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1.
AN/MAA共聚物泡沫塑料泡体结构研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过烘箱自由发泡制备丙烯腈(AN)/甲基丙烯酸(MAA)共聚物泡沫塑料,讨论了该泡沫塑料泡孔平均孔径随泡沫塑料密度变化的规律,研究了成核剂和应力对泡沫塑料泡孔尺寸的影响,通过光学显微和电子扫描显微观察了该泡沫塑料的整体结构和微观结构.结果表明: AN/MAA共聚物泡沫塑料泡孔平均孔径随密度的增加而减小;碳酰胺能起到成核剂的作用,显著减小泡沫塑料泡孔尺寸;可发泡共聚物的应力发白现象能改善其发泡成核效果并使泡孔孔径大大减小;该共聚物泡沫塑料具有高闭孔率、各向同性的特征,其泡壁为三至七边形,泡棱由三个泡壁相交而成,泡壁体积分数随密度的增加而减小.  相似文献   

2.
A significant number of studies have been dedicated to the fabrication and properties of metallic foams. The most recent research is focused on metals with low weight and good mechanical properties, such as titanium, aluminum, and magnesium. Whereas the first two are already fairly well studied and already find application in industry, magnesium currently remains at the research stage. The present review covers the studies conducted on fabrication techniques, surface modifications, and properties of porous structures made of magnesium and its alloys.  相似文献   

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4.
网状聚氨酯泡沫应用进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
介绍了网状聚氨酯泡沫的三维孔结构特征及其制备工艺,重点综述了网状聚氨酯泡沫最新的应用进展。  相似文献   

5.
通过水煮发泡制备了交联聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料,讨论了泡沫塑料泡孔结构随着水煮时间的变化,研究了卸模温度、发泡剂以及成核剂对模压块及泡沫塑料泡孔尺寸的影响,通过光学体视显微镜(OM)和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)观察了泡沫塑料的宏观和微观结构,通过热机械分析仪(TMA)分析了模压块的玻璃化转变温度。结果表明,模压块中含有大量圆球形气泡核,水煮后气泡生长并相互挤压形成具有多边形结构的泡体,得到的泡沫塑料具有闭孔结构;模压块的玻璃化转变温度约为51.4℃,模压后适宜的卸模温度为35~50℃;发泡剂偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)与偶氮二甲酰胺(AC)用量为1.5∶1(质量比)时制备的模压块中气泡核较小且分布均匀;发泡剂AC还兼具成核剂的作用,体系中无需额外添加成核剂。  相似文献   

6.
以聚磷酸铵(Ammonium Phosphate,APP)为阻燃剂,采用PI(poly-imide)预聚法制备了APP阻燃聚氨酯-酰亚胺泡沫塑料。利用偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重(TGA)观察分析了APP对泡沫泡孔结构、热稳定性和炭层形貌的影响。重点探讨了泡孔结构的变化对燃烧后的炭层形貌的影响,并模拟了炭层的形成过程。结果表明,随着APP添加量的增加,泡孔直径由540.39μm下降到277.83μm,泡沫密度增加;APP的加入使泡沫的残炭率增加了30%;泡孔的棱边和顶点分别炭化膨胀为炭层上的棒状炭层和球状炭层,而泡孔薄膜破裂成孔洞;并且随着APP添加量的增加,棒状炭层和球状炭层尺寸增加,孔洞变小。  相似文献   

7.
以肥煤镜质组富集物为前驱体, 采用高压渗氮法制备煤基炭泡沫, 研究了发泡温度、发泡压力和发泡时间对炭泡沫孔结构的影响。利用SEM观察炭泡沫的孔胞形貌, 同时利用Nano Measurer分析软件统计SEM照片孔胞直径分布和孔喉直径分布以及平均孔径。结果表明: 微孔塑料成核理论可以定性解释炭泡沫的孔结构变化趋势。发泡温度的升高导致成核密度增加, 同时导致气体在胶质体的溶解度降低, 不利于孔胞长大。发泡压力的增大导致炭泡沫的孔胞密度增加, 临界成核半径降低, 同时加剧了热聚合反应, 导致胶质体的粘度增大, 不利于孔胞长大。发泡时间的延长会使热聚合更加充分, 影响胶质体粘度, 进而影响孔结构。  相似文献   

