天然植物生长调节剂-玉米素对番茄生长、增产的影响

玉米素作为一种新型的植物生长调节剂,在番茄开花前7d、开花期及开花后7d三次施药,能有效加快番茄果实的膨大速度,提高番茄座果率,增产率达6．59％-18．75％,并能降低番茄中的可滴定酸含量,提高维生素C含量。     

季铵盐型植物生长调节剂的合成及应用研究

以邻甲基苯胺为原料 ,经氯甲基化、缩合、季铵化和复分解四步反应合成了一种季铵盐型植物生长调节剂 :(3 甲基 4 脲基 ) 苄基 三甲基十二烷基硫酸铵。邻甲基苯胺在浓盐酸中用多聚甲醛进行氯甲基化 ,n(邻甲基苯胺 )∶n (多聚甲醛 ) =11∶30 ,在 5 0℃通入HCl气体 ,反应 6h ,得到 2 甲基 4 氯甲基苯胺 (Ⅰ ) ,产率 78%。中间产物 (Ⅰ )与尿素溶于浓盐酸 ,在 96℃反应 2h ,然后滴加质量分数为 30 %的三甲胺水溶液 15 0mL ,在 70℃反应 1h ,得到 (3 甲基 4 脲基 ) 苄基氯化铵 (Ⅲ ) ,产率 40 %。中间产物 (Ⅲ )与十二烷醇硫酸钠 (K12 )以n (Ⅲ )∶n (K12 ) =1∶1的量比溶于乙醇和水的混合溶剂中 ,在 80℃反应 2h ,合成了 (3 甲基 4 脲基 ) 苄基 三甲基十二烷基硫酸铵 (Ⅳ ) ,产率 90 %。用 w(Ⅳ ) =0 15 %的水溶液喷施小麦 1次 ,能使小麦增产 14%     

8501硅元素植物生长调节剂在甘蔗上的应用

将８５０１硅元素植物生长调节剂应用于甘蔗，可使甘蔗亩产增加约１０％，糖分增加约５％，本文系此国家级成果的综合介绍。     

几种植物生长调节剂的高效液相色谱分析

建立同时测定赤霉素(GA3)、调吡脲、氯吡脲(KT-30)、6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)、萘乙酸、萘氧乙酸、对氯苯氧乙酸的高效液相色谱分析方法.使用Waters Nova-Pak 18色谱柱(3.9 mm×150 mm,5μm),以乙腈-水(体积比35:65,pH值为3)为流动相.紫外230 nm检测,用外标法对各组分进行定量分析.方法的线性相关系数分别为0.999 7、0.999 9、0.999 8、0.999 9、0.999 8、0.999 8.样品测定的标准偏差不大于0.87,变异系数在0.99%以下,回收率在98.6%～101.2%之间.     

腐植酸类生长调节剂对植物发芽和生长发育的影响

采用不同浓度的济农生根壮苗液肥、济农生根粉、吲哚丁酸钾、生根颗粒剂和市售较好的某种生根粉进行试验,旨在探明不同腐植酸类生长调节剂对植物发芽、鲜重、根长及扦插生根的影响。结果表明:5种生长调节剂对植物发芽和生长发育均有不同程度的促进作用。其中400ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、10000ppm生根颗粒剂浸种能显著促进小麦种子生根发芽;使用833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、1000ppm生根颗粒剂能显著促进小白菜生长,其中喷施833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥2次后比对照根长增加31.29%,提高地上部分鲜重28.17%;使用8000ppm济农生根粉蘸根后能够提高成活率49%,红叶石楠扦插生根时间提前3d;使用833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、1000ppm生根颗粒剂分别增产19.53%和18.29%,增加经济收入分别为15.89%和14.53%,增产增收效果明显。     

A Novel Approach of SWATH-Based Metabolomics Analysis Using the Human Metabolome Database Spectral Library

