非晶态Ni80P20合金的玻璃转变和过冷液体性质

镍磷(Ni_(80)P_(20))金属玻璃是最典型和被研究最多的金属玻璃成分之一。然而,由于镍磷金属玻璃在加热过程中玻璃转变过程被晶化所阻断,到目前为止其过冷液体性质还没有被探测和表征。本工作通过具有高升温速率的超快量热仪,避免了Ni_(80)P_(20)金属玻璃在玻璃转变过程中的晶化,直接探测其整个玻璃转变过程和一定温度宽度的过冷液相区,为揭示其超冷液体性质提供了可能。通过超快量热测量,获得了Ni_(80)P_(20)金属玻璃在5个数量级升温速率变化下的相形成规律和液体脆度,它的超冷液体展现出比大部分块体金属玻璃更"脆"的一种液体行为,这种"脆"性液体行为可能导致其差的玻璃形成能力。     

热点话题排行榜

1再生金属行业停工率达40％左右 随着有色金属价格的持续下滑，国内有色金属再生行业面临的挑战也日益增加。来自中国有色工业金属协会再生金属分会的消息显示，再生金属行业停工率达到40％左右。     

金属磁记忆(MMM)检测方法

工程中常采用无损检测的方法检测设备与构件中的缺陷,但传统的NDT检测方法却无法对金属进行早期诊断。金属磁记忆(MMM)技术可准确探测出被测对象上以应力集中区为特征的危险部件和部位,是迄今为止对金属部件进行早期诊断惟一行之有效的NDT方法。本文综述金属磁记忆方法的基本检测原理、主要诊断设备、目前国内外研究现状以及该项技术的发展前景。     

吊运熔融金属的钢丝绳电动葫芦的安全检验

吊运熔融金属的钢丝绳电动葫芦安全事故苗头险象丛生,安全检验的要求和内容散见于相关法规、规范和标准,由于颁布实施时间和执行效力的不同,且存在一定的差异,给检验判定尺度的准确掌握增加了不小的难度.作者通过研究关于吊运熔融金属起重机的法规、规范和标准,结合工厂实际使用的该类电动葫芦安全现状以及相关检验经验,对吊运熔融金属的钢...     

变形铝合金产品粗大金属间化合物缺陷超声波探伤

简述了变形铝合金产品粗大金属间化合物缺陷的形成机理、形貌特征与危害,例举了采用超声波无损检测技术探测变形铝合金产品粗大金属间化合物缺陷的案例,并对检测结果的准确性进行了剖伤验证、定性分析。     

U-Cu金属间化合物制备与表征的研究

为了提高核工程系统中核材料的相容性和安全性,贫铀金属间化合物的物理化学行为是技术上值得十分关注的问题。这是因为,有时这些金属间化合物以夹杂形式存在于材料中;有时核材料不可避免的与包壳材料如钢、锆、铝和铜等接触并形成化合物。因而U金属间化合物特性研究及其相容性预测需要制备并表征这些金属间化合物。本项目拟采用材料基因工程研究方法,制备了U-Cu等金属间化合物,利用纳米压痕、SEM、能谱仪等表征了化合物的形貌、成份和力学性质如弹性模量、硬度等。结果显示在一定压力和温度作用下,在金属U和Cu界面获得了一定厚度的金属间化合物。扩散层成份为Cu和U,Cu/U比例约为78:22。对界面化合物进行了微区纳米压痕测试,结果显示U-Cu化合物弹性模量为121 GPa,压入硬度为5.2 GPa,热膨胀系数为7.3×10_-5K_-1。U-Cu化合物的应变硬化效应比金属U明显。金属U应变率效应比U-Cu化合物明显。     

带副油缸的液态模锻锻模

<正> 液态模锻(亦称挤压铸造或液态金属锻造等)是一种少无切削的先进加工工艺。其基本特点是:把熔融的金属液直接浇注在液态锻模的型腔内进行模压,从而获得高质量的锻件。其实质是在冲头的压力下,使液态金属在一定形状的型腔内成形、冷却、凝固和塑性变形。其工作原理如图1所示。它既     

聚苯胺的制备及其金属防腐性能的研究

利用化学氧化法在酸性环境下合成聚苯胺,制备了含有不同浓度聚苯胺表面涂层的碳钢试样,通过极性曲线外延法,在1 mol/L的Na Cl溶液和HCl溶液中比较碳钢试样的防腐性能。结果表明,聚苯胺对碳钢具有明显的防腐作用,且防腐作用随着聚苯胺浓度的增加而逐渐增强,聚苯胺在酸溶液和盐溶液中都对金属具有一定的防腐作用,且在盐溶液中的防腐作用要强与在酸溶液中。     

一种铁基块体金属玻璃纳米压痕蠕变行为的加载速率敏感性(英文)

通过纳米压痕蠕变实验研究了加载速率对{[(Fe0.6Co0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05]0.96Nb0.04}96Cr4块体金属玻璃室温蠕变变形的影响。结果表明,该铁基块体金属玻璃的蠕变变形随着加载速率的增加而增大。此外,根据经验幂率函数计算得到了材料室温蠕变应力指数,当加载速率从1mN/s增加到50mN/s时,应力指数从28.1逐渐下降到4.9,显示出显著的压痕加载速率敏感性。最后,基于自由体积理论和剪切转变区理论对该铁基块体金属玻璃的纳米压痕蠕变行为进行了探讨,并对实验结果和分析结果提供了半定量的解释。     

图像处理技术与金属断口分析

在建立了金属断口分析的计算机辅助测量计算系统的基础上，应用边缘提取、相关匹配点探测等图像处理技术，阐述了疲劳滑移带带宽、疲劳条纹线间距以及断口表面相对深度等测量计算方法。提出了以图像灰度为权函数的加权回归计算滑移线间距、滑移带带宽的方法；在金属断口表面相对深度的计算中，对Ｌｅｖｉｎｅ算法进行了有效的改进，使计算效率和测量精度都有了明显的改善和提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。