钎焊金刚石薄壁钻钻磨氮化硅陶瓷孔的试验研究

使用单层钎焊金刚石薄壁钻,进行钻磨氮化硅陶瓷的试验。首先研究氮化硅陶瓷材料的去除机理,主要包括脆性去除和塑性去除,且脆性去除占主要部分。其次研究刀具壁厚、主轴转速和钻压对加工效率的影响。结果表明:三个参数存在的最佳值分别为1.5 mm、710 r/min和613 N;并且壁厚不宜超过2 mm,主轴转速不宜超过900 r/min,钻压应在500~705 N范围内,钻压低于330 N时刀具会打滑。      

氮化硅陶瓷刀具的应用研究

介绍了氮化硅陶瓷刀具的切削性能、切削用量的选择及其应用.氮化硅陶瓷是一种新型刀具材料,其优良的切削性能解决了超硬材料的加工难题,提高了生产效率,降低了加工成本.     

PCD刀具切削加工氮化硅（Si3N4）基工程陶瓷的合理切削速度

本文从切削速度对切削力、已加工表面粗糙度、刀具耐用度、切削路程的影响的角度对采用聚晶金刚石刀具切削加工氮化硅（Ｓｉ３Ｎ４）基工程陶瓷合理切削速度的选择进行了讨论提出，当切削速度Ｖ＝３０￣４０ｍ／ｍｉｎ时，可获得良好的效益。     

钛酸钡陶瓷基片的双面研抛加工研究

采用氧化铝磨料对钛酸钡(BaTiO3)陶瓷基片进行双面研磨加工,分析磨料粒径、研磨压力、研磨盘转速、磨料浓度以及研磨液流量等研磨工艺参数对基片表面粗糙度和材料去除率的影响。采用双面研磨工艺,依次用W14、W7、W5的氧化铝磨料对钛酸钡陶瓷基片(原始粗糙度Ra0.219μm)在研磨压力3.26kPa、研磨盘转速为37r/min、磨料质量浓度为9%、研磨液流量10mL/min的研磨参数下,进行粗研、半精研、精研,取得了表面粗糙度Ra0.076 6μm的研磨片。对研磨片继续用W0.2SiO2抛光可获得表面粗糙度Ra为6nm的超光滑表面。同时,用激光共聚焦显微镜和扫描电镜观察了不同加工阶段的基片表面形貌,并分析了材料去除机理;采用氧化铝磨料的研磨过程中,材料以脆性断裂去除为主;采用SiO2磨料抛光过程中,工件材料以塑性去除为主。     

不同材料去除模式下激光加热辅助切削氮化硅陶瓷表面粗糙度研究

激光加热辅助切削因其工艺空间大、经济性高、可得到高质量表面成为工程陶瓷等脆硬材料的高效加工方式。通过改变激光功率和切削深度两组单因素试验,研究了激光加热辅助切削氮化硅陶瓷（Si3N4）不同加工状态下表面粗糙度值的变化规律。结果表明:材料被塑性去除时,Ra和Rq值均小于被脆性去除和产生热损伤时得到的值。未产生热损伤时,Ra和Rq值随工件软化程度增大而减小。在塑性去除模式下,轮廓高度幅值曲线更加趋于对称和正态分布,表面轮廓更加精细。     

工程陶瓷镜面磨削新方法及其机理的研究

基于各种磨削参数对氧化铝砂轮磨削氮化硅工程陶瓷材料表面粗糙度影响的试验研究，提出了氧化铝砂轮加工工程陶瓷时的作用过程可分为氧化铝砂粒与工件表面的凸峰碰撞破碎去除，碰撞与摩擦共同作用及摩擦抛光三个阶段，并建立了各阶段的去除模型。而后通过对不同磨削参数的工件加工表面进行微观观察，证明了上述加工机理的存在，并能获得良好的表面质量，达到了镜面加工要求，实现了在普通磨床上对陶瓷材料的高质量加工。     