8.
活性泡沫炭用于超级电容器电极材料   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
以酚醛树脂、煤沥青泡沫炭为原料,经水蒸气活化制得比表面积分别为961和953m2/g的活性泡沫炭。采用扫描电镜、BET吸附仪、恒流充放电法和循环伏安法对两种活性泡沫炭的结构进行了表征并研究其充放电性能。结果表明,酚醛树脂泡沫炭在1.0nm以下的孔较煤沥青泡沫炭丰富。在1.0mA充放电时,两者的充放电容量分别为106.28和105.1F/g,相差不大,当充放电电流增大到50mA时,前者容量为41.94F/g,后者为17.23F/g。可见,微孔的孔径分布对充放电性能具有很大影响,增大微孔的孔径有利于提高活性炭电极的充放电容量和功率。循环伏安法测试表明在100mV/min扫描速率下酚醛树脂泡沫炭粉的电化学窗口大于煤沥青泡沫炭粉。  相似文献   

9.
天然纤维复合聚乙烯醇缩甲醛可降解泡沫材料制备   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
通过正交实验法探讨了以天然纤维作为骨架材料,聚乙烯醇为泡体,用甲醛交联制备可降解泡沫材料的最佳反应条件,并研究了不同因素对于材料的缩醛化反应动力学的影响,着重探讨了天然纤维的存在对于材料缩醛化程度及其它性能的影响。土壤实验表明,材料在9周内质量损失近50%,具有良好的生物可降解性。  相似文献   

10.
先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷的发展现状   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
多孔陶瓷材料因其优异的性能在各种领域的应用越来越广泛,其制备方法也不断的发展.先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷是20世纪末才出现的一种新型工艺,它具有烧结温度低、成型工艺简单、所得制品强度高等优点,引起了科学技术界的广泛兴趣.根据所得多孔陶瓷的形态,先驱体转化法制备多孔陶瓷大致可分为两类:制备本征结构的多孔陶瓷,制备泡沫陶瓷.本文介绍了先驱体转化制备这两类多孔陶瓷的工艺、结构和性能的研究现状,以及其存在的急需解决的问题.  相似文献   

11.
概述了煤基碳泡沫的发展概况。阐述了煤基碳泡沫的制备方法和应用,分析了RVC碳泡沫、中间相沥青基碳泡沫和煤基碳泡沫的结构和性能特点,并且展望了煤基碳泡沫的潜在应用和研究方向。  相似文献   

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Pores, on several orders of magnitude in size, control the properties of a solid material to a large extent. This is just as true for materials containing pores in the sub‐nanometer range like zeolites as for cellular foam structures with pores of several millimeters in size. All these porous materials have their distinct potential application ranging from heterogeneous catalysis to metal melt filtration. In many cases, the (hierarchical) combination of pores with different size regimes can improve the performance of the respective porous material or can lead to entirely new properties and applications. This review addresses the preparation and properties of microporous‐macroporous composite materials based on cellular foam supports (ceramic, metal, polymer) with a coating of a microporous compound (zeolite, zeotype framework, metal‐organic framework). The manufacturing of these materials can either be performed by dispersion‐based techniques, where the microporous coating is applied from a dispersion onto the cellular support (ex situ), or in situ by crystallization of the microporous compound directly onto the struts of the foam structure. In both cases, the general procedure can be modified by a pretreatment of the cellular support in order to improve the coating layer adherence, the overall amount of deposited material, or to control of the crystal morphology of the microporous compound.
  相似文献   

14.
超临界二氧化碳发泡热硫化硅橡胶的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对超临界二氧化碳制备硅橡胶泡沫材料的可行性进行了研究.采用“预硫化—发泡—完全硫化”工艺,研究了发泡温度、压力、溶胀时间、卸压时间等对硅橡胶泡沫的密度和泡孔结构的影响,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对泡孔结构进行了分析.结果表明:利用超临界二氧化碳发泡热硫化硅橡胶,得到了泡孔孔径小(< 100μm)、泡孔均匀、泡孔结构可...  相似文献   

