永磁磁阻发电机的电压控制

普通永磁同步发电机由于励磁不可调,端电压随转速或负载变化而变化,影响了供电品质.本文提出一种永磁磁阻发电机的电压控制策略,通过与发电机并联的电力电子装置,对其补偿适当励磁所需的无功电流,来保持发电机端电压的稳定.本文阐述了该发电机系统的结构、原理、电机的数学模型和电压控制方法.仿真实验证明该方法可在一定的转速和负载变化范围内保持端电压不变,补偿电流较小.     

Three-phase voltage-fed type PWM power converter via power factor control

Recently, the voltage-fed type PWM converters have been investigated for their ideal and inherent properties as a dc power source. However, the current control system generally used may be somewhat complicated due to dc voltage detection. We propose here a simple control system of the PWM converter using the power factor control in which dc voltage detection is not always needed. In this system, the dc voltage is given by the line voltage and the modulating index of the PWM converter. The principle of the PWM control system is shown at first. From the simplified circuit model and its phasor diagrams, some basic relations of the PWM converter system are obtained and some fundamental characteristics are shown. From these investigations, it is seen that the phase control region is restricted to a certain angle, which depends on the setting power factor, the modulating bypass index of the PWM and the load. Under the operating condition of unity power factor, it is given by ±π/4 for both the converting and inverting operations. The system can be operated over the all-control range of the modulating index by restricting the angle to this critical value for the angle over this control range. The ideal operating characteristics as a dc power source can be verified by some experimental results, including the operating waveforms of line current, the steady state characteristics and the transient response between both operations of the converter and inverter. In this system it is simple to construct the control circuit; it also has some inherent and excellent characteristics as a voltage fed type dc power source. This control system may be applicable to any types of PWM converter used today.     

电网短路时交流励磁风电机组网侧变换器控制策略

电网短路故障时交流励磁用双脉宽调制(PWM)变换器应提供足够的励磁电压实现交流励磁发电机的不间断运行,要求双PWM变换器直流链电压在故障时波动较小。分析并提出一种电网短路故障时交流励磁风电机组电网侧变换器的控制策略,该方案在电压跌落时仅利用电流内环控制电网侧变换器,并于电压正常时采用带前馈的双闭环电压控制策略控制电网侧变换器。通过仿真验证了所提出的方案在电网短路故障发生和切除时稳定控制直流链电压的有效性,为故障过程发电机不脱网励磁控制奠定了基础,同时该方案也能有效保护直流侧电容及提高系统的稳定性。     

永磁直驱风电机组的双PWM变换器协调控制策略

永磁直驱风力发电系统中可采用全功率双脉宽调制（PWM）变换器作为永磁同步发电机（PMSG）的并网电路,当风速变化时,双PWM变换器的直流链电压会随着PMSG输出功率的改变而出现大幅度波动,这将不利于变换器功率器件的安全运行及整个发电系统的稳定运行。结合永磁直驱同步风力发电系统的运行特点,提出一种适用于永磁直驱风电机组的双PWM变换器协调控制策略。系统仿真和实验结果验证了所提出的控制策略的正确性,该方案可显著提高风速变化时双PWM变换器的直流链电压的稳定性,有助于提高发电系统的安全稳定运行能力。     

单位功率因数三相PWM变流器的相量调节方法

本文提出一种基于幅相控制方式单位功率因数三相电压型PWM变流器的相量调节方法。根据相量间的直角三角形关系和能量转换平衡原则，建立了该系统的低频数学模型，分析了系统的相量调节方式。在此基础上，提出一种电流前馈的调节方式，即将直流侧负载电压的变化率转化为到达下一个平衡状态时相位与调制深度的附加控制量，以提高系统的快速性。实验证明：控制系统实现了单位功率因数和能量的双向流动，且输出直流电压恒定可调，相电流的谐波含量非常小，系统动态性能较好。     

A novel induction generator system using bi‐directional PWM converter for small‐scale power applications

This paper presents a deadbeat current control structure for a bidirectional power flow pulse‐width modulation (PWM) converter connected to a stand‐alone induction generator (IG), which works with variable speed and different types of loads. Sensorless control of the IG, meaning stator voltage vector control without a mechanical shaft sensor, is considered to regulate both the IG line‐to‐line voltage and the DC‐bus voltage of the PWM converter. In the proposed system, a newly designed phase locked loop (PLL) circuit is used to determine the stator voltage vector position of the IG. A 2.2 kW laboratory prototype has been built to confirm the feasibility of the proposed method. The proposed cost‐effective IG system with a deadbeat current‐controlled PWM converter and capacitor bank requires only three sensors. Moreover, the required rating of the PWM converter becomes smaller due to the existence of the capacitor bank. © 2006 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

