碳纳米管在表面工程中的应用

综述了碳纳米管的结构、制备方法及其潜在的应用领域.着重讨论了碳纳米管在表面工程中的应用方面的研究现状及其进展.     

碳纳米管材料的制备及其应用研究进展

碳纳米管是由高度石墨化碳原子组成的管状结构,它的sp2轨道杂化结构使其具有独特的物理及化学性能,如机械强度高、吸附性能好、化学性能稳定、导电性好,在力学、电学和能源存储等方面都具有广泛的应用前景。然而,碳纳米管生长是一个非常复杂的过程,原料组成、制备方法和环境条件都会对碳纳米管的生长速度、形貌和性能产生重要影响。通过调控碳纳米管生长过程可以获得形状不一、性能不同的碳纳米管。本文综述了制备方法、衬底材料、催化剂、生长气氛对碳纳米管形貌和性能的影响,讨论了碳纳米管的生长机理,总结了碳纳米管在能源存储、材料增韧、催化产氢等领域的应用,分析了碳纳米管的制备和可控生长面临的问题及未来发展方向,以期为碳纳米管的可控生长、大规模制备提供参考。     

碳纳米管/ZM5镁合金复合材料的制备与力学性能研究

采用搅拌铸造法制备了碳纳米管/ZM5镁合金复合材料,研究了搅拌法加入碳纳米管的工艺特点,测试了复合材料的力学性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析对复合材料断口形貌进行了观察和分析.研究结果表明：当搅拌温度接近于ZM5镁合金液相线温度时,碳纳米管能较好的加入到镁合金熔体中.与基体合金相比,复合材料的抗拉强度、弹性模量、显微硬度显著增加,伸长率最大可提高110%,但是碳纳米管加入量过多会导致偏聚,使力学性能下降.碳纳米管能细化复合材料的晶粒组织,并且起搭接晶粒和承载变形抗力的作用.     

纳米碳管增强镁基材料的复合工艺及性能研究

采用正交试验方法研究了碳纳米管加入量、复合温度、搅拌时间等工艺参数对用铸造方法制备纳米碳管增强镁基复合材料过程的影响,并探讨了这些工艺参数对复合材料力学性能和显微组织的作用.试验结果表明:碳纳米管(CNTs)能明显细化复合材料的晶粒组织,提高复合材料的抗拉强度、伸长率.在3个工艺参数中,CNTs对材料的力学性能影响最大,其含量约为1%时对力学性能最为有利;其次是加热温度,温度取低值(680 ℃)较好;搅拌时间在3 min时,其综合性能较好.影响材料拉伸强度的3个因素最优组合为A 2B 1C 3,影响伸长率的3个因素的最优组合为A 2B 1C 3.     

纳米碳管增强铝基复合材料的工艺及性能研究

采用正交试验方法研究了碳纳米管加入量、加入碳纳米管时的温度、凝固速度、浇注温度等工艺参数,对用半固态复合铸造法制备纳米碳管增强铝基复合材料过程的影响,并探讨了这些工艺参数对复合材料力学性能的作用。结果表明:碳纳米管(CNTs)能细化复合材料的晶粒组织,明显提高复合材料的抗拉强度、硬度。得出实验的最佳工艺参数为:碳纳米管的加入量为2%,加入碳纳米管时的温度为600℃,采用金属型铸造,浇注温度为680℃时,其综合性能最好;在4个工艺参数中,CNTs的加入量对材料的力学性能影响最大。     

Dispersion and Damage of Carbon Nanotubes in Carbon Nanotube/7055AI Composites During High-Energy Ball Milling Process

High-energy ball milling (HEBM) combined with powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced 7055Al composites.Two powder morphology evolution processes (HEBM-1 and HEBM-2) were designed to investigate the dispersion and damage of CNTs during HEBM process.HEBM-1 evolution process involved powder flattening,cold-welding and fracture,while HEBM-2 evolution process consisted of powder flattening and fracture.For HEBM-1,the repetitive fracture and cold-welding process was effective for dispersing CNTs.However,the powder flattening process in HEBM-2 was unsuccessful in dispersing CNTs due to two reasons: (1) the thickness of flaky Al powders exceeded the critical value,and (2) the clustered CNTs embedded in flaky Al powders could not be unravelled.Because of the broadening of D band and the appearance of a new defect-related D'band,product of ID/IG and full width half maximum of D band,rather than ID/IG,was used to evaluate the actual damage of CNTs.It indicates that the damage of CNTs was severe in powder flattening and fracture stages,while the damage of CNTs was small in powder cold-welding stage.     

Ingenious Interlacement of CoNiO2 on Carbon Nanotubes for Highly Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries

Nickel-cobalt oxide is considered as a promising anode for lithium-ion battery, owing to its high specific capacity, simple synthesis process and high safety. However, like most transition metal oxide anode materials, nickel-cobalt oxide suffers from poor conductivity, easy agglomeration and large volume expansion in the charging and discharging process, causing an inferior cycling lifespan. Here we report a structure design that CoNiO₂ particles are ingeniously interlaced on carbon nanotubes by a simple solvothermal method. These nanotubes are irregularly intertwined to obtain an independent electrode structure with high electronic conductivity, which can also alleviate the notorious volume expansion. Consequently, the corresponding lithium-ion battery shows superior electrochemical performance. It provides a discharge capacity of 1213.7 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹, and can be stable over 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 96.45%. Furthermore, the battery can also deliver a reversible capacity of 544.8 mAh g⁻¹ at the high current density 3 A g⁻¹. This work provides a unique idea for the performance improvement of nickel-cobalt oxide anode for lithium-ion batteries.     

添加碳纳米管对选区激光熔化AlSi10Mg合金缺陷的影响

利用选区激光熔化成形技术制备了纯AlSi10Mg合金及碳纳米管(carbon nanotubes,CNTs)-AlSi10Mg复合材料。当添加CNTs含量为0.05%(质量分数)时具有一定增强效果,但随着CNTs添加量增大,复合材料性能却因为缺陷的增加而明显下降。木实验利用纳米CT技术对纯合金及CNTs(0.5%)-AlSi10Mg复合材料进行缺陷的三维重构。结果表明,添加0.5%的CNTs后,成形缺陷体积所占比例由12%增加至46%;气孔型缺陷数量明显增加,并且等效直径相对较大。CNTs在粉体中的团聚及对气体的吸附作用是两种类型缺陷增加的根本原因。     

碳纳米管及其在汽车中的应用前景

碳纳米管作为一种新型功能材料已受到人们的高度重视并逐步获得应用。本文简单地介绍了碳纳米管的性能和制备方法，分析了碳纳米管在汽车中潜在的若干方面的应用前景，包括储氢材料、超级电容器、锂离子电池电极材料等。     

卡铂在多壁碳纳米管玻碳电极上的电化学行为及测定的研究

采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究了卡铂在多壁碳纳米管玻碳电极(MWCNTs/GCE)上的电化学行为并建立了卡铂的测定方法。结果表明:卡铂在多壁碳纳米管玻碳电极上有一对氧化还原峰,氧化峰电位Epa与还原峰电位Epc分别为0.73 V、0.26 V,峰电位之差为ΔE=0.47 V,Ipa/Ipc=1.57。在优化条件下,卡铂的氧化峰电流与其浓度在0.22~0.67 mmol/L范围内成良好的线性关系(r=0.9942),检出限为0.2 mmol/L。方法操作简便,准确可靠、灵敏度高,可用于卡铂含量的直接测定。