Metabolomics is a potential approach to paving new avenues for clinical diagnosis, molecular medicine, and therapeutic drug monitoring and development. The conventional metabolomics analysis pipeline depends on the data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique. Although powerful, it still suffers from stochastic, non-reproducible ion selection across samples. Despite the presence of different metabolomics workbenches, metabolite identification remains a tedious and time-consuming task. Consequently, sequential windowed acquisition of all theoretical MS (SWATH) acquisition has attracted much attention to overcome this limitation. This article aims to develop a novel SWATH platform for data analysis with a generation of an accurate mass spectral library for metabolite identification using SWATH acquisition. The workflow was validated using inclusion/exclusion compound lists. The false-positive identification was 3.4% from the non-endogenous drugs with 96.6% specificity. The workflow has proven to overcome background noise despite the complexity of the SWATH sample. From the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB), 1282 compounds were tested in various biological samples to demonstrate the feasibility of the workflow. The current study identified 377 compounds in positive and 303 in negative modes with 392 unique non-redundant metabolites. Finally, a free software tool, SASA, was developed to analyze SWATH-acquired samples using the proposed pipeline.     

植物生长调节剂调环酸钙的应用与发展现状

简单回顾了植物生长化学控制技术的发展历程,概述了植物生长调节剂调环酸钙的产品特点、作用机理以及在多种作物上的应用研究与发展现状,并对其在作物栽培上的应用前景做了展望。     

新型植物调节剂在黑美人西瓜生产上的应用研究

应用湛江师范学院科技开发中心研制的新型植物调节剂,对西瓜进行了初步应用试验研究,结果表明喷施新型植物调节剂具有以下功效:(1)可以提高西瓜的单果重,其中以稀释100倍药剂效果最显著,在盛花期施用该浓度药剂,平均单果重比照提高了6.7%,幼果期1次用药平均单果重比对照提高12.9%,幼果期二用次药平均单果重比对照提高17.9%;幼果期喷药比盛花期喷药对果实单果重的提高更明显;(2)可以提高西瓜的可溶性固形物的百分含量,Tss比对照提高0.4～3.4,改善了果实的品质;(3)可以使西瓜的果柄普遍增粗,增粗幅度在47.8%～86.2%,对营养生长有促进作用;(4)可以促进西瓜不同程度的单性结实。     

昆虫生长调节剂双氧威的合成

对氯苯酚与苯酚反应生成４ 苯氧基苯酚,后者与２ 氯乙基氨基甲酸乙酯反应生成双氧威,原药纯度达９５％。     

Metabolomics Analysis of the Larval Head of the Silkworm,Bombyx mori

The head, which performs many biological functions, is the most complicated structure of an insect. Development, locomotor behavior, food intake, environmental sensing, and signal transduction are all controlled by the insect’s head. As a well-studied insect in Lepidoptera, the silkworm head has an additional function of spinning silk fibers. To understand which molecules are involved in these physiological activities, we performed a metabolomics analysis of silkworm heads. By integrating GC-MS and LC-MS/MS, 90 metabolites were identified in the larval heads of silkworms. These were classified into 13 categories, including amino acids, sugars, organic acids, nucleotides, alcohols, and fatty acids. Informatics analysis revealed that these metabolites are involved in cellular processes, environmental information processing, genetic information processing, human diseases, metabolism, organismal systems, and other pathways. The identified metabolites and pathways are involved in biological processes such as signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, endocrine activities, and sensory activities; reflecting the functions of various organs in silkworm heads. Thus, our findings provide references which elucidate the potential functions of the silkworm head and will be of great value for the metabolomics research of silkworms and other insects.     

Reprogramming of Plant Central Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stresses: A Metabolomics View

Abiotic stresses rewire plant central metabolism to maintain metabolic and energy homeostasis. Metabolites involved in the plant central metabolic network serve as a hub for regulating carbon and energy metabolism under various stress conditions. In this review, we introduce recent metabolomics techniques used to investigate the dynamics of metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and analyze the trend of publications in this field. We provide an updated overview of the changing patterns in central metabolic pathways related to the metabolic responses to common stresses, including flooding, drought, cold, heat, and salinity. We extensively review the common and unique metabolic changes in central metabolism in response to major abiotic stresses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and some emerging insights in the future application of metabolomics to study plant responses to abiotic stresses.     