柔性功率调节器用变换器故障状态运行特性分析

双PWM变换器是柔性功率调节器(FPC)的一个重要组成部分，由于FPC需要在电力系统发生扰动和故障的情况下运行，因此研究变换器在电网异常情况下的运行特性非常必要。该文分析PWM变换器可能出现的各种运行状态，确定变换器参数选择的参考依据，并讨论电网电压跌落对变换器运行的影响。同时以最严重的电网三相短路故障为例，分析中间直流电容电压失控问题和FPC转子过电流问题，并提出一种简单有效的解决方法。仿真结果表明该方法具有良好的效果，能保证电力系统故障时FPC的正常运行。     

Advanced control of PWM converter with variable-speed induction generator

This paper describes simple control structures for the vector-controlled stand-alone induction generator (IG) used to operate under variable speeds. Different control principles, indirect vector control and deadbeat current control, are developed for a voltage source pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter and the three-phase variable-speed squirrel-cage IG to regulate dc link and generator voltages with the newly designed phase-locked loop circuit. The required reactive power for the variable-speed IG is supplied by means of the PWM converter and a capacitor bank to buildup the voltage of the IG without the need for a battery, to reduce the rating of the PWM converter with the need for only three sensors, and to eliminate the harmonics generated by the PWM converter. These proposed schemes can be used efficiently for variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. The measurements of the IG systems at various speeds and loads are given and show that these systems are capable of good ac and dc voltage regulations.     

变速恒频风机双PWM变换器协调控制策略研究

为解决变速恒频风机运行中转子侧功率变化频繁,直流母线电压波动剧烈的问题,对双PWM变换器控制策略进行了研究。结合双馈电机的特点,得出了母线负载电流的计算方法,并分析了负载电流前馈策略的不足。提出了一种基于动态功率前馈的新型协调控制策略,特点在于选择控制电压节点作为前馈补偿点,避免了电流环的迟延,并且将双馈电机动态信息整合进入网侧变换器的控制当中。最后建立双PWM励磁的风电机组模型进行仿真验证,结果表明新策略极大改善了直流母线动态特性,因此降低了对变换器中电解电容容量的要求,提高了机组的可靠性。     

A controlled PWM AC/DC converter for a high-speed brushless generator for minimum kVA rating

This paper proposes a control technique for an ac/dc converter and high-speed single-phase brushless ac generator topology with a reactive armature winding. An ac-to-dc pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) converter is used with phase angle control to deliver a controlled power factor for a wide speed range while maintaining a low kVA rating of the converter and the generator. The generator is a flux-switching machine, derived from a combination of the inductor alternator and the switched reluctance machine. The electrical characteristics of the generator are determined from open-circuit, short-circuit, and load tests performed on an experimental generator. A Simulink model is developed for the ac-to-dc PWM converter and the simulated voltage and current waveforms show that the kVA rating of the converter and the generator can be minimized through control of the power factor of the generator. This novel generator is shown to be simple to control and can be used for micro turbine applications and efficient low-cost independent power generation. The converter also allows the machine to be used as an integrated starter alternator.     

直驱永磁同步风力发电机的最佳风能跟踪控制

与双馈交流励磁风力发电系统相比,直驱永磁同步风力发电系统具有结构简单、发电效率及运行可靠性高等优点。文章采用双脉宽调制(pulse-width modulation,PWM)变换器作为直驱永磁同步发电机的并网电路,根据风力机和发电机的运行特性提出了一种基于最佳功率给定的发电机最大风能跟踪控制策略。建立了基于双PWM变换器的直驱永磁同步风力发电实验系统,实验结果验证了所提出控制策略的正确性。该发电系统可实现最大风能跟踪控制、并网有功和无功功率独立控制以及变速恒频发电运行。     

电子变换器调压的无刷直流发电机PWM控制模式及其对电压脉动的影响

介绍了一种由同步电机和全波升压式C－dump变换器构成的新型无刷直流发电机的工作原理,详细分析了发电机的PWM调压模式及其对电压脉动的影响,在此基础上提出了可改善输出电压脉动的PWM控制方案。数字仿真与系统实验验证了理论分析的正确性。     

