Hot Mechanical Properties of 24Cr‐14Ni High Alloy Billets

24Cr‐14Ni alloys have gained importance in high temperature applications. Because of δ‐ferrite and α phase formation, 24Cr‐14Ni austenitic stainless steel billets are difficult to hot work. The mechanical properties at high temperature of such stainless steels are investigated on a hot tensile test machine according to hot‐rolling conditions, under different time and temperature regimes. These 24Cr‐14Ni stainless steels were also hot rolled under various reduction ratios. The influences of the reduction ratio on the hot mechanical properties and phase transformation from δ‐ferrite into σ phase in 24Cr‐14Ni stainless steels are discussed in detail. The results obtained can be a contribution to improve the hot rolling of this high alloy stainless steel.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Bulk Amorphous Steel Fe55M2Cr12Mo10B5C13Y2(M=Ni,Cu,Nb)

Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2,Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys with diameter of 4 mm were produced by copper mold casting. The effect of alloying additions (Ni,Cu or Nb) on corrosion resistance of Fe55 Ni2 Cr2Mo10 B6 C13 Y2,Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55 Cu2 Cr12 Mo10 B6 C13 Y2 alloys was studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13 Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13 Y2 alloys can be cast to form bulk metallic glasses. Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13 Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12 Mo10B6C13Y2 amorphous alloys with passive potential about 1500 mV exhibit good corrosion resistance in NaCl solution of 5 % and 1 mol/L HC1 solution. The passive current density of the alloy with Ni addition is lower than that of other alloys. EIS results only show one impedance element. Amorphous alloy Fe55 Ni2 Cr12 Mo10 B6 C13 Y2 with larger charge transfer reaction resistance indicates good corrosion resistance.     

固溶温度对00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢组织和耐点腐蚀的影响

通过显微组织分析、动电位极化曲线和均匀腐蚀全浸试验研究了00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢固溶温度1050~1150℃对该钢组织和人工海水中的耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,固溶温度影响马氏体时效不锈钢的组织均匀性和晶粒尺寸,进而影响该钢的抗点腐蚀能力;00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢适宜的固溶温度为1100℃,经1100℃ 1 h固溶处理后,其年腐蚀速率仅为1.09μm/a,击穿电位为300 mV。     

重载齿轮钢的高温性能

 通过Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机高温拉伸试验,对比研究了17Cr2Ni2MoVNb和17Cr2Ni2Mo钢的高温性能。结果表明：因微合金元素V（0.1%,质量分数,下同）、Nb（0.036%）产生细晶强化及固溶强化,17Cr2Ni2MoVNb 钢的抗拉强度比17Cr2Ni2Mo钢稍高。在低N（0.0057%）含量的17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢中,V和Nb对热塑性的危害很小。而高N（0.0130%）含量的17Cr2Ni2Mo钢在600～900 ℃及1050～1200 ℃温度区间塑性低于17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢。N含量及相变温度不同导致第二期AlN析出量不同及铁素体先后析出,是造成两试验钢塑性差别的主要原因。     

Effect of Surface Tension on Gas Atomization of a CrMnNi Steel Alloy

The aim of the current research is the experimental investigation of the mass median particle size d₅₀ as a function of surface tension for liquid Cr–Mn–Ni steel alloy with 16% Cr, 7% Mn, and 9% Ni. To modify the liquid steel design sulfur was add to the Cr–Mn–Ni steel in five steps up to a 1000 mass ppm. The surface tension of the liquid steel alloy was measured using maximum bubble pressure method and yttria stabilized capillary in a temperature range from 1701 to 1881 K. In addition, the same steel charges were sprayed to steel powder using a vacuum inert gas atomization using pure argon gas. The increase of sulfur in Cr–Mn–Ni steel will decrease the surface tension to 0.91 N m^?1. The temperature coefficient of surface tension is positive for all investigated Cr–Mn–Ni alloys due to a sulfur content ≥100 mass ppm. The final mass median particle size d₅₀ decreases from 54.3 µm for AISI 304 reference steel alloy to 17.1 µm for Cr–Mn–Ni steel alloy (16‐7‐9 S10) with the highest sulfur content and the lowest surface tension of all investigated liquid steels. It is concluded from the present work that surface tension is the decisive factor in adjusting d₅₀ at a constant spraying parameters.     

