底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响

在结构特点分析的基础上,考虑层间传力关系和横向相邻股道的影响,建立了大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力计算的空间一体化模型和求解方法。计算分析了列车制动和温度变化作用下底座板伸缩刚度对大跨度连续梁桥上CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道纵向力的影响规律,结果表明：列车制动和温度变化作用下系统纵向力变化规律相同,随着底座板伸缩刚度降低,钢轨和桥梁墩台纵向力增加,复合板、剪力齿槽和端刺纵向力减小。     

Vertical dynamic response of the ballastless track on long-span plate-truss cable-stayed bridges

An analytical model is presented to study vertical dynamic response of the ballastless track on long-span plate-truss cable-stayed bridges based on an explicit dynamic analysis method.In the model,the train,ballastless track and bridge are treated as a coupled vibration system with interaction.By simulating the dynamic process of the system,this paper discusses the distribution law of dynamic responses of the bridge deck and the bed slab.It shows the necessity of a base plate for the ballastless track on the long-span plate-truss cable-stayed bridge.Comparison of the influence of different train speeds and stiffness of the elastic vibration-damping pad on the dynamic responses of the bridge deck and the bed slab is also made.The reasonable stiffness value of elastic vibration-damping pad is proposed.     

连续梁桥上CRTS双块式无砟轨道疲劳特性

为探讨梁轨非线性互制作用下连续梁桥上双块式无砟轨道系统静动力荷载下结构响应,预测桥上无砟轨道结构的疲劳寿命,基于梁轨相互作用原理与车辆-轨道-桥梁耦合动力学原理,以昌景黄铁路某(40+64+40)m连续梁为研究对象,采用有限元方法建立了考虑桥梁、支座、底座板、道床板、扣件和钢轨等构件及结构层间非线性约束的连续梁-CRTS双块式无砟轨道的一体化空间分析模型,研究列车静活载作用下桥梁、道床板、底座板及钢轨的动力响应特性与无缝线路纵向力分布规律,分析连续梁桥上无砟轨道结构疲劳特性。结果表明：温度荷载作用下钢轨最大压应力位于连续梁两端,最大拉应力位于桥梁跨中;竖向荷载作用下钢轨最大拉应力位于连续梁桥墩,最大压应力位于桥梁跨中;制动荷载作用下钢轨拉、压应力极值均位于桥梁桥墩;钢轨纵向力由温度荷载控制,最大应力为143.1 MPa,满足规范要求;列车动载作用下,简支梁和连续梁上钢轨最大拉、压应力相当,道床板最大拉应力出现在连续梁跨中限位凹槽附近,其板底拉应力大于板顶,底座板最大拉应力出现在连续梁主墩附近,且板顶和板底的拉、压应力基本相同;列车动载作用下,钢轨最易破坏处寿命约27.1 a,道床板和底...     

高速铁路双块式无砟轨道车辆荷载动态传递特征

为研究车辆荷载在无砟轨道中的传递特征,建立车辆-双块式无砟轨道耦合动力学模型,对车辆荷载在无砟轨道主体结构内的动应力和振动加速度传递规律进行研究,并对行车速度、结构尺寸及层间接触状态等影响因素进行分析. 结果表明:车辆荷载的主承载区分布在道床板内,垂向动应力峰值在0.1 m深度之内衰减73%;车辆荷载的主振动区主要分布在道床板内并传递至支承层,垂向加速度峰值在0.1 m深度之内衰减89%;轨道结构动态受力及振动响应均随行车速度的增加而增大;适当减少轨道结构宽度,对其受力和振动特性影响较小. 无砟轨道结构层间插入隔离层,可减小轮轨动力响应及轨道结构动态受力,但结构层间垂向加速度明显增大,插入弹性层,可减小钢轨垂向加速度,但对轮轨动力响应、道床板和支承层动态受力及振动特性影响较小. 所得结论可为无砟轨道设计和优化提供理论参考.     

