了不同石墨掺量下钢渣导电沥青混凝土(conductive asphalt concrete using steel slag as aggregate,CACS)的电阻稳定性,研究了温度、氯盐溶液、载荷变化对钢渣导电沥青混凝土电阻率的影响.试验表明,钢渣作为集料复掺石墨制备出的钢渣导电沥青混凝土,电阻随时间变化小,在氯盐溶液中其电阻稳定性也良好.钢渣导电沥青混凝土的电阻呈现明显的正温度系数效应(positive temperature coefficient,PTC),电阻率随着温度的升高而逐渐增加,具有良好的温敏性;电阻率随着压力的增大而减小,卸载后电阻率有所增加,但不能完全恢复到原来的电阻率.     

合金钢的高温单轴棘轮效应实验研究1.25Cr0.5Mo

利用MTS810电液伺服试验机在300℃温度下对1.25Cr0.5Mo合金钢进行了单轴棘轮效应实验研究,探讨了温度、应力幅值、应力峰值、平均应力以及加载历史对材料棘轮效应的影响.以0.1%/s及0.2%/s两种不同的应变加载速率分别对材料进行单轴拉伸实验,结果表明1.25Cr0.5Mo合金钢在所研究的温度范围内的变形行为是率无关的;在0.4%应变幅值下进行了单轴应变循环实验,响应应力幅值随循环次数几乎没有变化,可视为循环稳定材料;单轴棘轮效应实验表明棘轮应变速率随平均应力、应力幅值及温度的升高而增大;棘轮变形依赖于加载历史,先前较大的循环应力对后继较小的循环应力下的棘轮变形起抑制作用.     

Deformation resistance effect of PAN-based carbon fibers

The deformation resistance effect of polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fibers was investigated, and the variatipn law of electrical resistivity under tensile stress was analyzed. The results show that the gauge factor (fractional change in resistance per unit strain) of PAN-based carbon fibers is 1.38, which is lower than that of the commonly-used resistance strain gauge. These may due to that the electrical resistivity of carbon fibers decreases under tensile stress. In addition when the carbon fibers are stretched, the change of its resistance is caused by fiber physical dimension and the change of electric resistivity, and mainly caused by the change of physical dimension. The mechanical properties of carbon fiber monofilament were also measured. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10672128 and 50878170)     

Preparation and mechanical properties of micro- and nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer composites

Micro- and nano-sized SiC/fluoroelastomer (FKM) composites were prepared by a mechanical mixing method. These composites were first characterized by a rotorless rheometer. Then the effects of micro- and nano-sized SiC on hardness, static and dynamic mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The increasing amount of the SiC filler increased the curing efficiency of the biphenyl curing system, which was evident from the rheometric properties of the resulting composites. The tensile properties of composite increased with the increasing of micro- and nano-sized SiC content. When the micro- and nano-sized SiC content was higher than 20 phr, the composites showed almost unchanged tensile properties. The increasing of the tensile property was mainly attributed to the well dispersed micro- and nano-sized SiC particles characterized by SEM images. Compared to pure FKM, the composites exhibited a higher glass transition temperature and lower tan δ peak value.     

水-温循环作用下千枚岩的动态拉伸特性

为研究水-温耦合作用下0°层理倾角千枚岩的动态拉伸特性变化规律,分别对3组试样进行0、1、3、5、7、8、11次温度循环自然降温、温度循环冷水降温、干湿循环后,采用霍普金森杆试验装置对0°层理倾角千枚岩试样开展动态巴西劈裂试验,从动态拉伸应变曲线、动态峰值抗拉强度、动态弹性模量、能量分析与宏观破坏5个角度研究水、温劣化条件下千枚岩的动态拉伸特性。结果表明：千枚岩应力应变曲线包括极速弹性变形阶段、屈服变形阶段、破坏变形阶段;随着水-温循环次数的增加,千枚岩应力-应变曲线极速弹性变形阶段逐渐缩短,屈服变形阶段的应变增长率不断增大;千枚岩动态峰值抗拉强度呈负指数函数关系变化,耗散能比不断减小;水-温耦合条件下,千枚岩峰值抗拉强度、耗散能比普遍小于温度循环自然降温时;动态冲击下,千枚岩发生贯穿层理的张拉破坏,主要破碎为2块;随着水-温循环次数的增加,千枚岩主碎块发生沿层理面的张拉与穿层理面的剪切复合破坏,千枚岩碎块的平均尺寸不断减小;温度循环冷水降温条件下,千枚岩碎块的平均尺寸更小,且降幅最为显著。     

碳纤维水泥基复合材料电阻变化规律研究

研究了碳纤维水泥基复合材料在水化期间及固化后的电阻变化特性。研究发现：当碳纤维体积分数较低时，试样的电阻率随着固化时间的增大而明显增大；反之，当碳纤维体积分数超过某一个范围后，会出现电阻（率）随水化时间的延长而变小的规律。此外，对于已固化好的碳纤维水泥基复合材料，随着电流（电压）的增大，电阻会出现一定程度的降低，碳纤维体积分数越低（即电阻率越大时），电阻下降的趋势越明显。     

裂纹对碳纤维水泥基复合材料性能的影响

研究了裂纹对碳纤维水泥基复合材料导电性能和发热效果的影响规律。裂纹对碳纤维水泥基复合材料的电阻(率)有明显影响,裂纹长度越长,电阻增大得越多,电阻增大的幅度与试样原始电阻有关。在输入功率一定的情况下,裂纹长度越长,发热时在混凝土内部造成的温度分布越不均匀,裂纹尖端的温度越高,因此可根据温差的大小大致判断出混凝土中裂纹的长度。     