A Comparative Study of Ratcheting Fatigue Behavior of Modified 9Cr–1Mo Steel and Inconel 617 Alloy at Homologous Temperature of 0.42

The modified 9Cr–1Mo steel and Inconel (IN) 617 superalloy are high-temperature alloys of prime importance in several industrial applications. Both of these are used at elevated temperature for various piping and tubing components and undergo asymmetric cyclic loading; therefore, it is highly essential to assess their resistance to accumulation of inelastic strain (ratcheting) under asymmetric stress cycling. In this study, ratcheting behavior of these alloys is compared at the homologous temperature of 0.42, under uniaxial asymmetric stress loading with positive mean stress. Deformation behavior of the tested samples is analyzed by transmission electron microscope. While there is homogeneous deformation in the modified 9Cr–1Mo steel, there is intersection of slip bands and presence of dislocation tangles in the IN 617 alloy. Fracture surface of the modified 9Cr–1Mo steel, tested under asymmetric cyclic loading, reveals typical ductile fracture resulting from tensile loading, whereas there is characteristic fatigue fracture of the IN 617 alloy.     

耐蚀合金G3、G3-Z和825热加工性的研究

用Thermomacmaster-Z热模拟机和TEM,SEM研究了G3(%:0.012C、46.51Ni、24.71Cr、8.88Mo、1.15W、1.72Cu、0.10Nb)、G3-Z(%:0.014C、46.53Ni、24.05Cr、6.89Mo、1.09W、1.70Cu)和825耐蚀合金(%:0.006C、43.77Ni、22.10Cr、3.24Mo、1.90Cu、0.86Ti)1 030～1 300℃、应变量(ε)0～0.8、应变速率1～2.5 s^-1的应力-应变曲线和温度对合金最大应力和断面收缩率的影响,并分析了合金发生动态再结晶的影响因素。结果表明,G3、G3-Z、825合金动态再结晶的晶粒大小随温度补偿系数Z的增大而减小;G3、G3-Z、825合金适宜的热加工温度范围分别为1 100～1 240℃、1 130～1 220℃和1 050～1 240℃。     

超级奥氏体不锈钢的高温变形行为

 为了研究超级奥氏体不锈钢Cr20Ni24Mo6N钢的高温变形行为,采用Gleeble热模拟试验机进行了等温压缩试验,建立了合金的热加工图。结果表明,当变形温度为1 000～1 200 ℃时,Cr20Ni24Mo6N钢的流变曲线表现出典型的“加工硬化＋动态再结晶软化”特点;Cr20Ni24Mo6N钢的热激活能[Q]为678.656 kJ/mol。通过加工图与微观组织综合分析得出,超级奥氏体不锈钢Cr20Ni24Mo6N的合适热加工工艺为,应变速率10 s－1左右,应变量0.5～0.8,变形温度1 150～1 200 ℃。     

超低碳马氏体时效不锈钢00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W的组织和性能

试验用00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W钢(/%:0.007C,13.23Cr,7.02Ni,5.06Co,3.72Mo,0.96W)由50 kg真空感应炉熔炼,铸成10 kg锭,锻成55 mm×55 mm方坯并轧成3 mm×60 mm带材。利用热力学计算软件ThermoCalc分析该钢的析出行为,并采用金相显微镜、透射电镜和动电位极化法,研究了该钢的组织结构、力学性能和腐蚀性能。结果表明,R相是马氏体时效不锈钢在时效处理过程中的主要强化相;为获得细小、弥散的R相和良好的强韧性配合,确定最佳热处理工艺为1100℃固溶+490℃时效,钢的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为1 320MPa、1 450 MPa和10.8%;马氏体时效不锈钢00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W点蚀击穿电位为230 mV,人工海水中年平均腐蚀率为1.51μm/a,具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Electrochemical Behavior of Bulk Amorphous Steel Fe55M2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2（M=Ni, Cu, Nb）

 Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2,Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys with diameter of 4mm were produced by copper mold casting. The role of alloying additions (Ni, Cu or Nb) on corrosion resistance of Fe55Nb2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2, Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys were studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results show that Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and Fe55Cu2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 alloys can be cast into bulk metallic glasses. Fe55Ni2Cr12Mo10B6C13Y2 and     

激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法在中低合金钢成分分析中的应用研究

将激光剥蚀(LA)固体直接进样技术与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)联用,并应用于中低合金钢成分分析。通过选取中低合金钢中各组分元素的分析线波长、扣除干扰背景、校正激光参数和选取基体元素Fe(274.9 nm)作为内标元素校正信号的漂移,建立了中低合金钢中Al、As、B、C、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Nb、Ni、P、S、Sb、Si、Sn、Ti、V、W、Zr 20种元素的LA-ICP-OES定量分析方法。研究结果表明:校准曲线的线性相关系数除硼、碳和硫外,其他元素都在0.9或0.99以上;各元素的检出限比较低,能满足中低合金钢的测定要求。方法用于测定中低合金钢标样中的上述20种元素,除个别元素在个别样品上的测定结果偏差稍大外,其他元素的测定值与认定值一致。     

