中小软件企业软件过程管理与改进策略

针对我国中小软件企业的软件过程现状,从改进对象、过程模型、开发个体、自评估、辅助工具等方面提出了几点策略,并提出了中小软件企业软件过程管理与评估系统的简要设计思路,旨在为我国中小软件企业的软件过程管理与改进工作提供建议。     

Enabling Software Process Improvement: An Investigation of the Importance of Organizational Issues

This doctoral study was initiated to explore the relative importance of organizational issues in software process improvement. It is based on a pilot case study, a multiple case study of twelve organizations, and a quantitative survey among 120 software organizations. The findings from the investigations suggest that the key to successful learning is a continuous and simultaneous dialectic interplay between the knowledge that the organization has established over time, and the knowing of the organization's members in their respective contexts. Also, the findings indicate that success depends critically on six organizational factors. Finally, the findings show that there are important differences between small and large software organizations, specifically in the ways in which they react to unstable and changing stimulus situations.     

Knowledge Management for Building Learning Software Organizations

Due to the steadily increasing demands of the market, strategic management of knowledge assets, or learning organizations, are becoming a must in industrial software development. This paper presents work done at Fraunhofer IESE, where learning organizations for software development organizations are being developed and transferred into industrial practice. It describes how learning organizations for the software domain can be built upon both mature approaches from Software Engineering like the experience factory model and industrial strength technology from knowledge management. A system to support the learning software organization is sketched and experiences regarding the implementation of this system and learning software organizations in general are presented.     

中小软件企业项目风险管理过程的分析与研究

从我国中小软件企业的软件项目管理现状出发,在分析CMMI和其他当前流行的风险管理模型的基础上,提出中小软件企业软件项目风险管理过程的设计思路,为我国中小软件企业的项目风险管理过程提供建议和参考。     

中小型软件企业生产过程改进方法与工具的研究

系统阐述了中小型软件企业软件开发的现状和软件过程改进的原理，并就如何建立一套适合企业自身特点的软件过程改进方法，以及如何利用工具软件辅助过程改进提出了一些建议。     

Exploring the Belief Systems of Software Development Professionals

It is commonly accepted that an individual's beliefs and actions are based on his or her assessment and perceptions of the world. In order to determine what practices an individual is likely to follow at any given time, it is necessary to understand the individual's behavioral intention in a given circumstance. From an Information Technology perspective, a software development professional's belief systems are potentially the basis for the adoption and implementation of new and innovative work practices and processes. In this article, we explore the belief systems of software development professionals in order to understand the beliefs underlying intention and practice, and we seek answers about how they adopt or reject new and innovative software development processes and practices. The results point out a strong influence of past experiences, personality types, and repeated behavior on current software development processes and practices in industrial settings.     

Risks to Effective Knowledge Sharing in Agile Software Teams: A Model for Assessing and Mitigating Risks

We present an empirically grounded and theoretically informed model for the assessment and mitigation of risks to effective knowledge sharing in agile development. The model is anchored in empirical insights from four agile projects across two software companies and in extant research on risk‐strategy analysis and knowledge sharing in software development. We develop the model as part of the long‐standing tradition of presenting risk management models dedicated to specific issues in software development and confirm its practical usefulness in one of the software companies studied. The model offers concepts and processes to assess a project's knowledge sharing risk profile and articulate an overall resolution strategy plan to mitigate the risks. The results highlight how different knowledge sharing risk management profiles can lead to different project performance outcomes. We conclude with a discussion of research opportunities that the results offer software development scholarship. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

Software Process Improvement Problems in Twelve Software Companies: An Empirical Analysis

