熔融还原炼铁技术分析

分析了主要的熔融还原炼铁流程.COREX采用预还原竖炉+熔融气化炉的纯氧炼铁流程,已经工业化,但吨铁焦炭量维持在250 kg左右的水平,吨铁燃料比达到1 000 kg.FINEX采用多级流化床+热压块+熔融气化炉+煤气脱除CO:循环使用的纯氧炼铁流程,可直接处理粉矿,吨铁燃料比为800 ks左右,吨铁焦炭使用量在200kg左右,不过FINEX工艺复杂,效率低,仍在进行工业化试验.HISMELT试图采用一步法直接熔融还原粉矿,难度大,指标与预期相差较大,尚处在技术攻关阶段.可见,目前的熔融还原炼铁流程,离低能耗、低污染的炼铁目标相差甚远,最大的问题是预还原矿粉(球团)的低温还原性能差,提高铁矿的低温反应性能是熔融还原炼铁走向成功、高效、环保的关键所在.     

FINEX技术

FINEX技术 ,是在COREX技术基础上进一步发展起来的新工艺 ,前者使用块矿、球团 ,后者全部使用粉矿。它们的主流程为 :COREX由熔化气化炉和还原竖炉两部分构成 ,块矿、球团矿通过炉顶料仓装入还原竖炉 ,被逆向上升的煤气还原成海绵铁 ,再经螺旋卸料器输送到熔化气化炉中。熔化气     

熔融还原炼铁最新技术及工艺路线选择探讨

 熔融还原炼铁工艺是非高炉炼铁的重要工艺,也是未来炼铁工艺的重要研发方向,目前投入商业化生产的熔融还原炼铁工艺主要有COREX、FINEX、HIsmelt工艺。为了更及时地了解熔融还原炼铁工艺的最新技术动态,有针对性地选择熔融还原炼铁工艺路线,根据近年来对上述3种主要熔融还原炼铁工艺的技术追踪和研究,阐述了中国在引进、消化COREX工艺过程中,在原燃料优化、解决预还原竖炉黏结问题以及工艺控制系统优化取得的技术进步。介绍了韩国浦项公司FINEX工艺在预还原流化床大型化、降低流化床系统高度、能源高效利用等方面的最新技术成果。并对中国引进HIsmelt熔融还原炼铁工艺后,对HIsmelt工艺未来的技术发展方向提出建议和展望。最后,从原燃料条件、炼铁-炼钢工艺路线、产品质量等方面,对如何选择熔融还原炼铁工艺路线提出建议。     

现代炼铁技术进展

评述了国际上发展较快的几种主要非高炉炼铁工艺流程.COREX、FINEX和HISMELT等熔融还原流程可以避免炼焦工艺引发的环境污染.成熟的竖炉气基还原工艺是COREX流程工业化的重要保障,粉体流化床由于粘结等问题尚未完全解决和铁浴炉二次燃烧与炉衬侵蚀之间的固有矛盾注定了FINEX和HISMELT实现的难度远高于COREX流程.气基还原流程(MIDREX、HYL-Ⅲ、FINMET)目前都要使用天然气资源,很难在我国得到发展.转底炉可使用低强度的含碳球团,给煤基直接还原流程注入新的活力,但其能耗高、生产效率低、产品质量差将会制约它的发展.我国自主研发的炼铁新工艺,即低温快速还原工艺,目前仍处于研究开发阶段,它能够实现低温快速还原反应,是一种能耗低、污染少、资源利用率高的新型绿色冶金工艺流程,具有良好的发展前景.     

浦项综合制铁公司新型FINEX炼铁工艺计划2010年取代高炉

韩国浦项综合制铁公司被称为二十一世纪革命性炼铁法的 FINEX炼铁工艺实验设备——中间实验工厂已于 1 999年 5月 2 7日竣工 ,并进入了实验阶段。FINEX工艺可省去传统炼铁工艺中的原料预处理 (如进行烧结或制成球团 )和炼焦过程。而且该工艺直接使用粉矿 ,与使用块矿的 COREX工艺相比也向前发展了一大步。可以说 FINEX工艺是能够代替具有 50 0年发展历史的高炉炼铁工艺的革命性最新技术。FINEX工艺改变使用价格昂贵的块矿石的 COREX工艺 ,使用占铁矿石供给量 80 %的粒度小于8mm的粉矿 ,并且粉矿也不需要进一步处理 ,因此大幅度…     

