大温差管内对流换热实验研究

针对太阳能热发电系统中大温差管内对流换热研究较为缺少的情况,搭建了大温差管内对流换热实验装置并进行实验研究．重点研究了加热温度（温差）、热流体及其流速、吸热管管径等因素对管内对流换热过程的影响,得到了实验温度范围内管内对流换热的结果,拟合出了相应的实验关联式,可以用于相关换热设备的设计．     

电场强化对流换热的场线坐标法数值模拟

为研究电场对气体对流换热的影响,依据场域控制方程,建立了表征电场及电荷密度分布的数学模型,并利用场线坐标法对线—板电极系统的电场、电位及电荷密度的分布进行了数值模拟,得到了场域空间单相气体所受电场力的分布情况,模拟结果显示,有电晕放电产生的电场可引起场域空间气体的“紊流”,并导致对流换热的增强。     

管排类元件自然对流换热研究进展

离散体自然对流速度场，温度场远比孤立体复杂，管排－一种典型的离散体在工程中有较多应用。文中论述了目前国际上管排的研究状况和存在的问题，并提出了自己的观点。为深入研究该类元件的换热机理，计算方法及优化设计指出了方向和途径。     

管内对流换热影响因素及其强化分析

从影响管内对流换热的因素出发,对近年来国内外学者的研究成果进行了综合分析,包括管内流体流动状态、表面形状、物性、脉动等对管内对流换热的影响.介绍了利用缩放管、金属泡沫管、纳米流体、高压电场等强化换热的方法.对中高温太阳能热利用系统中大温差管内对流换热的应用及其强化方法进行了展望.     

自激振荡脉冲对流换热的实验研究

将Helmhotz共振腔应用于换热器来增强换热是一种新的强化换热方法。本文作者通过实验研究了Helmhotz共振腔对换热器的换热强化效果，分析了各种参数对换热效果的影响，得到了对流换热系数及换热强化比随流速的变化规律，结果对工程设计及进一步的研究具有重要的指导意义。     

管内对流换热过程的Yong分析

以Ｙｏｎｇ损失数作为目标函数来表征该热力学过程的不可逆程度,分析了管道内对流换热过程中的Ｙｏｎｇ损。考察了管道工质的雷九对Ｙｏｎｇ损失数的影响,并在定热流密度和定壁温两种情况下的Ｙｏｎｇ损。考察了管道工质的雷诺数对Ｙｏｎｇ损失数的影响,并在定热流和定壁温两种情况下的对Ｙｏｎｇ进行了优化,结果表明：在定热流密度下,当流量为定值而管内径为变量时,Ｙｏｎｇ损失系数有优化值。在定壁温情况下,Ｙｏｎｇ损失系     

任意倾斜角度下平行平板封闭夹层自然对流换热实验研究

通过实验，在温差从10℃到90℃，夹层间距从0．01m至0．08m，空气层与水平面夹角在0°～90°变化范围内，全面分析了夹层温差、夹角、Re数、间距、纵深比等因素对换热的影响．拟合出了各角度下的准则方程式，并在θ＞60°时，用（1－θ／18O）n来体现角度变化对换热的影响，避免出现90°时准则式与其它角度下形式无法统一的问题．分析了一定温差、角度下对流换热量随间距的变化关系，给出了最佳间距，从而为工程计算提供了理论依据．     

用热力学第二定律优化对流换热过程

本文用热力学第二定律分析对流换热过程找出对流换热过程的熵产及(火用)损失方程,求出(火用)损失为最小时的Re数,从而找到最佳的流体流速及换热设备的几何尺寸,为工程应用提供了依据。     

Application of entransy dissipation extremum principle in radiative heat transfer optimization

The concepts of entransy flux and entransy dissipation in radiative heat transfer were introduced based on the analogy with heat conduction and heat convection processes. Entransy will be partially dissipated during the radiative heat transfer processes due to the irreversibility. The extremum principle of entransy dissipation was developed for optimizing radiative heat transfer processes. This principle states that for a fixed boundary temperature the radiative heat transfer is optimized when the entransy dissipation is maximized, while for a fixed boundary heat flux the radiative heat transfer process is optimized when the entransy dissipation is minimized. Finally, examples for the application of the entransy dissipation extremum principle are presented. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Project) (Grant No. 2007CB206901)     

退火钢卷辐射换热及对流换热的讨论

主要研究罩式炉退火钢卷在退火过程中,对流热流及辐射热流的变化情况及其影响因素,由此得到退火过程的不同阶段对流热和辐射热的大小比较,以判断在计算过程中,忽略辐射热流是否合理。计算得出,到退火加热中期,钢卷通过对流获得总热量是通过辐射获得的总热量的35倍,到保温中期,这两个量仅相差9倍,且退火保温时间越长,二者差距越小。     

An entransy dissipation-based optimization principle for solar power tower plants