电火花线切割加工氮化硅陶瓷表面粗糙度的研究

陶瓷材料特性鲜明，有着广泛的应用前景，但其应用时对表面粗糙度要求高、分析研究高速走丝电火花线切割加工Si3N4陶瓷材料时影响表面粗糙度的主要因素，并提出了改善表面粗糙度的方法。     

过渡族金属氮化物颗粒复合氮化硅氮化硅陶瓷刀具的特性

针对碳化物颗粒复合会导致氮化硅复合物材料相组成发生变化的缺点,对过渡族金属氮化物颗粒（主要是ＴｉＮ）增强氮化硅陶瓷刀具的优点进行了全面分析,分析表明,氮化物颗粒不仅比碳化物颗粒与氮化硅有更好的相容性,而且可以固溶烧结过程中气相里的碳和氧,因此会有效降低氮化硅基体的碳化,这为无惰性气氛保护烧结提供了可能,另外,氮化物颗粒的引入对提高复合材料火花放电加工性及耐磨性能亦有很大帮助。     

氮化硅陶瓷超塑性研究

以非晶氮化硅纳米陶瓷粉体为起始材料,以纳米氧化钇和氧化铝为添加剂液相烧结获得超塑性陶瓷块体材料,实现氮化硅陶瓷的超塑性拉伸和超塑性成形。氮化硅陶瓷的平均晶粒直径为280nm,在1550℃的较低温度,4.7×10-4/s的相对较高应变速率下,延伸率可达到110%,在成形速率0.2mm/min的条件下,可拉深成形出完好的球形和锥形零件。在室温断口上存在大量的细小的白色氮化硅晶粒;而高温断口上却几乎不存在这样的晶粒,这种不同可以用氮化硅陶瓷材料的超塑性变形机理来解释,也可以证明超塑性变形过程中晶界玻璃相的存在。     

基体热处理使PCD刀具适于断续切削

聚晶金刚石（PCD）刀具的韧性较差,极少用于带有冲击性的断续切削加工,限制了其应用范围。为改良刀具性能,通过热处理工艺优化刀具基体,加固PCD和基体的结合,制成新型的PCD刀具。通过断续切削铝合金实验,分析新型刀具的使用寿命以及表面磨损状况。结果表明:刀具基体优化后,金刚石层与硬质合金基体之间的结合力提高,刀具抗冲击能力提高。新型刀具在切削128 min后没有出现崩刃现象,其磨损量仍在可控范围,适用于断续切削生产。      

陶瓷刀具在干切削加工中的应用

文章论述了陶瓷刀具的特点和切削性能,对陶瓷刀具在干切削中的使用进行了分析.     

PCD刀具切削天然大理石的磨损特性研究

通过PCD刀具切削天然大理石的试验研究,分析了在不同加工参数条件下对PCD刀具切削性能的影响以及刀具的磨损机理。试验结果表明:PCD刀具在加工过程中的磨损机理主要表现为磨粒的磨损、剥落,聚晶层的破损与结合剂破坏等;刀具主轴转速为12 000 r/min、进给速度为1 000 mm/min、切削深度为0.5 mm时,刀具的磨损量最小;且磨损量随刀具主轴转速的增加而降低,随刀具的进给速度和切削深度的增加而增加。     

Machining performance of pearlitic–ferritic nodular cast iron with coated carbide and silicon nitride ceramic tools

This paper concerns the fundamental cutting characteristics obtained in the turning of the pearlitic–ferritic nodular iron (EN-GJS-500-7 grade with UTS=500 MPa) when using carbide tools coated with single TiAlN and multilayer TiC/Ti(C,N)/Al₂O₃/TiN coatings, as well as silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) based ceramic tools. As a competitor, a P20 uncoated carbide grade was selected. The fundamental process readings include cutting and feed forces, the tool–chip interface temperature, Peclet number, friction coefficient and the tool–chip contact length as functions of cutting parameters. In particular, the measurements of cutting temperature were carried out using conventional tool–work thermocouple method and IR thermography. It is concluded based on many process characteristics that multilayer coated and ceramic tools can substantially improve the performance of nodular iron machining.     

