Experimental investigation of the effect of carbon nanotubes and carbon fibres on the behaviour of plain cement composite beams

In this article, the behaviour of reinforced cement composite beams with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon fibres (CFs) is investigated. The percentage of CFs was fixed at 0.25 wt% of cement, while the percentage of MWCNTs was varied from 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1 wt% of cement. Dispersion of both MWCNTs and CFs was carried out using ultrasonic energy. Composite beams were tested under flexure in order to evaluate their mechanical properties such as flexural strength, toughness and ductility. These results were then compared with the results of plain cement control beams. The present work also investigates the optimum percentage of fibres that gives the best results both in terms of enhanced properties and economy.     

混杂粗纤维增强混凝土力学特性试验研究

选用低弹粗合成纤维、高弹钢纤维,以总体积掺率为1．5％的二元混杂纤维增强混凝土,系统研究了其弯曲韧性、抗弯冲击及断裂性能;用数理统计方法对抗弯冲击强度进行了分析;基于美国ASTM及日本JSCE方法,提出了适合评价粗纤维混凝土弯曲韧性的新方法。试验结果充分体现了粗合成纤维与钢纤维良好的协同效应;纤维混杂比例影响混杂纤维混凝土的性能,当粗合成纤维与钢纤维以体积掺率分别为1．0％、0．5％混杂时,纤维混凝土的各项力学性能达到优化,相对剩余强度、冲击延性指标、断裂韧度约分别达到79．6%、7．4、1．2。     

硼改性酚醛树脂的合成及其复合材料的性能

从催化剂用量、反应时间和温度等方面研究了合成工艺条件对硼改性酚醛树脂(BPR)性能的影响,研究了碳纤维/硼改性酚醛树脂(CF/BPR)复合材料性能与碳纤维含量及其表面处理的关系.结果表明:在特定的反应温度、时间和催化剂条件下,可以合成出性能良好的BPR.随着碳纤维含量的增加,CF/BPR复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度均逐渐增加;当碳纤维含量达到30%(质量分数)时,CF/BPR复合材料弯曲强度、弯曲模量和冲击强度达到最大值.CF/BPR复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量因碳纤维的表面处理而提高,但冲击强度却略有下降.     

纤维织物增强混凝土梁抗弯性能的试验研究

从试件抗弯性能测试、抗弯韧性指数计算，抗折强度的计算等，探讨了碳纤维格栅、碳／玻璃混杂纤维格栅织物增强混凝土复合材料的抗弯试验，经研究表明，纤维格栅织物可以明显提高混凝土的弯曲韧性指数和抗弯强度。     

钢纤维改善轻骨料混凝土力学性能的试验研究

研究了钢纤维掺量不同(体积分数分别为0,0.5%,1.0%,1.5%,2.0%)的钢纤维轻骨料混凝土(SFLWC)静态力学性能和自由落锤抗冲击性能,其中的静态力学性能包括立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折初裂强度、抗折强度、静力受压弹性模量、抗折模量和弯曲韧性等.试验结果表明:掺入钢纤维能显著提高轻骨料混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弯曲韧性和抗冲击性能,但对轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度和弹性模量影响较小.另外,钢纤维的掺入提高了轻骨料混凝土的拉压比,很大程度上改善了轻骨料混凝土的脆性.     

生态钢纤维混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂性能

为掌握生态钢纤维混凝土的弯曲韧性和断裂性能,分别对掺率(体积分数)为1.0%,1.7%,2.4%的2种异形生态钢纤维混凝土和掺率为0.7%,1.3%的原生高强钢纤维增强混凝土进行了无切口梁四点弯曲韧性试验和切口梁三点弯曲断裂试验。研究结果表明:生态钢纤维掺率为1.0%时,无切口梁四点弯曲荷载 挠度曲线和切口梁三点弯曲荷载 挠度及荷载 切口张开位移曲线在达到峰值后都出现局部陡降,试件残余强度较小,断裂韧度值较低,纤维对改善混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂性能的作用较小;当生态钢纤维掺率为1.7%时,混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂性能均得到显著提高,混凝土在变形达到15δ_ult,p（δ_ult,p为素混凝土峰值荷载对应的挠度）或70D_ult,p（D_ult,p为素混凝土峰值荷载对应的切口张开位移）水平时,依然具有较高的持荷能力和较好的韧性,波浪型生态钢纤维混凝土断裂能和断裂韧度是素混凝土的27.59倍和8.35倍;生态钢纤维掺率为2.4%时,混凝土弯曲韧性指标、断裂能和断裂韧度进一步增加;掺率为1.7%的生态钢纤维混凝土增韧和抗断裂效果与掺率为0.7%的原生高强钢纤维混凝土相当。     