15.
This article presents an analytical model for predicting the needle penetration force through relatively hard polymeric cellular foam. Prediction of needle penetration force is of importance to a number of applications, including textile and composites manufacture as well as robotic surgery. With the aid of this analytical model, a complete nonlinear force-displacement relation can be predicted for any needle size, material hardness, thickness, or inclination. The model assumes the needle to be a cylinder with a conical tip and ignores features, such as needle eye. The primary mechanism for needle penetration force is cell crushing while the friction between the needle and the foam plays a secondary role. There is a good agreement between the experimental and analytical force-displacement curves. In comparison to numerical methods that require nonlinear finite element analysis, this analytical model can be implemented with the knowledge on only two material properties: compression strength and frictional resistance.  相似文献   

16.
采用超声波?磁力搅拌的方法, 实现了纳米碳管(CNTs)在中间相沥青(MP)中的均匀分散, 并考察了CNTs对泡沫炭的超临界发泡行为及其压缩强度的影响. 研究结果表明: 在超临界发泡过程中, 处于过饱和状态的甲苯将优先在CNTs/MP固-液界面处成核, 进而不断扩散、聚集、膨胀和发泡, 导致泡沫炭孔结构的均一性得以提高; 当在中间相沥青中均匀分散3.5wt%的CNTs后, 所制泡沫炭的压缩强度由3.2MPa提高到4.7MPa, 升高了46.9%; CNTs良好的导热性能降低了基体碳在石墨化过程中的热应力差异, 使得微裂纹的数量减少, 并且其一维纳米结构使得石墨化泡沫炭的孔壁和韧带结构得以增强.  相似文献   

17.
杜金晶  王斌  曹卓坤  姚广春  梁李斯 《材料导报》2016,30(6):82-85, 115
以纯铝为基体材料,TiH2为发泡剂,镀铜碳纤维为添加剂,制备了不同孔隙率的泡沫铝材料。研究了发泡时间、镀铜碳纤维掺杂量对泡沫铝相对密度、孔径和微观结构的影响。结果表明,在碳纤维含量相同情况下,发泡时间越短,泡沫铝试样的相对密度越大,孔径越小。发泡时间相同时,碳纤维含量越多,泡沫铝的相对密度越大。SEM检测表明,碳纤维在Plateau边界内随机分布,而在气泡壁中和气泡壁表面基本呈平行分布,未发生团聚现象。  相似文献   

18.
Titanium-containing carbon nanosheets have been prepared from graphite powder, titanocene dichloride, pyrrole and other components by using mesostructured cellular foam (MCF) as template under microwave irradiation. Characterizations reveal the present nanosheets have similar composition, functional group and thickness as classical graphene oxide, but they are probably formed by stitching of tiny carbon fibers those grown from pores of MCF. Meanwhile, titanium oxides appear on nanosheets, making a new catalytic system. In oxidation of alkenes, synthetic materials provide satisfactory conversions and promising stereoselectivities. Moreover, various oxidized products are obtained as key intermediates for synthesis of high-value-added chemicals. On the other hand, encouraging conversions and chiral inductions are realized in diethylzinc addition to benzaldehyde. Catalytic results also propose the synergy of MCF with attached chiral additive in chiral induction. This work not only provides a new method to produce two-dimensional carbon materials, but also shows their potentials for catalytic transformation of hydrocarbons, which would contribute to the design of new heterogeneous catalysts.  相似文献   

19.
    
Metal foams are one of the most interesting types of materials although there is limited information concerning their thermal and electrical conductivity. Closed cell different density Alporas foams are investigated, which has one of the most homogeneous cell size distribution recently. Comparative method has been chosen to determine the thermal conductivity of the samples in the function of the temperature at 30, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 °C. For measuring the electrical conductivity of aluminium foams a special low frequency eddy current measuring apparatus was used. The ratio of thermal and electrical conductivity was calculated and shown an increasing function by the density of the foams.  相似文献   

20.
大跨斜拉网格结构是网格结构、塔住和拉索组合的刚柔体系,有广泛的应用前景。风激动力响应是其设 计计算中的一个关键问题。大跨斜拉网格结构在风荷载的作用下具有非线性特征,其风激响应是复杂的耦合响应。大 跨斜拉网格结构风载响应研究是亟需解决的问题。在介绍风荷载特性、风对结构作用和风荷载模拟技术基础上,阐述了 结构风工程中大跨斜拉网格结构研究的状况,展望该领域研究的前景。  相似文献   

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