Temperature-induced deformation of CRTS II slab track and its effect on track dynamical properties

Two finite-element models of the CRTS II slab track are presented to simulate temperature-induced deformations of the concrete track slab with no deterioration or with a deteriorated cement asphalt mortar(CAM).One model,which considers the fully bonding interface between the slab and the CAM layer,could applied to a track that is in good condition;the other model uses cohesive zone elements to simulate the deteriorated CAM with some possible interfacial separation and slip.Utilizing both of the models,temperature-induced warp deformations of track under various temperature loads are investigated.The influence of temperature deformation on the dynamic properties of the track is analyzed based on the train-track coupled dynamics.Numerical results show that the deteriorated CAM layer can significantly increase temperature deformations of a CRTS II track slab,which would produce tiny rail irregularities.There are clear differences between the deformation shapes of the track slabs that have an inseparable mortar layer and those have a separable mortar layer.The track slab with a deteriorated mortar layer showed more open curl distortion than the track slab in good condition.The dynamical response index of the slab track is intensified to a certain level due to the temperature deformation;with an increase of the train speed,the track dynamical responses increased linearly.However,rail irregularities due to the temperature deformations are very tiny.Even if a track is exposed to extreme temperature loads and the mortar layer is deteriorated,temperature deformation can have a negligible effect on the track’s dynamical properties.     

高速铁路桥上CRTSⅡ板式无碴轨道施工技术研究

介绍了应用于京沪高铁桥梁上的一种新型的板式无碴轨道施工技术.主要包括桥面防水施工、底座板施工、轨道板施工、钢轨铺设等关键施工技术.这些新的施工技术对我国大力发展的高速铁路建设具有参考价值.     

CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆开裂风险有限元计算

工程实践表明,CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆在施工早期阶段具有较高的开裂风险,为揭示CA砂浆开裂的规律,采用有限元模拟的手段对CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆的早期收缩开裂风险进行了模拟计算。结果表明:CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆两侧边的开裂风险远高于板中部分,侧边部位CA砂浆早期收缩应力随着龄期发展不断增大,第6d后开裂风险因子首次突破临界值1;氢氧化钙类膨胀剂可以有效延迟CA砂浆开裂的时间;CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道侧边CA砂浆28d干燥收缩率小于120×10-6时,在整个观测期内无开裂风险。研究结果可为我国CRTSⅡ型无砟轨道CA砂浆裂缝的预防与控制提供参考。     

Rheda2000型无碴轨道道床板疲劳寿命分析

通常国内无碴轨道设计中不进行疲劳损伤设计,而实际情况中道床板结构承受轮轨垂向力荷载等循环荷载作用,极有可能在其使用年限内产生疲劳损伤,故对道床板的疲劳损伤及其使用寿命进行研究有着非常重要的意义．本文主要阐述了利用S—N曲线（又称Wholer曲线）法对国内设计中24m单孔箱梁上Rheda2000型无碴轨道道床板进行疲劳寿命预测分析．     

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型的轨道板损伤规律

基于混凝土塑性损伤模型,建立CRTS Ⅰ型轨道板损伤分布计算模型,将Tekscan传感器测得的钢轨支点压力作为荷载输入,以轨道板竖向位移及拉伸损伤因子作为评价指标,分析客货共线条件下水泥乳化沥青（CA）砂浆离缝状态时锚穴周边轨道板上表面混凝土的内部损伤规律. 结果表明：随着离缝长度的不断扩展,损伤产生及完全损伤的临界离缝高度均逐渐变小;当离缝长度扩展至第2、3锚穴时,客车荷载下损伤产生的临界离缝高度分别约为0.8、1.0 mm,货车荷载下约为0.5、0.8 mm;一旦超出损伤产生的临界离缝高度,由于轨道板损伤的发展,轨道结构整体抗弯刚度迅速降低导致板端竖向位移迅速增大;对于客车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.0 mm后,CA砂浆形成脱空,板端位移不再增长,对于货车荷载,当离缝扩展至第3锚穴且高度大于1.3 mm后,由于二次损伤带的产生,板端竖向位移随离缝高度的增大迅速增大.     