COREX预还原竖炉海绵铁渗碳行为的分析

由于COREX预还原竖炉中海绵铁的渗碳对COREX工艺的稳定运行有较大影响,以COREX熔融气化炉产生的还原煤气成分为基础,对COREX预还原竖炉海绵铁的渗碳行为进行了分析,结合经典热力学理论,分别推导出CO2-CO体系、CH4-H2体系、Fe3C-Fe体系的碳势表达式。在此基础上,对COREX预还原竖炉的压力、温度波动进行了计算,得出COREX预还原竖炉中海绵铁的渗碳范围为4.21%~5.4%。     

流化床和竖炉对熔融还原流程煤耗的影响

 熔融还原流程核心装置是一个还原单元和一个熔炼造气单元。当前最受重视的还原设备是竖炉和流化床。分析总结出二者分别与熔炼造气单元最佳配合时各理论参数的计算方法。虽然流化床具有直接使用粉矿的巨大优势,但流化床作为还原单元时流程的最佳煤耗要高于竖炉。要使其正常运转还必须避免流化床还原过程中出现粘结失流。     

也谈熔融还原炼铁技术

对现有HIsmelt、COREX和FINEX熔融还原工艺及设备进行了分析研究和综合评价,指出了开发新熔融还原技术的原则,介绍了克服高炉炼铁及COREX、HIsmeh熔融还原法存在的缺点的LSM炼铁工艺,应针对目前存在的问题,开发新的熔融还原炼铁技术。     

COREX炼铁煤气生产热压块流程的模拟分析

COREX熔融还原炼铁工艺采用非炼焦煤直接炼铁,缩短了工艺流程,减轻了炼铁工业对环境的污染,生产过程产生的大量优质煤气可以用于生产热压块 .1套COREX C2000装置输出的煤气量和1座年产0.8 Mt的直接还原设备所需要的还原煤气量大致相当.对利用COREX炼铁煤气生产热压块的工艺能量利用进行了分析,指出了竖炉还原过程中的适宜条件和影响因素.     

流态化技术在熔融还原工艺中的应用

介绍了FINEX、FINMET、Circored和HIsmelt等几种典型熔融还原工艺采用流化床处理粉铁矿的技术及特点。总结了熔融还原中采用流化床处理粉铁矿应遵循的原则。参考国内外有关流化床处理粉铁矿的实践经验,提出了一种采用流化床处理粉铁矿的熔融还原炼铁新工艺流程,按照冶金功能分为4个系统:使用约800℃的还原煤气生产还原度约80%的DRI的流态化预热预还原系统;直接使用粉煤、高温高预还原度炉料、纯氧冶炼,二次燃烧率控制在20%左右的铁浴终还原系统;具有调节和变换终还原高温煤气和循环使用炉顶煤气功能的煤气改质系统;解决输出煤气利用的综合利用系统。     

Mathematical Simulation of Burden Distribution in COREX Melter Gasifier by Discrete Element Method

 COREX process is one of the earliest industrialized smelting reduction ironmaking technology. A numerical simulation model based on discrete element method (DEM) has been developed to analyze the burden distribution in the melter gasifier of COREX process. The DEM considering the collisions between particles can directly reproduce the charging process. The burden trajectory, the location and the burden surface profile are analyzed in melter gasifier with a mixing charging of coal and direct reduction iron (DRI) at the same time. Considering the porosity of packed bed has an important effect on the gas flow distribution of melter gasifier, a method to calculate porosity has been proposed. The distribution of DRI and coal and the porosity in the radial direction are given under different charging patterns, which is necessary to judge the gas flow distribution and provide base data for further researching the melter gasifier for the next work in the future. The research results can be used to guide the operation of adjusting charging and provide important basis for optimizing the charging patterns in order to obtain the reasonable gas distribution.     

Development in smelting reduction processes

Corex process is a smelting reduction process to produce hot metal of blast-furnace quality. Coal is used instead of coke, and this replacement makes production costs of hot metal decrease. Iron ore reduction and melting is separated into two steps: in a melter gasifier reducing gas is generated and melting energy is produced by coal gasification; iron ore is reduced in a shaft furnace. Due to this separation, a great variety of untreated coals can be used. The Corex process is designed to operate under elevated pressure, up to 5 bar. Reducing gas is generated in a fluidized bed by partial oxidation of coal. After leaving the melter gasifier, the gas is mixed with cooling gas to obtain a temperature suitable for direct reduction, i.e. approximately 850–900°C. The fines captured in a hot cyclone are re-injected into the gasifier. Reducing gas is fed into the reduction furnace and ascends through the iron burden according to the counterflow principle. The hot DRI having a temperature of 800–900°C is continuously charged into the melter gasifier, where further reduction is effected and melting occurs. Hot metal and slag drop to the bottom of the melter-gasifier. Analogous to blast-furnace practice hot metal and slag are discharged by conventional tapping.     