High strength characteristics of cement mortar reinforced with hybrid fibres

An experimental study was conducted on high strength mortar reinforced with steel fibres and hybrid fibres consisting of steel fibre, palm fibre and synthetic fibre (Barchip). The inclusion of fibres was maintained at a volumetric fraction of 2%. The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, static modulus of elasticity, shrinkage, flexural strength, and flexural toughness were determined to study the effect of the hybrid fibres on the properties of high strength cement mortar (HSCM). The results showed that hybridization of fibres in the quantities 1.5% steel fibres + 0.25% palm fibres + 0.25% Barchip fibres, improved the compressive strength and flexural toughness significantly, and also enhanced the splitting tensile strength and flexural strength of the mortar by about 44% and 140%, respectively.     

低弹性模量纤维混凝土剩余弯曲强度的力学意义

介绍一种适合于评价低弹性模量纤维混凝土弯曲特性的剩余弯曲强度概念,并对聚丙烯纤维混凝土垢剩余弯曲强度进行了试验研究,与弯曲韧性指数相比,低弹性量纤维混凝土的剩余弯曲强度不仅可以更好地评价纤维混凝土弯曲开裂后的强度和韧性,而且可用来简化配筋纤维混土正截面强度计算,具有显著的力学意义。     

粗骨料UHPC的基本力学性能及弯曲韧性评价方法

为探究粗骨料UHPC的基本力学性能及自由收缩性能,进行基本力学性能试验及自由收缩试验,并与钢纤维混凝土、UHPC的性能进行对比。评议现有纤维混凝土弯曲韧性评价方法的优点和不足;提出可量化确定UHPC梁弯拉初裂点的偏移法;分别从能量和等效弯拉强度两个角度优化UHPC弯曲韧性的评价方法,并对3种混凝土的弯曲韧性进行评估。研究结果表明：相比于UHPC,粗骨料UHPC的弹性模量提高了10%,立方体抗压强度降低了15%,抗弯拉强度降低了6%;粗骨料UHPC的抗弯拉强度为钢纤维混凝土的1.8倍。0～91d 龄期范围内,粗骨料UHPC的自由收缩量与钢纤维混凝土基本相同;3d 和91d龄期的粗骨料UHPC的自由收缩量相比UHPC分别降低了63%和55%;通过添加粗骨料可降低UHPC早期收缩开裂的风险。提出的UHPC弯曲韧性评价新方法,克服了现有评价方法的不足,适用性强,可评价UHPC梁受荷全过程的弯曲韧性。粗骨料UHPC和UHPC的弯曲韧性明显优于钢纤维混凝土;相比UHPC,粗骨料UHPC的峰前弯曲韧性指数与峰前弯曲韧性比最大降幅分别为28%和22%;峰后弯曲韧性指数与峰后弯曲韧性比降幅均在11%以内。     

纤维表面处理对FRP-水泥砂浆抗弯性能的影响

分别对碳纤维和芳纶纤维进行表面处理，并利用三点弯曲梁试验来研究水泥砂浆外贴该两种纤维片材后的抗弯性能．结果表明：粘贴碳纤维和芳纶纤维片材能极大提高水泥砂浆的抗弯强度和韧性指数，其最大断裂荷载增幅超过150％，破坏模式从脆性的突发性破坏转变为具有一定延性的积累性破坏；经等离子体表面处理后的碳纤维和芳纶纤维，可使CFRP-水泥砂浆和AFRP-水泥砂浆的最大断裂荷载和韧性指数都显著提高，而且构件在受弯过程中是被拉断的，充分发挥了纤维高强的特点．     

钢纤维对高性能混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂能影响的试验

参照国际材料与结构联合会标准(RILEM),对钢纤维高性能混凝土开口梁进行三点弯曲试验。试验结果表明,钢纤维类型和掺量均为影响高性能混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂能的重要因素。高性能混凝土的能量吸收能力和断裂能随纤维掺量的提高而提高;与低强凸痕型钢纤维相比,端部带弯钩的高强钢纤维对高性能混凝土弯曲韧性和断裂能的提高效果更为显著。综合利用断裂能和弯曲韧性指标,才能更全面地描述混凝土在弯曲过程中的受力与破坏特征。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土力学性能试验研究

