电真空器件用金银锗钎料研制

研究了Au-Ag-Ge系列合金的熔化特性、加工性能以及钎焊性能。结果表明,在Au-12Ge合金中加入Ag元素,可以提高合金的熔化温度,但是仍不能满足使用要求。Au-52Ag-6Ge合金熔化温度为566～586℃,采用冷轧制+真空退火工艺可将合金加工制备为0. 10 mm厚的带材,清洁性、溅散性和铺展性能良好,可以与AgCu28共晶钎料、Ag Cu In钎料、AgCuInSn钎料形成四级梯度钎料,满足真空电子器件封接需求。     

阴极组件钎焊用RuB合金钎料研制

阴极组件是微波器件的心脏部件,其连接技术水平对其性能和寿命具有极其重要的影响.根据Ru-B二元相图,设计了RuB合金钎料的化学成分,并进行了RuB合金钎料的制备、熔化温度及钎焊工艺等性能试验研究.结果表明:试验研究的RuB合金钎料的熔化温度为1 390～1 430℃;在母材W,Mo上的润湿性、铺展性能好,能完全润湿母材...     

铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的研究现状与展望

铝及铝合金以其优良的特性,在当代工业材料中占有越来越重要的地位。钎焊作为一种可靠连接铝及铝合金结构件的连接方法而被广泛应用。铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的开发一直是国内外学者争相研究的热点,然而,钎料合金熔化温度高、加工成形性差、钎焊接头强度低等因素严重制约着钎料合金的开发应用,实现商业化的钎料甚少。添加合金元素能够降低钎料熔化温度,改善钎料显微组织和性能,这对铝钎焊用硬钎料的发展是一个行之有效的方法。结合国内外对铝及铝合金钎焊用硬钎料的最新研究成果,全面阐述合金元素的添加对钎料熔化温度、加工成形性及钎焊接头组织性能的影响,指明铝及其合金钎焊用硬钎料目前研究中存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

铜-锰-锌-硅钎料的研制

研制成功的钎料适合用于钢件和硬质合金等材料的钎焊,文中阐述了钎料合金体系选择及各组元配比拟定的理论依据,以此钎料钎焊接头的强度远高于黄铜钎料钎焊接头的强度,具有特高的抗冲击性能,而合金的轧制性能亦良好;由于这种钎料的熔化温度较低(825.5℃～831.5℃),所以能降低钎焊温度,减少钎焊能耗。钎焊时工件钎焊应力和焊件变形降低,钎焊接头有较细的晶粒组织,提高了产品的质量;同时,钎料的熔化温度较低和含锌量较低,使钎焊时环境污染得到改善。     

真空钎焊TiAl基合金用Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Co-Mo钎料的钎焊性能（英文）

采用非晶和晶态Ti-25Zr-12.5Cu-12.5Ni-3.0Co-2.0Mo(质量分数,%)钎料对Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B(摩尔分数,%)合金进行真空钎焊连接,对两种钎料的熔化行为、润湿铺展性、填缝隙能力以及由钎焊TiAl基合金所得的钎焊接头进行详细的研究。结果表明:与晶态钎料相比,非晶钎料具有更窄的熔化温度区间、更低的液相线温度和熔化激活能;同时,非晶钎料在Ti-47Al-2Nb-2Cr-0.15B合金表面上具有更优异的钎焊性。非晶和晶态两种钎料的钎焊接头均由两侧的界面反应层和中心钎焊层组成,非晶钎料钎焊接头的抗拉强度均高于相同钎焊工艺参数下的晶态钎料钎焊接头的抗拉强度,且在钎焊温度1273K下获得的钎焊接头的抗拉强度达到最大值254 MPa。     

铜基钎料的研究进展及应用

随着钎焊技术的发展,各种合金钎料也应运而生.与银基钎料相比,铜基钎料具有强度高、成本较低、钎焊性能好、硬度适中、钎焊接头性能好、钎料流动性较好等优点,可以广泛应用于航空航天、机械制造、能源及石化工业等领域,满足了绿色环保要求并增加经济效益,受到国内外学者和研究人员的高度重视.但铜的熔化温度过高,通常采用合金化手段即添加...     

