An elastic-viscoplastic model for large deformation

It is shown that the theory of an elastic-viscoplastic work hardening material proposed by Bodner and Partom for small deformations may be generalized for large deformations by reformulating the equations using Lagrangian quantities. Restrictions on the general constitutive equations were obtained using the thermodynamic procedures proposed by Green and Naghdi. In this formulation the stress is determined directly from deformation quantities and in particular is not calculated using a hypoelastic type equation for a stress rate. Also, since Lagrangian quantities are used there is no need to introduce special rates like the Jaumann rate in the evolution equations. Specific constitutive equations were proposed for a material exhibiting isotropic-elastic response in its reference configuration, strain-rate and temperature dependent plastic flow with isotropic and directional hardening, and thermal recovery of hardening. These specific equations use only the material constants obtained from the corresponding small deformation theory. Examples of simple tension and simple shear show that these equations predict physically plausible material response for large deformations.     

An elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model for the hot-forming of aluminum alloys

Under hot-forming conditions characterized by high homologous temperatures and strain-rates, metals usually exhibit rate-dependent inelastic behavior. An elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model is presented here to describe metal behavior during hot-forming. The model uses an isotropic internal variable to represent the resistance offered to plastic deformation by the microstructure. Evolution equations are developed for the inelastic strain and the deformation resistance based on experimental results. A methodology is presented for extracting model parameters from constant true strain-rate compression tests performed at different temperatures. Model parameters are determined for an Al-1Mn alloy and an Al-Mg-Si alloy, and the predictions of the model are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data.     

复合材料螺栓连接松弛的弹-黏塑性分析方法

预紧力松弛是影响复合材料螺栓连接结构耐久性的主要原因之一。本文重点讨论导致预紧力松弛的材料蠕变与粗糙表面接触蠕变的相互影响。内容包括建立了以弹-黏塑性理论为基础的复合材料蠕变本构模型,并结合考虑粗糙表面的分形接触理论,将其推广到与时间相关的弹-黏塑性接触问题。数值结果与实验结果对比表明,考虑粗糙表面接触效应时,计算误差从2.87%~4.37%降至0.04%~0.5%,预测准确性有显著提高。表面分形参数D和G的讨论结果表明,接触表面越粗糙,预紧力越容易松弛。这对工程上通过控制表面形貌参数来改善表面接触性质具有指导意义。     

An experimental investigation of the enthalpy of erbium trifluoride in the solid and liquid states

A high-temperature massive isothermal calorimeter is used for measuring the enthalpy of high-purity ErF₃ in the temperature range from 396 to 1596 K. The temperature dependences of enthalpy and heat capacity in single-phase regions are obtained, as well as the jumps of enthalpy and heat capacity under conditions of polymorphous transformation and melting. Initial experimental data are given.     

An immersed boundary method to solve fluid–solid interaction problems

We describe an immersed-boundary technique which is adopted from the direct-forcing method. A virtual force based on the rate of momentum changes of a solid body is added to the Navier–Stokes equations. The projection method is used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations. The second-order Adam–Bashford scheme is used for the temporal discretization while the diffusive and the convective terms are discretized using the second-order central difference and upwind schemes, respectively. Some benchmark problems for both stationary and moving solid object have been simulated to demonstrate the capability of the current method in handling fluid–solid interactions. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Numerical implementation of an elastic-viscoplastic constitutive model to simulate the mechanical behaviour of amorphous polymers

Due to their high deformation capabilities, polymeric materials are widely used in several industries. However, polymers exhibit a complex behaviour with strain rate, temperature and pressure dependencies. Numerous constitutive models were developed in order to take into account their specific behaviour. Among these models, the ones proposed by Richeton et al Polymer 46:6035–6043 (2005a), Polymer 46:8194–8201 (2005b) seem to be particularly suitable. They proposed expressions for the Young modulus and the yield stress with strain rate and temperature dependence. Moreover, these models were also implemented in a finite elastic-viscoplastic deformation approach using a flow rule based on thermally activated process. The increase of computational capabilities allowed simulating polymer forming processes using finite element (FE) codes. The aim of the study is to implement the proposed constitutive model in a commercial FE code via a user material subroutine. The implementation of the model was verified using compressive tests over a wide range of strain rates. Next, FE simulations of an impact test and of a plane strain forging process were carried out. The FE predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results taken from the literature.     

Fractional derivative in the elastic-viscoplastic stress-strain state model describing anisotropic creep of soft clays

Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials - A fractional elastic-viscoplastic (F-EVP) creep model describing the anisotropy of soft soil is established. A nonlinear viscoplastic creep expression is...     

2.5D coupled BEM–FEM used to model fluid and solid scattering wave

We describe a hybrid method to study fluid and solid interaction problems in the frequency domain. The numerical method is based on subdomain decomposition. The BEM is used to model unbounded solid mediums, whereas the confined subdomains, both fluid and solid, are represented by the FEM. The analysis is carried out by superposing two‐and‐a‐half dimension (2.5D) problems for different longitudinal wave numbers. A novel 2.5D FEM formulation for inviscid fluids is proposed, which include the energy lost at the fluid boundary enclosure. The fluid and solid subdomains are coupled, and appropriate boundary conditions are imposed at the interfaces. The proposed technique is verified from analytical solutions. A cylindrical cavity located in an unbounded solid medium excited by a dilatational point source is studied. Computed results are in good agreement with the analytical solution. Later, noise and vibration in a concrete tunnel due to an internal pressure load is analysed with the proposed methodology. Results show that tunnel and soil displacements increase with the load speed, as did the air pressure inside the tunnel, according with the travelling ranges defined by the wave propagation velocities in each medium. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Density of high-purity dysprosium in the solid and liquid states

Samples of solid and liquid high-purity dysprosium are exposed to a narrow beam of gamma quanta to measure its density in the temperature range from 293 to 1912 K. Volume changes are determined during melting and hcp-bcc structural transformation. The results are compared with the previously obtained data for a technically pure metal. It is shown that, as the purity of metal increases, the range of existence of the bcc phase is narrowed, the melting point and density of the melt increase, and the coefficient of volume expansion of the hcp phase decreases. On the other hand, the impurity composition does not substantially affect the volume changes during phase transformation or the expansion of the bcc phase. Consistent tables of the temperature dependence of the density of dysprosium in the solid and liquid states are developed.     

