CIMS国际标准现状与发展要点

一、引言由于ＣＩＭＳ是一项综合性高技术,相应的ＣＩＭＳ标准也就十分繁多,并发展很快。就标准的有效范围大小来说,标准的类别主要有国际标准、国家标准和集团（公司）标准。其中,国际标准影响最大,且往往被采用为国家标准和集团标准。因此,ＣＩＭＳ国际标准是ＣＩＭＳ标准发展的主线。在国际上,国际标准化工作通常由国际标准化组织（ＩＳＯ）和国际电工委员会（ＩＥＣ）分工负责,ＩＥＣ主要负责电工、电子领域,其余各领域均属ＩＳＯ的工作范畴。由于ＣＩＭＳ标准涉及许多具体的领域,因而在ＩＳＯ和ＩＥＣ中有多个技术委员会（Ｔ…     

可编程仪器标准命令（SCPI）介绍

ＳＣＰＩ是一种建立在现有标准ＩＥＥＥ４８８．１和ＩＥＥＥ４８８．２基础上，并遵循了ＩＥＥＥ７５４标准中浮点运算规则、ＩＳＯ６４６信息交换７位编码符号（相当于ＡＳＣＩＩ编程）等多种标准的标准化仪器编程语言。它采用一套树状分层结构的命令集，提出了一个具有普遍性的通用仪器模型，采用面向信号的测量；它的助记符产生规则简单、明确，且易于记忆。     

国外GIS标准化进展和我国的对策

地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）标准化对于ＧＩＳ技术发展和应用至关重要，国内外对此均十分重视。本文着重介绍国外标准化工作的进展，特别是国际标准化组织地理信息／地球信息业技术委员会（ＩＳＯ／ＴＣ２１１）自１９９４年成立以来，在标准化方面所做的工作，进而阐述我国参与国际标准化活动情况，探讨为加强我国地理信息标准化工作应采取的对策。     

地理信息系统标准化的范畴与进展

地理信息系统标准化的范畴与进展钟耳顺（中科院综考会国土资源信息系统研究室）一、ＧＩＳ标准化的作用随着ＧＩＳ应用的扩大和数据的积累，ＧＩＳ标准化已是十分必要。建立统一的ＧＩＳ标准体系日趋迫切。然而，过去对这一问题的认识并非一致，有人认为标准只不过是为了...     

异构网络环境下X.400电子邮件系统的实现

当前电子邮件发展的特点是标准化，ＣＣＩＴＴ和ＩＳＯ联合公布的ＣＣＩＴＴＸ．４００／ＩＳＯ１００２１电子邮件标准为电子邮件的标准化奠定了基础。而Ｘ．４００标准是按照ＯＳＩ参考模型制定的，由于当前ＯＳＩ参考模型推广还不够广泛，因此需要在异构网络环境下实现Ｘ．４００电子邮件系统。本文提出了解决网络异构问题的集成开发平台应其有的特点，结合应用环境介绍了在ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ、ＤＥＣＮＥＴ、ＯＳＩ运输层之上实现集成     

一种支持SDAI的数据库模式定义语言

本文介绍ＯＳＣＡＲ中的数据库模式定义语言（ＤＤＬ），它支持ＳＴＥＰ标准下的标准数据存取接口（ＳＤＡＩ），并详细地描述了ＯＳＣＡＲ对数据字典的信息管理策略，以及这些策略为ＳＤＡＩ提供的底层支持。     

微机总线及接口技术的发展

１总线结构的类型 ＰＣ机的系统总线可分 为 ＩＳＡ、ＥＩＳＡ、ＭＣＡ、ＶＥＳＡ、ＰＣＩ、ＡＧＰ等多种标准。 （ １）ＩＳＡ／ＥＩＳＡ／ＭＣＡ／ＶＥＳＡ总线 ＩＳＡ（Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄ　Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ）,是ＩＢＭ公司为２８６／ＡＴ电脑制定的总线工业标准,也称为ＡＴ标准。ＩＳＡ总线的影响力非常大,直到现在仍存在大量ＩＳＡ设备。 ＥＩＳＡ（Ｅｘｔｅｎｄｅｄ　Ｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ　 Ａｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ）,是 ＥＩＳＡ集团（由 Ｃｏｍｐａｑ、ＨＰ、ＡＳＴ等组成）专为３２位ＣＰＵ设计的总线…     

微机SCSI设备的安装方法与安装技巧

很多微机用户都喜欢配置ＳＣＳＩ外部设备，因为ＳＣＳＩ具有稳定性好、速度快、多任务、通用性强等优异特性。当前，提供给微机的 ＳＣＳＩ外部设备品种非常丰富，如 ＳＣＳＩ硬盘、ＳＣＳＩ光驱。ＳＣＳＩ扫描仪、ＭＯ（磁光盘机）、ＳＣＳＩ刻录机（ＣＤ－ＲＷ）、ＳＣＳＩ     

网界要闻

网界要闻ＮＣ阵营筹划ＮＣ标准为推动尚在起步中的网络计算机（ＮＣ）的标准化进程，ＩＢＭ、Ｎｅｔｓｃａｐｅ、Ｎｏｖｅｌ、Ｏｒａｃｌｅ和Ｓｕｎ等ＮＣ联盟的主要厂家日前宣布将共同参与制订ＮＣ的技术规范。几家公司表示要在明年１月份讨论制订ＮＣ标准，并将其提交给...     