The entransy theory,which can be used to optimize the heat transfer network of a solar power tower system(SPTS)and improve its energy efficiency,was introduced in this paper.Firstly,the irreversibility of the heat transfer processes in a SPTS was analyzed and the total entransy dissipation equation of a SPTS was derived.Then,two types of optimization problems(reducing the total circulating flow rate or the total heat-exchanging area)of a SPTS were solved with conditional extremum model based on the formulas of total entransy dissipation.Finally,the entransy dissipation-based optimization principle was applied to a simple SPTS without re-heater and a complex SPTS with a re-heater.The results showed that under the chosen calculation conditions the minimum total thermal conductance was 19306.03 W K?1 for a SPTS without re-heater when the total heat capacity rate of heat transfer fluid(HTF)was 3200 W K?1.The minimum total thermal conductance was about 7.9%lower than the value predicted based on the typical outlet temperature of a receiver.This meant that the total heat exchange area or initial investment could be effectively reduced under the prescribed total HTF circulating flow rate.We also studied the variation trends of the two optimized results including minimum total HTF heat capacity rate and minimum total thermal conductance.The minimum total HTF heat capacity rate decreased with the given total thermal conductance,the minimum total thermal conductance decreased first and then increased with the given total HTF heat capacity rate.We also found that for a SPTS with a re-heater,the mixing temperature and the mixing position of HTF had significant effects on the two types of optimization problems.     

基于理论的相变储能换热器传热性能分析

在理论成功应用于常规换热器的基础上,将传递效率、耗散数及基于耗散的换热器热阻应用于相变储能换热器的传热性能分析中。定义广义耗散率并由此推导出相变储能换热器蓄热、放热及总过程的传递效率及其瞬时值。确定耗散数及基于耗散的换热器热阻计算中换热量的取法。选取一种相变储能装置作为分析对象,通过理论分析绘制各主要部分温度变化趋势,进一步简化得到硅油、水的出口温度表达式,作为算例分析基础。结果表明, 传递效率的应用范围最广,可用于计算相变储能换热器蓄热、放热及总过程的(瞬时)不可逆热损失,且评价结果与传热性能相符,瞬时传递效率随蓄热时间的增加先增大后不变再增大,随放热时间的增加先减小后不变再减小; 耗散数在蓄热过程和总过程中的评价结果与传递效率一致,瞬时耗散数随蓄热时间的增加先减小后不变再减小,然而在放热过程中的应用受限。基于耗散的换热器热阻的部分评价结果与实际不符,应用限制较大。蓄热过程及总过程中,当蓄热量、取热量与蓄、放热阶段时长同步变化时, 传递效率、耗散数与基于耗散的换热器热阻几乎无变化;当装置传热性能提高时, 传递效率增大, 耗散数减小,基于耗散的换热器热阻减小;放热过程中,设置参数的变化不影响装置传热性能, 传递效率基本无变化。     

导热过程不同优化目标的优化准则

对于不同目的导热过程存在不同的优化目标。基于传递方程和火积传递方程,分别导出了以降低作功能力耗散为目标的导热过程优化准则和以降低传热能力耗散为目标的导热过程优化准则。以降低作功能力耗散为目标的导热过程优化准则表明,在总导热能力一定的条件下,相对温度梯度分布均匀导热最优;以降低传热能力耗散为目标的导热过程优化准则表明,在总导热能力一定的条件下,温度梯度分布均匀导热最优。     

水平肋片管在自然对流换热条件下表面温度的测定

实测了水平肋片管在自然对流换热条件下圆管表面温度在圆周方向上的分布。实验表明,用半圆周中点的温度可以近似代替圆周表面的平均温度。     

倾斜环形空腔内自然对流的实验研究和数值模拟

对大尺寸环形空腔在不同倾斜角度下的自然对流换热进行了实验研究。给出了半径比为2.5,高宽比为38的实验段在0°,22°,45°,67°和90°等角度下的换热关联式,并在水平和竖直情况下进行了数值模拟以便对实验结果进行验证。实验结果表明:在小数下,倾斜角度对自然对流换热的数有较大影响;而在大数下,倾斜角度对数的影响则非常小。最后给出的换热关联式对工程实际中大电流封闭母线的散热设计和校核有重要的参考价值。     

Investigation of convection cooling guide vane with conjugate heat transfer method

This paper studied a certain blade with ten radial cooling holes which employed conjugate heat transfer method. The cooling air entered the cooling channel from the bottom of the blade and went out from the top, it was not ejected into the main flow. This paper used different numerical conditions including different turbulence models,turbulence intensities,thermal conduction coefficients and the influence on fluid property via temperature variation. The temperature distribution and pressure distribution of the blade were compared with experimental data. The results show that the numerical results using different turbulence models are almost identical to experimental data even little deviation occurs at shock wave location. The trends of temperature distribution under different numerical conditions are coincident to experimental data,especially Reynolds stress turbulence model. It can be concluded that anisotropic turbulence models can simulate the transition from laminar to turbulence,and the influence of turbulence intensity on laminar region and transition region is more than that on developed turbulent region.     

Characteristics of radiation and convection heat transfer in indirect near-infrared-ray heating chamber

Numerical study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of combined heat transfer of radiation,conduction and convection in indirect near infrared ray (NIR) heating chamber.The effects of important design parameters such as the shape of heat absorbing cylinder and heat releasing fin on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were analyzed with different Reynolds numbers.The Reynolds numbers were varied from 103 to 3×106,which was defined based on the hydraulic diameter of the heat absorbing cy...