恒温时间对PCD刀具焊接性能的影响

本文通过PCD复合片与YG8硬质合金的高频感应钎焊试验,研究了恒温时间对PCD刀具钎焊接头强度及钎缝宽度的影响,并用扫描电镜观察了钎焊接头的显微结构,用电子探针分析了接头界面元素分布情况。试验结果表明：随着恒温时间的增加,钎焊接头的剪切强度先增大后减小,而钎缝宽度先减小后增大。当恒温时间为16S时,剪切强度达340MPa,钎缝宽度仅有25μm。No2试样中钎料元素发生了不同程度的扩散,Mn元素的氧化和Zn元素的挥发不明显,C元素有一定程度的扩散,说明钎焊工艺参数选择合理。     

Ion implantation of superhard ceramic cutting tools

Despite numerous reports of tool life increase by ion implantation in machining operations, ion implantation applications of cutting tools remain limited, especially for ceramic tools. Mechanisms of tool-life improvement by implantation are not clearly established due to complexity of both implantation and tool-wear processes. In an attempt to improve performance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools for hard machining by ion implantation, a literature survey of ion-implanted cutting tools was carried out with a focus on mechanisms of tool-wear reduction by ion implantation. Implantation and machining experiments were then conducted to investigate implantation effects on CBN tools in hard machining. A batch of CBN tools was implanted with nitrogen ions at 150 keV and 2.5×10¹⁷ ions/cm² and further used to cut 61 HRc AISI 52100 steel at different conditions. Results show that ion implantation has strong effects on partsurface finish, moderate effect on cutting forces, but an insignificant impact on tool wear. Friction coefficients, estimated from measured cutting forces, are possibly reduced by ion implantation, which may improve surface finish. However, surprisingly, 2-D orthogonal cutting to evaluate tribological loading in hard machining showed no difference on contact stresses and friction coefficients between implanted and nonimplanted CBN tools. This paper was presented at the 2nd International Surface Engineering Congress sponsored by ASM International, on September 15–17, 2003, in Indianapolis, Indiana.     

Experimental study on ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of hardened steel using PCD tools

Diamond tools cannot usually be applied for machining hardened steels while applying conventional cutting technique. As an alternative, ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) technique was successfully applied for obtaining mirror surface on such steels using single crystal diamond (SCD) tools. In order to reduce production cost without compromising mirror surface quality, polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools may be tested against highly expensive SCD tools. However, study on machining of hardened steel using PCD tools applying the UEVC technique has not yet been reported. The current research presents an experimental study on UEVC of hardened stainless steel (a typical Stavax, hardness 49 HRC) using the PCD tools. Face turning experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of three machining parameters: nominal depth of cut, feed rate, and nominal cutting speed on output performances such as cutting force, tool flank wear, surface roughness, and chip formation. Experimental results show that nominal cutting speed has very strong influence on the output performances, compared to the other two parameters. The surface roughness improves with a decrease in cutting speed. A mirror-like surface of approximately 804 mm² with a roughness value R_a of 11 nm was achieved at a lower cutting speed. Theoretical explanations have been given to support the results drawn from the UEVC experiments. It can be concluded that, while applying the UEVC technique, the inexpensive PCD tools instead of the SCD tools can be effectively applied to obtain optical surface for producing precise molds from the hardened steel.     

Development of new ceramic cutting tools with alumina coated carbide powders

An experimental investigation is carried out to coat two types of carbide powders, TiC and (W, Ti)C, with an alumina ceramic using a sol-gel technology. The coated carbide powders are then fabricated into two kinds of new ceramic tool materials by the hot pressing method. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation reveals that in general the matrix (carbide) grains are uniformly coated with the alumina ceramic and the microstructure of the new tool materials is more homogeneous than that of conventionally made ceramics. The tests of mechanical properties and wear resistance in machining are finally conducted. It is shown that when machining a mild carbon steel the new tool materials can increase the tool-life by up to 100% as compared to other two ceramic tool materials that have the same matrix but fabricated in the conventional way, while the fracture toughness is improved by up to 33%. When compared with a hard coated carbide tool, the new materials exhibit a superior ability in maintaining the wear resistance during the entire tool-life.