碳系导电纳米材料填充高分子导电复合材料及其研究进展

碳系纳米材料具有优异导电性能,可作为导电填料填充到高分子基体制备导电复合材料。对碳系纳米导电材料分类、导电机理、导电性能及应用领域进行了讨论,对近期研究进展进行简要综述。最后,展望了碳系纳米导电材料填充高分子导电复合材料未来发展趋势并探讨了目前存在的问题。     

CB填充PVDF复合材料导电网络形成的动力学研究

以低结构碳黑(LCB)和高结构碳黑(HCB)作为填料,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为基体,制备了PVDF/CB导电复合材料.将复合材料以高于PVDF熔点的温度进行等温热处理,实时监测电阻率随时间的变化,研究PVDF/CB体系导电网络形成的动力学过程.结果发现,电阻率-时间曲线呈现出一定的自相似性,即在达到某一临界时间tp时电阻率迅速下降,而且随着热处理温度的升高和CB含量的增加,体系的tp值减小.从tp与热处理温度的Arrhenius关系曲线可以得到PVDF/LCB和PVDF/HCB体系导电网络形成的活化能分别为65 kJ/mol和71 kJ/mol.提出了一个修正的热力学渗流模型预测PVDF/CB体系的tp,理论预测值与实验结果基本吻合.     

Piezoresistive response extraction for smart cement-based composites/sensors

A kind of piezoresistive response extraction method for smart cement-based composites/sensors was proposed.Two kinds of typical piezoresistive cement-based composites/sensors were fabricated by respectively adding carbon nanotubes and nickel powders as conductive fillers into cement paste or cement mortar.The variation in measured electrical resistance of such cement-based composites/sensors was explored without loading and under repeated compressive loading and impulsive loading.The experimental results indicate that the measured electrical resistance of piezoresistive cement-based composites/sensors exhibits a two-stage variation trend of fast increase and steady increase with measurement time without loading,and an irreversible increase after loading.This results from polarization caused by ionic conduction in these composites/sensors.After reaching a plateau,the measured electrical resistance can be divided into an electrical resistance part and an electrical capacity part.The piezoresistive responses of electrical resistance part in measured electrical resistance to loading can be extracted by eliminating the linear electrical capacity part in measured electrical resistance.     

Resistivity response of coal under hydraulic fracturing with different injection rates:A laboratory studyOA

Resistivity will have different response characteristics to the hydraulic fracture propagation process. In this work, a resistivity testing system for hydraulic fracturing specimens was established. Resistivity and acoustic emission(AE) information were jointly analysed to determine the dynamic response characteristics of resistivity during hydraulic fracture propagation. The results show that the water and fracture exert a competitive influence on the connection structure of the circuit, and th...     

Effect of carbon fibre on properties of TiB2/C composite cathode coating for aluminum electrolysis

The tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity of TiB2/C composite cathode coating were measured with a hydraulic pressure universal test machine and an electrical resistivity test device, and the effects of carbon fibre content and carbon fibre length on tensile strength, compressive strength and electrical resistivity were investigated. The results show that the tensile strength of coating increases at the beginning and then reduces with the increase of carbon fibre content when the carbon fibre (length of 3 mm) content ranges from 0 to 4.0%; at the carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the tensile strength of coating reaches the maximum, 25.6 MPa. For the coating with carbon fibre content of 1.5%, the carbon fibre length has a great influence on tensile strength and compressive strength of coating; when the carbon fibre length is 6 mm, the tensile strength and compressive strength of coating reach the maximum, 27.6 MPa and 39.2 MPa, respectively. The electrical resistivity of coating reduces with the rise of temperature and the length of carbon fibre, and the influence of carbon fibre length on electrical resistivity of coating at low temperature (30-200℃) is more obvious than that at high temperature (960℃).     

测试导电复合材料直流电阻的四端电极法

为了探讨基于网状或环状电极的直流四端电极法在导电复合材料电阻测试中应用的可行性,比较了应用于不同基体、不同导电填料的导电复合材料直流电阻测试的两端电极法和四端电极法,提出了网状或环状电极与导电复合材料之间接触电阻的计算方法并进行了验证.研究表明:基于网状或环状电极的直流四端电极法可消除在直流两端电极法测试中存在的电极与导电复合材料之间的接触电阻;电极与导电复合材料之间接触电阻是非欧姆性的,接触电阻的大小与被测导电复合材料自身性质有关,其数值是可求解的.基于网状或环状电极的直流四端电极法适用于测试导电复合材料的电阻.     

Conductive behaviors of carbon nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites

By means of ultrasonic dispersion, carbon nanofibers reinforced epoxy resin composite was prepared in the lab, the electrical conductivity of composite with different carbon nanofibers loadings were studied, also the voltage-current relationship, resistance-temperature properties and mechano-electric effect were investigated. Results show that the resistivity of composite decreases in geometric progression with the increasing of carbon nanofibers, and the threshold ranges between 0.1 wt%-0.2 wt%. The voltage-current relationship is in good conformity with the Ohm＇s law, both positive temperature coefficient and negative temperature coefficient can be found at elevated temperature. In the course of stretching, the electrical resistance of the composites increases with the stress steadily and changes sharply near the breaking point, which is of importance for the safety monitor and structure health diagnosis.