4种农药对水稻的生长调节作用和增产效应

[目的]通过田间试验评价供试药剂对水稻的生长调节和增产效应。[结果]不同药剂处理第4、5节间长分别为7.4~15.8 cm和15.1~20.9 cm,不施药处理分别为21.0、14.4 cm。75%赤霉酸结晶粉减产39.4%,其他3种供试药剂增产6.2%~14%。[结论]430 g/L戊唑醇SC、75%肟菌酯?戊唑醇WG、75%赤霉酸结晶粉和0.02%芸苔素内酯AS能抑制第4节间伸长,加速第5节间伸长,对叶绿素和旗叶叶面积提高不显著,对稻米胶稠度影响显著,能降低垩白度和垩白率,对精米率、直链淀粉等指标无显著影响。     

6种药剂对葱蝇的毒力及控制效果

测定了灭蝇胺、氟铃脲等6种药剂对葱蝇3龄幼虫的毒力和杀卵活性,并进行了盆栽灌根和持效期试验。结果表明：氟铃脲和虱螨脲对3龄幼虫的毒力高,灭蝇胺和氟铃脲在常规使用浓度下,对1、2龄幼虫有较强的毒杀作用。处理3龄幼虫能使蛹畸形,不同药剂间的杀卵作用差异较大。灭蝇胺灌根处理土壤,对1～2龄幼虫的持效期可达15d以上,对3龄幼虫可达lOd以上。灭蝇胺和氟铃脲在葱蝇防治中有较大的应用价值。     

乙醇裂解制备碳纳米管及其生长机理研究

以乙醇作为碳源,Mo-Co/C和Mo-Fe/C作为催化剂,采用化学气相沉积法,高温裂解乙醇制备碳纳米管.利用SEM和TEM对碳纳米管形貌和结构进行表征.结果表明:乙醇在催化剂Mo-Co/C和Mo-Fe/C裂解产生的碳纳米管遵循顶部生长机理.并建立了乙醇制备碳纳米管的生长模型.     

Processed vs. Non-Processed Biowastes for Agriculture: Effects of Post-Harvest Tomato Plants and Biochar on Radish Growth,Chlorophyll Content and Protein Production

The aim of this work was to address the issue of processed vs. non-processed biowastes for agriculture, by comparing materials widely differing for the amount of process energy consumption. Thus, residual post harvest tomato plants (TP), the TP hydrolysates obtained at pH 13 and 60 °C, and two known biochar products obtained by 650 °C pyrolysis were prepared. All products were characterized and used in a cultivation of radish plants. The chemical composition and molecular nature of the materials was investigated by solid state ¹³C NMR spectrometry, elemental analysis and potentiometric titration. The plants were analysed for growth and content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and soluble proteins. The results show that the TP and the alkaline hydrolysates contain lignin, hemicellulose, protein, peptide and/or amino acids moieties, and several mineral elements. The biochar samples contain also similar mineral elements, but the organic fraction is characterized mainly by fused aromatic rings. All materials had a positive effect on radish growth, mainly on the diameter of roots. The best performances in terms of plant growth were given by miscanthus originated biochar and TP. The most significant effect was the enhancement of soluble protein content in the plants treated with the lowest energy consumption non processed TP. The significance of these findings for agriculture and the environment is discussed.     

N-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丙酰胺类化合物的合成与植物生长调节活性

以丙二酸二乙酯为原料经过多步反应合成了N-(2,4-二氯苯基)环丙酰胺-1-羧酸(cyclanilide),收率为45%;另外以丙二酸二乙酯为原料经过缩合、MIRC环化、水解和酰化反应合成了具有结构相似性的化合物N-(2,4-二氯苯基)-2,2'-二甲基环丙酰胺-1-羧酸(化合物2),收率80%;目标化合物的结构通过IR和H NMR确证后进行植物生长调节活性测试,结果发现它们对小麦芽鞘均有明显抑制作用,对黄瓜子叶都有促进生长作用,且化合物2无论在抑制和促进方面都比化合物cyclanilide效果好.