Mechanics model of additional longitudinal force transmission between bridges and continuously welded rails with small resistance fasteners

A new mechanics model, which reveals additional longitudinal force transmission between the continuously welded rails and the bridges, is established on the fact that the influence of the mutual relative displacement among the rail, the sleeper and the beam is taken into account. An example is presented and numerical results are compared. The results show that the additional longitudinal forces calculated with the new model are less than those of the previous, especially in the case of the flexible pier bridges. The new model is also suitable for the analysis of the additional longitudinal force transmission between rails and bridges of ballastless track with small resistance fasteners without taking the sleeper displacement into account, and compared with the ballast bridges, the ballastless bridges have a much stronger additional longitudinal force transmission between the continuously welded rails and the bridges.     

Effects of fundamental factors on coupled vibration of wind-rail vehicle-bridge system for long-span cable-stayed bridge

In a wind-vehicle-bridge(WVB) system,there are various interactions among wind,vehicle and bridge.The mechanism for coupling vibration of wind-vehicle-bridge systems is explored to demonstrate the effects of fundamental factors,such as mean wind,fluctuating wind,buffeting,rail irregularities,light rail vehicle vibration and bridge stiffness.A long cable-stayed bridge which carries light rail traffic is regarded as a numerical example.Firstly,a finite element model is built for the long cable-stayed bridge.The deck can generally be idealized as three-dimensional spine beam while cables are modeled as truss elements.Vehicles are modeled as mass-spring-damper systems.Rail irregularities and wind fluctuation are simulated in time domain by spectrum representation method.Then,aerodynamic loads on vehicle and bridge deck are measured by section model wind tunnel tests.Eight vertical and torsional flutter derivatives of bridge deck are identified by weighting ensemble least-square method.Finally,dynamic responses of the WVB system are analyzed in a series of cases.The results show that the accelerations of the vehicle are excited by the fluctuating wind and the track irregularity to a great extent.The transverse forces of wheel axles mainly depend on the track irregularity.The displacements of the bridge are predominantly determined by the mean wind and restricted by its stiffness.And the accelerations of the bridge are enlarged after adding the fluctuating wind.     

季冻区CRTS I型无砟轨道不平顺规律及受力特性

为探讨路基冻胀变形对轨道不平顺及结构受力的影响规律,基于ANSYS有限单元分析方法,以哈大高速铁路冻胀区路基段为研究基础,建立了考虑限位凸台、凝胶树脂及层间粘结接触特征的CRTS I型板式无砟轨道-路基冻胀冻融耦合精细化有限元模型. 在此基础上,探讨局部冻胀区路基冻胀变形发生位置、不同冻胀波长及幅值对无砟轨道结构的影响,分析了短波冻胀下轨道不平顺、层间离缝特性与静力学性能. 结果表明:短波冻胀时无砟轨道结构不平顺范围、变形、离缝、受力等各项指标均随冻胀波长的减小、冻胀峰值的增加而增大;冻胀发生于底座板板中时对轨道结构受力影响最大,冻胀发生于底座板伸缩缝时对轨道结构变形离缝影响最大;相对于轨道板结构,底座板承受拉应力最大,冻胀发生于底座板板中时结构受力影响更大;在轨道结构抗拉强度方面,底座板为限制结构,建议冻胀检修限值的波长为10 m、峰值为5 mm.     