试验研究了聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗压强度、抗剪强度、抗冲磨强度及弯曲性能，并与钢纤维混凝土进行了对比。结果表明：在混凝土基体不变情况下，低掺量聚丙烯纤维(掺量为0．91kg／m^3)略微降低混凝土的抗压强度和抗剪强度，少许提高混凝土的抗弯强度，显著提高混凝土的弯曲韧性和断裂能，从而起到阻裂和增韧作用，而对混凝土的抗冲磨性能几乎没有改善。另外．网状聚丙烯纤维对混凝土抗弯强度和韧性的改善优于聚丙烯单丝纤维，但它们较钢纤维的增强增韧效果还有一定差距。     

PVA纤维增强型水泥基复合材料高温后力学性能试验

为了研究聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维增强型水泥基复合材料高温后的力学性能,对30组共90个试件进行了力学性能试验,测得材料的立方体抗压强度、抗折强度、弹性模量、轴心抗压强度以及棱柱体单轴抗压应力-应变全曲线,并与相应基体的力学性能进行对比分析。结果表明:当加热温度低于200 ℃时,PVA纤维的掺入可有效改善水泥基复合材料的抗折强度和棱柱体单轴受压峰值荷载后的延性性能和韧性性能,降低弹性模量,对立方体抗压强度和棱柱体轴心抗压强度影响不大;温度高于200 ℃后,抗折强度、弹性模量和峰值荷载后的延性性能与韧性性能与基体接近,立方体抗压强度和轴心抗压强度均低于基体,轴心抗压强度下降幅度远远大于立方体抗压强度。     

纳米碳纤维改性混凝土的力学性能及微观机理

采用不同掺量的纳米碳纤维制备混凝土,测试了纳米碳纤维改性混凝土的抗压强度、抗折强度和劈拉强度,并对其改性机理进行了探究。结果表明,适量的纳米碳纤维能够提高混凝土的力学性能。当掺量为0.3%时,纳米碳纤维改性混凝土的力学性能最优,其抗压强度、抗折强度和劈拉强度相较于素混凝土分别提高了9.2%、13.2%和17.5%。SEM测试结果表明,纳米碳纤维能够在混凝土内部形成立体网状结构,改善混凝土的微观形貌特征,增强混凝土的韧性和整体性,填充混凝土内部的孔隙缺陷,细化孔径分布,消耗混凝土破坏时的部分断裂破坏能。     

Post-crack (or post-peak) flexural response and toughness of fiber reinforced concrete after exposure to high temperature

Several studies have already reported on the various effects of high temperature on the mechanical properties of fiber reinforced concrete (FRC). Some of these effects include changes in; compressive strength, compression toughness and splitting tensile strength. None of the previous studies have investigated the changes that might occur on the post-crack flexural response and flexural toughness. Post-crack (or peak) response and toughness is considered one of FRC’s key beneficial characteristics – as the purpose of adding fibers is to increase the energy absorption and load carrying capacity after an initial crack. In this study, the flexural toughness test according to ASTM C1018 was carried out on two types of concrete: plain concrete and fiber reinforced concrete with three different types of fiber (steel, polypropylene, and polyethylene) at 0.5% and 1.0% by volume fractions. Prior to the flexural test, the specimens were put in an oven chamber and subjected to high temperatures using the ISO/TR834 standards of: 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C. The results showed the typical load–deflection response of FRC was a double-peak response. The first peak represented the properties of concrete matrix and the second peak represented the properties of the fibers used. Under flexural load, instead of dropping (or remaining unchanged), the post-peak load and the toughness were found to increase at lower temperatures (400 °C) and later, decreased as the temperature increased (600 °C and 800 °C). Fiber type and content also played an important role. At a temperature of 400 °C, all FRCs exhibited higher flexural strength and increased post-peak response and toughness. A significant decrease in strength, toughness and load–deflection response was observed with synthetic or plastic FRC (PFRC) when the temperature approached 800 °C. When steel FRC (SFRC) was used, those effects were relatively small. It appears, SFRC has better heat resistance than the PFRC. The density (measured by ultrasonic pulse velocity) was found to decrease more in the PFRC than in the SFRC.     