In this paper we discuss our study of the problems 12 software companies experienced in software development. In total we present qualitative data collected from 45 focus groups that involved over 200 software staff. We look at how different practitioner groups respond to software process improvement problems. We show our classification and analysis of this data using correspondence analysis. Correspondence analysis is a graphical data representation method new to software development research. The aim of the work we present is to develop a more holistic understanding of the problems practitioners are experiencing in their attempts to improve their software processes. Our main finding is that there is an association between a company's capability maturity and patterns of reported problems. Organizational problems are more associated with high maturity companies than with low maturity companies. Low maturity companies are closely linked to problems relating directly to projects such as documentation, timescales, tools and technology. Our findings also confirm differences in practitioner group problems. Senior managers cite problems with goals, culture and politics. Project managers are concerned with timescales, change management, budgets and estimates. Developers are experiencing problems with requirements, testing, documentation, communication, tools and technology. These associations are displayed graphically through correspondence analysis maps.     

"知识管理"在软件企业中应用的分析和研究

在新经济时代,知识经济越来越被人们所推崇,同时知识管理也正成为一个热门话题,越来越多的企业正忙于建设企业级知识库, 推行企业缀的知识管理。该文就如何在软件企业中推行知识管理进行了探讨。     

基于软件过程的质量管理

随着信息技术的发展,软件在各行各业发挥了巨大作用,并形成了自己的产业。软件产品的功能度和复杂性要比制造业的产品高得多,它在投入使用后,所能发挥的功效也是其他任何形式的硬件产品所无法比拟的。目前,软件产品的质量问题主要来自开发过程。本文结合作者的项目经历就基于软件过程的软件质量管理做一些探讨。     

软件项目管理流程分析与设计

针对软件项目和项目开发中的复杂性、易变性和不可预见性,研究了软件项目管理流程方法,设计了软件项目运作过程的总体流程,分析了各阶段流程的进入条件、主要工作过程和工作结果.     

Empirical Measurement of the Effects of Cultural Diversity on Software Quality Management

The difficulties of achieving social acceptance for Software Quality Management systems have been underestimated in the past, and they will be exacerbated in the future by the globalization of the software market and the increasing use of cross-cultural development teams within multinational companies. Management that can take account of the cultural context of their endeavours will improve understanding, minimize risk and ensure a higher degree of success in improvement programs within the software industry.This paper addresses cross-cultural issues in Software Quality Management. Qualitative and quantitative research was carried out in five European countries by using a postal questionnaire. Empirical measures of organizational culture, national culture and their interdependence, are presented together with interim instruments developed for the purpose of classifying organizations. Verification of the statistical results from the survey was carried out by triangulation, which included qualitative research methods in the form of interviews and observation. Cultural factors, which may have bearing on successful adoption and implementation of Software Quality Management were identified, and an assessment model, has been developed for use by organizations developing software in different parts of the world. The intention is that the recommendations following from the assessment will lead to greater cultural awareness in addressing quality, and will provide stimulus for improvement. The model's aims is to predict to what degree there is a fit between the organizational and the national culture, and to give recommendations and guidelines for software process improvement.     

软件过程与管理方法综述

工程化软件开发需要对软件开发整个过程进行有效的组织和管理,由此产生了一系列软件开发组织和管理方法,其主要目的是形成一种载体,用以积累和传递关于软件开发的经验教训.然而,由于软件开发的一些天然特性(比如复杂性和不可见性)的存在,使得描述软件开发过程的软件开发与组织方法也天然地带着一定的抽象性.由此带来了很多概念上的误导和实践中的争论,影响了上述目的的达成.例如,对于究竟该如何选择和定义合适的软件开发过程以更好地满足某个特定项目的要求,目前仍然缺少可靠的手段.甚至有些面向工业界的调研报告表明:在实际软件项目开发中,过程改进(例如引入新的工具或者方法)的主要驱动力是佚闻.试图厘清软件组织与管理话题的若干核心概念,系统梳理软件组织和管理方法的特征,并且以软件发展的历史为主线,介绍软件组织与管理方法的历史沿革,整理出这种历史沿革背后的缘由.在此基础上,讨论和总结若干发现,以期为研究者和实践者提供参考.     