分布交互仿真的标准化研究

针对ＤＩＳ的通讯层需求，本文结合网络实践，就如何采用通用的通讯协议（如ＴＣＰ／ＩＰ等）开发ＤＩＳ的通讯软件及提高ＤＩＳ网络的实时性等问题进行了讨论；在应用层，本文分析了ＤＩＳ应用层协议的演变过程，从ＤＩＳ标准化的角度研究分布交互仿真技术的发展趋势。     

Standardization of system and software engineering in Ukraine

The key results in the standardization of system and software engineering in Ukraine are outlined and rationales of the national standardization approaches in this field are presented. All the current national standards in software engineering are reviewed.     

Standardization in Personal Data Protection

The European and national legislations on personal data protection are reviewed. Propositions on the development of standards in personal data protection are considered. A list of published standards and projects that are included in the work program on standardization is presented.     

Standardization revisited: A critical literature review on standards and innovation

Effective ICT standards enable different services to work together while promoting differentiation that facilitates competition and innovation. In order to ensure that the quality of ICT standards is well developed, it is important that these standards and standardization procedures meet certain requirements. This study reviews standardization research in terms of the process of standardization, innovation, and the demand-supply perspective. It draws implications that standards will be one of the important tools for national economic growth and for unconventional strategies of businesses. The analyses, based on the demand-supply framework, finally suggest promising opportunities for potential researchers.     

RFID and sensor integration standards: State and future prospects

In the last few years, the standards development community has seen an increasing interest in the link between sensor and RFID standards. Standardization bodies such as the ISO/IEC and the IEEE are developing new specifications or updating their existing ones to reflect this interest. During this process, collaborations that span throughout several standardization documents and bodies have emerged in order to avoid the duplication of efforts and to speed up the standardization process. In the ever complex standardization world, this interconnection of standards makes the current status of the process difficult to understand, specially when most of the documents are still in development and constantly being updated. In this paper, we aim to provide a clearer view of the state of the sensor and RFID integration standardization activities, highlighting the collaboration among standardization bodies and discussing how these standardization processes are likely to evolve.     

我国遥感技术标准化工作及规划

由于遥感技术的标准研究及制订工作远远落后于遥感技术的发展,影响着遥感技术发展和产业化的进程。全国遥感技术标准化技术委员会为适应这一需求,率先在国内组织开展遥感技术标准化研究与标准体系的建立工作。这对于推动我国遥感技术的发展和产业化进程,以及形成具有自主知识产权的国际标准,提高我国在国际标准化舞台上的地位、作用和影响力意义重大。本文分析了国内外有关遥感技术标准方面的研究现状,介绍了我国遥感技术标准化技术委员会及其工作情况,初步提出了我国遥感技术标准化工作计划和发展策略。     

Strategy for technology standardization based on the theory of entropy

Technology standardization has received a lot of attention in industries. Effective standardization strategies can bring many business benefits and help firms to achieve and sustain competitive advantages. In this paper, a systems perspective is proposed that may help in understanding the strategies for technology standardization. Based on an in-depth analysis of the characteristics of technology standards and industrial innovation, this paper applies the theories of entropy to technology standardization and analyzes the interrelationship between technology standards and industrial innovations. We found that applying the theory of entropy to the analysis of technology standardization can help firms to better understand the interrelationship between technology standards and industrial innovations.     

Avoiding surprises: some thoughts on standards

Standardization, at both the national and international level, can affect a firm's competitive advantage. Does your organization have a voice in these important deliberations? If you're not “at the table”, you'll have little or no chance to propose your own ideas for consideration in a national or international standard. Think about what is important to your organization and how you can achieve competitive advantage through your standardization efforts, It costs relatively little to contribute to the voluntary standards process, and the rewards can be enormous, ANSI is available to assist with your standardization efforts, so make use of our resources     

基于知识关联的典型业务场景数字标准智能化应用研究

在技术革命、数字化生存、国家战略、能源革命多重浪潮的叠加之下，电网企业作为能源行业的核心枢纽，实施数字化转型已经成为必然趋势。本文围绕基于场景的数字标准应用模式，首先分析了基于场景的标准化通用理论模式，探讨如何将场景单元需求与标准条款知识内容进行知识关联，以便更好地应用标准，为数字标准的应用提供路径。然后，结合数字标准的特点，通过分析构建数字标准应用的总体思路和应用逻辑，理清了基于场景的数字标准应用模式的内在关系。最后，以运维检修模块为例，分析基于知识关联的典型业务场景数字标准智能化应用可行性和有效性，为持续深挖业务应用场景需求、充分释放标准价值具有参考意义。     

Enabling interoperability for LMS educational services

Nowadays, e-learning is undergoing a standardization process. In this paper, an overview of e-learning standardization state of the art is provided and the relationship between Learning Management System (LMS) functionalities and current e-learning standards is presented. Some lacks are found and the importance of defining new standards to cover several LMS aspects is justified. This work describes new e-service specifications for LMS final user application functionalities in order to cover such lacks. In addition, a web-based authoring tool has been implemented according to these new specifications, generating XML files. In this way, interoperability between different new LMS aspects is enabled.     

3D extension to GKS

The Graphical Kernel System GKS has [1] been established as the first standard in the field of Computer Graphics covering two-dimensional (2D) graphics. Now work is going on to develop standards in related areas. One important effort is the extension of GKS for three-dimensional (3D) graphics. This paper will briefly overview the history of standardization efforts with respect to 3D graphics and then report the current activities of various national and international standardization bodies for extending GKS to 3D. Then the paper will concentrate on GKS-3D [2], a proposal for a 3D extension of GKS which is developed by the Dutch standardization committee NNI in close collaboration with the International Organization for Standardization ISO/TC97/SC21/WG2. Technical work is expected to finish in 1985. Scope and purpose of this future 3D standard and goals of the design are given and the functionality of the 3D extension is described in some detail. As technical work on GKS-3D is going on, changes may occur to the standard document. The major issues will be surveyed and trends will be sketched.