Mathematical model of COREX melter gasifier: Part I. Steady-state model

The COREX melter gasifier is a countercurrent reactor to produce liquid iron. Directly reduced iron (DRI), noncoking coal, and other additives are charged to the melter gasifier at their respective temperatures, and O₂ is blown through the tuyeres. Functionally, a melter gasifier is divided into three zones: a moving bed, fluidized bed, and free board. A model has been developed for the moving bed, where the tuyere region is two-dimensional (2-D) and the rest is one-dimensional (1-D). It is based on multiphase conservation of mass, momentum, and heat. The fluidized bed has been treated as 1-D. Partial equilibrium is calculated for the free board. The calculated temperature of the hot metal, the top gas, and the chemistry of the top gas agree with the reported plant data. The model has been used to study the effects of bed height, injection of impure O₂, coal chemistry, and reactivity on the process performance.     

COREX熔化气化炉软熔区域的实验研究

为了模拟COREX熔融气化炉软熔区域,本研究建立了COREX熔融气化炉热态模型,利用石蜡模拟矿石,玉米粒子模拟焦炭和块煤。在热态物理模拟试验中,考察了实际生产过程中熔炼率、矿/(块煤+焦)体积比、风口回旋区煤气温度和风口回旋区煤气量等操作参数对软熔区域高度和厚度的影响。试验获得不同操作参数下软熔区域高度和厚度的变化趋势。     

Influence of Burden Distribution on Temperature Distribution in COREX Melter Gasifier

 The temperature distribution of COREX melter gasifier was studied by using a two-dimensional 1/30 scale thermal dynamic model. A set of operating conditions, such as radial distribution of direct reduction iron (DRI) to lump coal and coke volume ratio, coke charging location, coke charging amount and coke size, were taken into account. The results show that the temperature near the wall region decreases with the decrease of the radial distribution of DRI to lump coal and coke volume ratio. The temperature with central coke charging is higher than that without central coke column. Furthermore, the temperature significantly increases with the increase of central coke charging amount. With the increase of intermediate coke charging amount, the temperature near the wall region decreases while the temperature in the intermediate region increases. The temperature increases with the increase of coke size whether charging central coke or intermediate coke.     

COREX煤气中H2含量的对比分析

宝钢2#COREX投产后各技术经济指标持续改善,竖炉金属化率稳定在85%以上,冷煤气中H2含量比1#COREX高出2个百分点,但竖炉炉顶煤气中H2含量相差很小。基于COREX工艺过程中H2含量变化的理论解析,分析了氢元素的守恒、海绵铁金属化率、拱顶温度和竖炉还原对H2含量的影响。研究结果表明,冷煤气中H2含量的增加主要由竖炉海绵铁金属化率的提高所致,且随着竖炉金属化率的提高,气化炉运行更稳定,料柱温度升高,气化炉用氧分配趋向合理等冶炼特征发生改变。     

喷煤对COREX熔化气化炉炉况影响的物理模拟

通过COREX喷煤整体和区域模型整体和区域模型计算分析,研究了喷煤对块煤用量、理论燃烧温度、风口煤气量等重要参数的影响。计算结果表明：随着喷煤量的增加,风口煤气量增大,块煤用量和理论燃烧温度均降低。最后,本文建立了二维COREX熔化气化炉热态模型,利用石蜡模拟矿石,玉米粒子模拟焦炭。在热态物理模拟实验中,考察了矿/(块煤+焦)体积比、风温和风量等操作参数对COREX熔化气化炉炉况的影响。     

加焦方式对气化炉内气流分布的影响

布料模式决定了料床的空隙度,而料床的空隙度分布决定了煤气流的二次分布.本文建立了研究三维气化炉炉料结构和煤气流分布的物理模型和数学模型,物理模型采用热电偶测温的方法,从炉内气体温度分布信息考察了气体的流动情况,由于物理实验无法获得内部空隙度分布信息,故基于离散单元法模型,以Fluent软件为载体,利用多孔介质模型并加入用户自定义函数,通过数学模型进一步研究了不同加焦方式下气化炉内煤气流分布的影响机理,获得了气化炉内煤气的速度场和流线.物理模拟与数值模拟结果相吻合.通过模拟计算获得的非均匀床层内气体流动规律的认识对COREX气化炉加焦工艺有借鉴意义.