An oxyhydride of BaTiO3 exhibiting hydride exchange and electronic conductivity

In oxides, the substitution of non-oxide anions (F(-),S(2-),N(3-) and so on) for oxide introduces many properties, but the least commonly encountered substitution is where the hydride anion (H(-)) replaces oxygen to form an oxyhydride. Only a handful of oxyhydrides have been reported, mainly with electropositive main group elements or as layered cobalt oxides with unusually low oxidation states. Here, we present an oxyhydride of the perhaps most well-known perovskite, BaTiO(3), as an O(2-)/H(-) solid solution with hydride concentrations up to 20% of the anion sites. BaTiO(3-x)H(x) is electronically conducting, and stable in air and water at ambient conditions. Furthermore, the hydride species is exchangeable with hydrogen gas at 400 °C. Such an exchange implies diffusion of hydride, and interesting diffusion mechanisms specific to hydrogen may be at play. Moreover, such a labile anion in an oxide framework should be useful in further expanding the mixed-anion chemistry of the solid state.     

A local RBF collocation method for band structure computations of 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals

In this paper, an efficient local radial basis function collocation method (LRBFCM) is presented for computing the band structures of the two‐dimensional (2D) solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. Both systems of solid scatterers embedded in a fluid matrix (solid/fluid phononic crystals) and fluid scatterers embedded in a solid matrix (fluid/solid phononic crystals) are investigated. The solid–fluid interactions are taken into account by properly formulating and treating the continuity/equilibrium conditions on the solid–fluid interfaces, which require an accurate computation of the normal derivatives of the displacements and the pressure on the fluid–solid interfaces and the unit‐cell boundaries. The developed LRBFCM for the mixed wave propagation problems in 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals is validated by the corresponding results obtained by the finite element method (FEM). To the best knowledge of the authors, the present LRBFCM has yet not been applied to the band structure computations of 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. For different lattice forms, scatterers' shapes, acoustic impedance ratios, and material combinations (solid scatterers in fluid matrix or fluid scatterers in solid matrix), numerical results are presented and discussed to reveal the efficiency and the accuracy of the developed LRBFCM for calculating the band structures of 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. A comparison of the present numerical results with that of the FEM shows that the present LRBFCM is much more efficient than the FEM for the band structure computations of the considered 2D solid/fluid and fluid/solid phononic crystals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A semi-analytical model for simulating fluid transport in multi-layered fibrous sheets made up of solid and porous fibers

Direct simulation of fluid transport in fibrous media consisting of swelling (i.e., fluid-absorbing) and non-swelling (i.e., solid) fibers is a challenge. In this work, we have developed a semi-analytical modeling approach that can be used to predict the fluid absorption and release characteristics of multi-layered composite fabrics made up of swelling and non-swelling fibrous sheets. The simulations presented here are based on a numerical solution of Richards’ equation. Two different fibrous sheets composed of non-swelling (PET) and swelling (Rayon) fibers with different Solid Volume Fractions (SVFs) and thicknesses were arbitrarily chosen in this study for demonstration purposes. The sheets’ capillary pressure and relative permeability are obtained via a combination of numerical simulations and experiment. In particular, the capillary pressure expression for non-swelling media is obtained from the analytical expressions that we previously developed via 3-D microscale simulations, while the capillary pressure for swelling media is obtained via height rise experiments. The relative permeability expressions for both swelling and non-swelling media are obtained from the analytical expressions previously developed via 3-D microscale simulations, which are also in agreement with experimental correlations from the literature. On the macroscale, simulation results are reported for fluid transport in bi-layered composite fabrics, and comparison is made between the performances of these fabrics in terms of the order in which the layers are stacked on top of one another. A higher rate of absorption was observed when the layer in contact with the fluid is that comprised of swelling fibers. A similar study was conducted for motion-induced fluid release from the composite fabrics when partially-saturated with a fluid. It was shown that less fluid release is expected when the swelling sheet is placed in contact with the surface.     

固体C70/GaAs接触的界面态及整流特性

在高真空系统中,将C70膜淀积在(100)晶向n型和p型GaAs衬底上,形成固体C70/n-GaAs 和C70/p-GaAs两种接触.电学测量表明两种接触均是强整流结,在偏压为±1V时,它们的整流比分别大于106和104,以及在固定正向偏压下,它们的电流都是温度倒数的指数函数,从中确定了它们的有效势垒高度分别为0.784eV和0.531eV.深能级瞬态谱(DLTS)和C-t测量发现在C70/GaAs界面上存在一个电子陷阱E(0.640eV)和一个空穴陷阱H3(0.822eV),以及在近界面的固体C70中存在两个空穴陷阱H4(1.155eV)和H5(0.856eV).     

Coupled heat transfer between fluid film and solid wall

A numerical algorithm is proposed for solution of the coupled problem of convective heat transfer. The method was used to study two-phase heat transfer between a solid wall and a laminarly flowing fluid film for a linear temperature profile at the outer surface of the wall. A computational formula is proposed for the dimensionless Nusselt number.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 1091–1097, June, 1977.