钢-PVA混杂纤维高强再生骨料混凝土断裂性能

为提高再生骨料混凝土的断裂性能,通过三点弯曲梁断裂试验,研究钢纤维、钢-PVA混杂纤维对高强再生骨料混凝土(RAC)断裂性能的影响。结果表明:未掺纤维的高强RAC脆性较大,断裂性能差,而钢纤维、钢-PVA混杂纤维对高强RAC的断裂破坏延缓作用明显;钢纤维与PVA纤维混杂后的高强RAC比单掺钢纤维时,其荷载-变形曲线更为饱满且下降段更为平缓;单掺钢纤维时高强RAC的失稳韧度及断裂能显著提升,但起裂韧度基本没有提高,而钢纤维与PVA纤维混杂后RAC各项断裂参数均有明显改善,对其起裂韧度的提升效果较好,在体积掺量为0.2%的PVA纤维与体积掺量为1.0%的钢纤维混杂时混杂效应较优,对高强RAC各项断裂性能的改善效果最为理想。     

碳纳米管增强水泥砂浆梁弯曲性能试验研究

以水泥砂浆为基体,多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)为增强组分,采用不同的分散剂和分散方法制备碳纳米管水泥砂浆(MWCNTRM).通过对碳纳米管水泥砂浆标准试件的三点弯曲试验,研究了分散剂类型及其掺量、水灰比、碳纳米管掺加量对碳纳米管水泥砂浆梁弯曲性能的影响.结果表明:分散剂与碳纳米管的质量比存在一个临界值(分散剂为CTAB时...     

仿钢纤维增强轻骨料混凝土性能研究

在轻骨料混凝土中掺入不同量的仿钢纤维,研究仿钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的表观密度、弹性模量、抗压强度、劈裂强度、抗折强度、韧性等物理力学性能以及对比钢纤维混凝土的力学性能,结果表明,仿钢纤维的掺入能提高轻骨料混凝土力学性能,显著改善轻骨料混凝土的弯曲韧性,在实际工程中应用,仿钢纤维可取代钢纤维作为混凝土的增强增韧材料,并可较大降低成本。     

Effect of natural pozzolan content on the properties of engineered cementitious composites as repair material

In order to determine the effect of Natural Pozzolan (NP) content on the mechanical properties and durability characteristics on Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) as repair material. This study focused on the evaluation of the most factors influencing compatibility between the repair material and the base concrete including mechanicals properties such as, compressive and flexural strengths, elastic modulus, capillary absorption and drying shrinkage. The experimental results showed that natural pozzolan reduces the compressive strength and the flexural strength of ECC at all ages. The elastic modulus of ECC was remarkably lower than that of normal-strength concrete. This lower Young’s modulus is desirable for repair concrete, because it prevents the stresses induced by restrained shrinkage. In addition, the incorporation of high-volume natural pozzolan decreases significantly the coefficient of capillary absorption at long term and increases the drying shrinkage. Generally, based on the results obtained in the present experimental investigation, ECC can be used effectively as an overlay material over existing parent concrete.     

纤维类型对混凝土抗压强度和弯曲韧性的增强效应及变异性的影响

为研究单掺钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维和纤维素纤维对混凝土抗压强度及弯曲韧性的影响,在不同体积掺量下进行了混凝土试块的抗压强度及弯曲韧性试验,并对试验结果进行了变异性分析。试验结果表明:3种纤维混凝土抗压强度较素混凝土平均提高26.7%、6.1%和11.1%;二次抗压强度保持率分别达77.0%、45.7%和58.0%;抗弯承载力最大分别提高31.6%、3.5%和14.0%;基于荷载挠度曲线、Newkumar法及弯拉应力应变曲线分别计算的弯曲韧性指数I_(20)、Newkumar指标PCS_m和韧度比R_x分别为素混凝土的4.2、3.1、2.6倍,19.9、9.8、6.9倍和4.0、3.4、2.7倍。变异性分析结果表明,掺入纤维后混凝土的抗压强度变异性小于弯曲韧性。同时,基于Newkumar法和应力应变曲线法算得的混凝土弯曲韧性指标变异系数小于荷载挠度曲线法。总体而言,钢纤维增强混凝土的抗压强度和弯曲韧性最为显著,且变异系数最小。纤维素纤维增强混凝土抗压强度及聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土弯曲韧性则相对较显著。