Characterization of Electroslag Remelted Super Hard High Speed Tool Steel Containing Niobium

In this work, thermodynamical equilibria have been calculated for super hard high speed tool steel (HSS), AISI M41 composition belonging to the multicomponent system Fe–C–Cr–W–Mo–V–Co as well as for its three different variant containing niobium. Some temperature‐concentration diagram for both class of alloys are presented and calculated quantities (melting and transformations, amount and composition of phases) are compared with experimental data. Effect of niobium and high cooling rate during electroslag remelting on the precipitated carbides were discussed. In this work, the effect of niobium on morphology of carbides secondary hardening temperature and wear rate of investigated HSSs were studied. This work aims to study the effect of niobium as alloying element on precipitated carbides type and shape, in addition to study the effect of precipitated carbides after full heat treatment on secondary hardening and wear resistance for investigated steels.     

微合金化高强度钢轧制采用的工艺技术

本文综述微合金化高强度钢轧制采用的工艺技术，其中包括热装热送、板坯加热、控轧控冷、快速冷却、采用的新设备等工艺技术。重点是生产低碳、高韧性、高强度、易焊接的造船用钢采用形变热处理技术，以提高产量和质量，节省昂贵的Ｎｉ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｏ等合金，降低生产成本。     

Microstructure and properties of hot‐rolled high strength multiphase steels for automotive application

Effects of alloying with combinations of the elements Mo, Cr and B on the bainite transformation behaviour and microstructure of hot‐rolled high strength sheet steels microalloyed with mass contents of Ti and Nb, 0.05 or 0.15 % C and 1.5 % Mn have been studied. The relationships between microstructures formed in the steels coiled at various temperatures and their mechanical properties have been investigated. The 0.15 % C microalloyed steel alloyed with Mo,Cr and B with a complex bainitic microstructure was found to have distinctive high performance behaviour combining continuous yielding, high tensile strength and plasticity after coiling in a wide temperature region. The strain hardening of the micro‐constituents typical for the investigated steels has been analysed to have a better understanding of the mechanical properties of complex phase microstructures in low alloy ferrous alloys. It was found that bainitic ferrite with austenitemartensite islands as a second phase leads to high strength and adequate elongation. The features of the bainite formation in the Mo, Cr and B alloyed CMn steel microalloyed with Ti and Nb during slow cooling from temperatures between 650 and 550 °C was studied by dilatometry.     

时效处理对00Crl3Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢组织及耐蚀性的影响

采用动电位极化曲线、均匀腐蚀全浸试验研究了50 kg真空感应炉冶炼的00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢（/%:0.007C,13.23Cr,7.02 Ni,5.06Co,3.72Mo,0.96W）1100℃1 h固溶,450510℃8 h时效后的耐蚀性能,通过金相显微镜、透射电镜、XRD分析了马氏体时效不锈钢的组织。结果表明,随时效温度升高时效过程析出R相增加,导致钢的耐点腐蚀性下降,同时由马氏体逆转变的奥氏体数量增加,可改善该钢的耐腐蚀性能。00Cr13Ni7Co5Mo4W马氏体时效不锈钢适宜的热处理工艺为1100℃1 h固溶+470℃8 h时效,其年腐蚀速率为1.259 0 μm/a,点蚀击穿电位为252 mV。     

00Cr17Ni14Mo2不锈钢热轧中板工艺质量改进研究

通过对00Cr17Ni14Mo2热轧不锈钢板缺陷的研究,剖析缺陷类型和形成机理,针对性地进行炼钢成分设计,使得00Cr17Ni14Mo2热轧不锈钢板缺陷得以消除,热轧板质量稳步提升。     

双层辉光多元共渗合金元素的吸收率

在20钢基材上,利用双层辉光离子渗金属技术进行Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu多元共渗.通过回归分析,并用非线性规划得出双辉离子渗金属合金元素吸收率的最佳工艺参数为源极电压1050V,工件电压250V,极间距15.431mm,气压35Pa.     

00Cr25Ni7Mo4N超级双相不锈钢热加工性能的研究

通过Gleeble热模拟机对真空感应炉熔炼的00Cr25Ni7Mo4N锻材进行高温拉伸和单道次及连续4道次压缩试验。结果表明,在900～1 250℃的范围内随温度提高和在950～1 100℃时随道次递增,00Cr25Ni7Mo4N钢的最大变形抗力逐渐下降;在1 050～1 250℃时,00Cr25Ni7Mo4N钢的变形抗力较低,断面收缩率高于60%,具有较好的热塑性;当应变速率为10/s且温度高于1 000℃,及应变速率为50/s且温度高于1 100℃时,钢的热加工性较好。