日照作用下箱梁桥上无缝线路纵向力

论述基于ANSYS的混凝土箱型梁桥日照温度场分析方法,应用实测数据对计算结果进行验证.采用带有组合截面信息的空间梁单元模拟箱型连续梁桥,计算其在日照作用下的温度效应,采用非线性弹簧模拟无缝线路（CWR）纵向阻力,以6×32 m箱型截面预应力混凝土连续梁桥为算例,分析日照作用下钢轨纵向力的分布规律,对相关参数的影响进行探讨.分析表明：日照作用下钢轨应力在正午时取得最大值,午夜时取得最小值,而按照现行规范中整体升温20 ℃计算的钢轨伸缩力是日照作用下钢轨应力的1.3倍,增加底座板厚度将有利于改善钢轨受力.在日照作用下,钢轨应力与大气透明度系数成正比,铺装层采用浅色涂层并保持光滑度将有利于减小钢轨应力.     

单层楼阁式木架动力与耗能性能试验研究

中国传统楼阁式木构由柱基层、柱架层、铺作层和屋架层组成,地震作用下各结构层间出现的非线性响应表明了楼阁式木构是一个高度非线性的结构体系,其中蕴含了丰富的减隔震机理,而整体楼阁式木架的抗震机理复杂且各结构层协调工作机制、动力及耗能性能尚未被完全揭示。为了探究楼阁式木架的动力及耗能性能,基于先前研究内容对1/16缩尺的观音阁单层木架简化模型进行了振动台试验。将三条地震波缩尺并调整地震动峰值加速度（PGA）后输入,分析木架在单向地震激励下的动力响应。试验结果表明,当输入地震动加速度较小时,三条地震波作用下木架响应都较小,当输入地震动加速度较大时,三条地震波作用下木架均会出现柱摇摆、柱脚滑移和柱脚提离等结构响应;木架层间位移角主要由柱架层提供,且随着PGA增大,铺作层层间位移占比减小,柱架层层间位移占比增大。基于试件位移响应和加速度响应,进而分析木架表现出的滞回特性,结果表明在柱摇摆前滞回曲线呈现较大初始刚度,在柱摇摆后滞回曲线呈现二阶刚度,在柱脚提离后滞回曲线呈现负刚度;同时对不同地震激励下的木架累积耗能及耗能占比进行了分析,结果表明,随PGA增大,柱脚摩擦滑移耗能占比越大,且PGA越大,柱架层摇摆耗能占比越大,铺作层耗能占比越小。     

钢轨底部动力吸振器对钢轨振动与噪声的影响

为分析钢轨底部动力吸振器对钢轨振动特性和声辐射特性的影响,建立钢轨振动-声辐射模型.首先,根据铁路板式轨道实际拓扑结构建立三维实体有限元模型,采用直接法求解钢轨结构的特征值问题;其次,计算分析了钢轨在垂向单位力激励下的导纳特性与振动衰减率;再次,利用轮轨滚动噪声预测模型计算分析了动力吸振器对钢轨声辐射功率的影响;最后,对轨底动力吸振器的参数影响进行了分析.结果表明:轨底动力吸振器的减振频段为750～1 650 Hz,降噪频段为800 Hz以上;吸振器的质量比越大其减振降噪水平越高,但减振降噪水平的提高效率越低;在一定范围内适当增大吸振器刚度可略微提高降噪水平,但是刚度过大会加剧钢轨的振动及其纵向传播;阻尼系数影响减振降噪作用频率的带宽,需要保证足够大且与吸振器质量、刚度相匹配.对钢轨底部动力吸振器减振降噪作用和参数影响的计算分析可以为钢轨轨底动力吸振器的参数设计以及低噪声钢轨的选型提供一定的参考.     

A new two-staged model to predict corrosion degree of steel bars in cracked concrete area

In order to quantitatively describe the local corrosion process of steel bars in cracked concrete area, a new two-staged utility model is established, and the effect of transverse cracks on the reinforcement corrosion is analyzed from the angle of long-term service performance evaluation for reinforced concrete structure. Moreover, based on the principle of spectral analysis for environmental action of concrete, an equivalent relationship is established between the corrosion rate in the natural environment and that under the standard temperature and relative humidity condition according to the principle of equivalent annual corrosion depth. Comparison between the inspection results from some references and the calculated values by the twostaged utility model validates the feasibility of the proposed model. The model was applied to Chinese Railway Track System(CRTS)Ⅱ ballastless track slab with transverse dummy joints, from which satisfactory results of corrosion degree of steel bars were obtained.     