Case-Based Knowledge Management Tools for Software Development

Modern software development is a knowledge-intensive activity. The proliferation of development tools, rapidly changing technology, and increasing complexity and diversity of application domains all increase the cognitive burden placed on software developers. General purpose programming languages and CASE tools offer little relief from these problems. Knowledge management tools are needed that can effectively capture and disseminate software development knowledge that applies to the domain-specific needs of an organization. This knowledge is not static, but evolves with technology and the changing needs of the organizations development practices, customer base, and business milieu.This paper presents an infrastructure that supports evolving knowledge through case-based techniques and domain analysis methods that capture emerging knowledge and synthesize it into generally applicable forms. The approach is less concerned with the veracity of knowledge in its repository than evolving the knowledge toward answers to problems that fit the organizations technical and business context. Implications of this approach go beyond supporting software development to other knowledge-intensive professions where knowledge management tools can be used to support an organizational memory.     

软件企业知识管理的思考

首先介绍了知识管理和组织学习的概念，从它们在软件过程改进中的应用－能力成熟度模型开始，对知识与知识技术和软件知识技术进行了述评，包括知识转换模型，知识与知识技术，软件工程知识体系，对象技术等，指出了中国软件企业面临的挑战，最后，举例说明软件企业如何进行知识管理。     

基于本体的软件测试知识管理模型研究

本文针对知识管理在软件测试领域的具体应用，提出了一个基于本体的软件测试知识管理模型，其关注的主要对象是软件测试过程中产生的具有高知识密集性的创造性文档。该模型的主要思想是：将软件测试知识分为个人知识和组织知识，并以本体索引的自由文本为软件测试知识的方式得以表示和组织，然后根据SWEBOK软件测试领域本体得到分类保存，最终目的是协助软件测试知识以“知识螺旋”的方式得以共享和重用。     

企业知识管理系统

首先简要介绍了知识管理及知识管理系统的背景以及现有的一些研究成果。就企业实施知识管理的意义展开了讨论,对当前知识管理研究领域的系统观、工具和技术观作出了分析和评价。其次详细地说明了不同的知识管理技术和知识管理工具的作用和特点,并简单介绍了当前常用的知识管理技术和工具,研究比较了多种不同的知识管理工具分类选择方法。     

面向软件测试过程的知识管理方法的研究与实现

在软件测试组织中,对测试过程中的知识进行有效的管理,是提升组织整体测试水平的关键.一个重要的研究问题是怎样将知识管理过程与软件测试过程有效集成,从而促进知识资产在软件测试组织中的传播与重用.给出了软件测试领域知识管理子系统的体系结构、主要功能以及使用流程,对一些关键技术进行了探讨.最后,给出了知识地图模块的设计与实现,验证了本文所实现的软件测试领域知识管理系统的合理性和有效性.     

软件需求变更管理的系统动力学仿真建模

软件需求变更频繁发生,给软件项目造成了诸多威胁.能否对需求变更进行有效的控制管理,决定着软件的成败.使用系统动力学方法对软件需求变更管理过程进行仿真建模,可以动态地分析并预测需求变更产生的原因以及变更对软件项目造成的影响;对软件需求变更管理过程改进进行系统动力学仿真,亦可以辅助软件项目组织选择合适的过程改进策略.因此,基于系统动力学方法,参考了敏捷过程进行开源软件需求变更管理过程的建模和模型检测.以Spring Framework项目为研究案例,进行该项目3.2.x分支的软件需求变更管理过程的系统动力学仿真分析,并对需求变更管理进行过程改进仿真.通过对过程改进的仿真结果进行比对,说明各改进策略均降低了基线数据的软件缺陷率,提高了软件质量.根据软件项目的成本和进度要求,给出了过程改进建议.     

软件变化管理系统研究

软件变化管理是软件开发管理的一个关键因素 .本文研究了软件变化管理的目标、主要内容以及相应的支持系统 ,提出与配置管理和过程管理系统相结合的软件变化管理系统结构 ,并介绍一个实际软件变化管理系统的实现