非对称ZVS Zeta变换器及其驱动控制电路研究

针对一种非对称零电压开关(ZVS)Zeta变换器,通过分析它在连续导电模式(CCM)模式下的各工作状态,论述了其获得ZVS特性的原理,并进行了稳态公式的推导。在此基础上,提出了一种适用于该变换器特点的新型驱动控制电路,包括互补PWM信号产生电路、功率MOS管栅浮置驱动电路、适用于高压输出的采样反馈电路。将该变换器及其控制驱动电路应用于200 V/1.5 A输出的实际电源中,测试结果很好地验证了所述内容的正确性和可行性。     

混合级联型变换器的新型运行策略

提出了一种混合级联型变换器拓扑结构,对混合级联型变换器的工作原理和特性进行了分析.建立了电容电压模型,提出了一种新型运行策略,对系统中的能量进行吸收和释放,实现对电容电压进行充放电控制.在对电容电压进行动态维持的同时,实现高效的PWM调制.仿真结果表明,提出的混合级联型变换器拓扑工作原理正确可行,提出的新型运行策略可显...     

直驱永磁同步风力发电机单位功率因数控制

针对采用传统矢量控制的直驱永磁同步风力发电机存在电机运行功率因数降低的问题,提出一种适用于采用双脉宽调制变换器并网的永磁同步发电机单位功率因数运行控制策略.所提方案在实现永磁直驱风电系统最大风能捕获控制的基础上,通过控制电机侧变换器使电机d轴控制电压为零来实现永磁同步发电机的单位功率因数运行控制.系统仿真和实验结果表明:采用所提运行控制策略可有效实现永磁同步发电机的单位功率因数运行,有助于减小电机侧变换器的运行容量,同时该发电系统可实现最大风能跟踪控制、并网有功和无功功率独立控制以及变速恒频发电运行.     

Single phase transformerless wide range ac boost voltage regulator based on z-source network

This paper proposes a new type of voltage regulator based on single-phase z-source converter that compensates wide range voltage variations. This is not only capable of compensating variations at a much higher bandwidth but also boost the voltage level even twice that of input supply. The proposed system employs a pulse width modulation (PWM) z-source ac–ac converter along with a simple closed loop control. The input rms voltage can be sensed and divided by the desired value to find the instantaneous value of gain, which mathematically calculates the possible duty ratio of PWM switching signal based on the open loop characteristics of the converter. High speed IGBTs are used as bi-directional switch of the ac–ac converter and the circuit ultimately can easily and steadily maintain regulated voltage supply to the end user. The whole system operating principle and analysis are provided. Simulation results show the improvement of voltage disturbances both in voltage rise and fall conditions.     

模块化多电平换流器稳态功率运行范围的确定方法

为了确定模块化多电平换流器(MMC)的稳态运行范围,首先研究了MMC额定运行点的确定方法,介绍了换流变压器阀侧额定电压的选取过程。在此基础上,通过相量图分析的方法,建立了换流器P-Q图与电气相量图间的映射关系,直观地揭示了各个电气量的大小与MMC稳态功率运行范围的关系。分析了内部电动势幅值和相角的可行范围,指出内部电动势的幅值大小是限制MMC无功功率输出大小的主要因素。最后通过一个算例说明了MMC稳态功率运行范围的确定与校验过程。     

小型并网永磁直驱风电系统控制的研究

该文讨论了一种低成本的小型并网永磁直驱风力发电系统。该系统由永磁同步发电机(PMSG)、二极管整流电路、Boost斩波电路和三相电压型PWM逆变器组成。通过控制Boost斩波电路,实现风力发电系统的最大功率跟踪。利用电网电压定向控制技术控制三相电压型PWM逆变器,采用双闭环矢量控制结构,调节直流电压并控制流向电网的无功功率。最后,以15 kW的样机的实验结果验证了系统控制策略的可行性。     

基于数字信号处理器控制的新型全桥移相式零电压零电流开关PWM DC-DC变换器

针对传统的全桥移相式零电压零电流开关（ZVZCS）PwM DC-DC变换器在实现滞后桥臂开关管零电流开关（ZCS）的过程中,存在着辅助谐振电路附加损耗较大、软开关实现方式复杂以及功率开关管电压和电流应力高等缺点,提出了一种通过辅助无源钳位网络来实现软开关的新型全桥ZVZCS PWM DC-DC变换器.分析了变换器的软开关实现原理,并采用TMS320F240 DSP作为控制芯片,设计了变换器数字控制系统.通过一台0.8kW,60kHz的样机验证了这种基于数字控制的软开关变换器相关理论的正确性.