简支梁桥铅芯橡胶支座减震特性研究

以一座4×40 m 简支 T 形梁桥为例,对常规非隔震设计的板式橡胶支座和减隔震设计的铅芯橡胶支座（LRB）进行对比分析,比较了2种支座设计下桥梁结构的动力特性以及采用隔震设计后桥梁结构内力、位移响应与非隔震设计的差别。在其他条件一致前提下,研究了铅芯橡胶支座的力学参数对减隔震效果的影响。研究结果表明：铅芯橡胶支座较板式橡胶支座设计的桥梁可以延长结构的周期;设计的铅芯橡胶支座具有明显的减震效果,铅芯橡胶支座可以大幅度减小各墩墩底剪力及墩底弯矩,各墩所受地震力重新合理分配且受力趋于平衡;同时在减隔震设计中,只考虑增大铅芯橡胶支座的型号反而会给桥梁下部结构带来不利的影响。     

高烈度区斜拉桥横向约束方案优化分析

为了确定强震作用下斜拉桥合理的横向抗震约束体系,以可克达拉大桥为工程背景,采用非线性时程分析法,分析了4种横向约束体系即横向滑动体系、全限位体系、位移相关型减震体系和速度相关型减震体系对强震区大跨度桥梁地震响应的影响,重点对钢阻尼器的屈服荷载和黏滞阻尼器的位置及相关参数进行优化分析,并与其他体系的地震响应进行了对比。结果表明：在强震作用下,对于大跨度桥梁横向滑动体系和全限位体系均不是理想的抗震体系;而在墩梁、塔梁之间设置减隔震装置可以有效减少横桥向的墩梁、塔梁的相对位移及地震剪力和弯矩;然而,从桥梁正常使用的角度来看,塔梁之间布设横向钢阻尼器装置优于黏滞阻尼器装置。     

高速铁路板式轨道参数与动力特性的研究

运用板式轨道-路基系统半空间垂向耦合的动力计算模型,研究了高速铁路板式轨道的动力特性,探讨了板式轨道的CA砂浆垫层厚度和扣件刚度对系统动力性能的影响规律。扣件、轨下胶垫和CA砂浆层的弹性、阻尼特性对轨道及轨下结构动力性能的影响极大,减少扣件或轨下胶垫的刚度、增加CA砂浆层的厚度,可改善板式轨道的动力学性能。     

地震动强度及近断层速度脉冲峰值对简支板桥地震响应影响

地震动强度和近断层速度脉冲峰值均为导致桥梁结构震害的主要原因。与其他桥型相比,简支板桥在地震中更容易发生破坏和损毁。作者以在2008年汶川地震中出现严重破坏的高原大桥（预应力混凝土简支空心板桥）为研究背景,探讨大桥所处场地的人工边界分别为自由边界、固定边界、黏弹性边界和黏弹性+阻尼层边界时对计算结果精度、计算效率等的影响。通过ABAQUS建立包含高原大桥及其场地的整体有限元模型,人工边界采用黏弹性+阻尼层边界,并以地震波加速度峰值作为地震动强度指标和人工合成近断层速度脉冲型地震波,分析地震动强度、近断层速度脉冲峰值对简支板桥地震响应影响程度。结果表明：人工边界为黏弹性+阻尼层边界时,可有效减弱边界处的反射效应,计算结果精度基本能满足要求;近断层速度脉冲峰值对结构地震响应的影响比地震动强度更为显著;场地表面加速度峰值随地震动强度提高而增加;近河岸和存在基岩分界面易导致简支板桥局部结构的地震响应加剧;随地震动强度或近断层速度脉冲峰值或地震波位移峰值的增加,跨径变化峰值、相对滑移量和滑移峰值变大;近断层速度脉冲型地震波对桥梁的影响比无脉冲型地震波更为不利。