Ag55Cu21Zn17Sn5Ge2钎料加工工艺及其钎焊性能的研究

根据合金相图的基本原理,设计了Ag55Cu21Zn17Sn5Ge2中温钎料合金.利用金相显微镜、差示扫描量热仪分析了钎料的组织和熔化特性,对钎料合金进行了漫流性、润湿性和力学性能测试,并进行了钎焊组装试验和焊件破坏失效性试验.结果表明,该钎料合金对于Cu板具有良好的漫流性和润湿性,具有较高的抗拉强度和剪切强度.     

一种新型的Cu-P-Ag-In-Sb钎料的研究

为了降低Cu-P钎料的熔化温度和改善其脆性,该研究在Cu-P钎料内复合一定质量分数的Ag,In和Sb,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、差热分析仪等研究了添加组元对钎料显微组织、熔化温度、铺展性、力学性能和钎焊性能的影响.结果表明,各添加组元在钎料内分布均匀,实现了预期的目标;添加3种组元后钎料的熔化温度为697 ～711℃,与传统的Cu-P钎料相比已大为降低;相同的钎焊温度下,添加Ag,In和Sb的Cu-P钎料的铺展面积明显大于Cu-P钎料;拉伸试验表明,五元系钎料的抗拉强度达到了718.1 MPa.此外,采用该钎料钎焊黄铜与紫铜得到的接头内母材/钎料界面处形成了致密的连接,无缺陷存在;钎缝组织内各相分布均匀,无气孔夹渣存在,满足使用要求.     

急冷型SnAgCu系钎料合金钎焊工艺及接头性能研究

制备了急冷型SnAgCu系钎料合金,在对其进行熔化特性测定和钎焊工艺试验后,对钎焊接头的力学性能和显微组织进行了测试分析,结果表明:所制备钎料合金的熔化特性满足要求;钎焊温度和钎焊时间对接头的剪切强度有较大影响,工艺参数为275℃×4.5min时,接头强度最高;在钎焊过程中形成的金属间化合物沿界面分布不均匀,且向钎焊缝中生长.     

Sn含量对Ag-Cu-In合金钎料加工及钎焊性能的影响

研究了Sn元素对Ag-Cu-In合金钎料加工及钎焊性能的影响。结果表明:Ag-Cu-In合金钎料中加入一定量的可以有效降低钎料的熔化温度,当8%Sn元素加入Ag-Cu-In合金中,其熔化温度降低为575~620℃,可以加工为0.10 mm厚的带材,钎焊性能良好;随着合金中Sn元素含量的增加,合金钎料中的脆性相增多、变大,导致合金的加工性能变差,不能成型。     

锡镀层对BAg50CuZn钎料性能的影响

以BAg50CuZn钎料为研究对象,在其表面电镀锡,借助扫描电镜(SEM)观察锡镀层的表面形貌,采用差热分析仪(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)和润湿试验炉分析锡镀层对合金钎料熔化温度和润湿性能的影响,并对镀覆锡后合金钎料的成分进行了讨论.结果表明,随着钎料表面镀覆Sn元素含量增加,合金钎料的DSC吸热峰向左偏移、熔化温度降低,钎料的润湿铺展性能呈上升趋势.在镀覆Sn元素含量为4.8%(质量分数)时,合金钎料表面锡镀层平整、致密,钎料的铺展面积最大,为236 mm2.镀覆元素Sn后的钎料中,Ag,Cu,Zn元素含量均减少,元素含量降低幅度大小顺序依次为Cu,Ag,Zn.     

Cu-Ag-Si-Ga系低蒸气压钎料合金研究

研究了Cu-Ag-Si-Ga系钎料合金的熔化特性、加工性能和在Cu、Ni和不锈钢母材上的铺展性、钎焊接头强度以及Ga对钎料合金微观组织的影响.推荐一种典型的钎料,其成分为40Ag-2Si-2Ga-余量Cu(质量分数%),熔化温度为786.1～823.0℃,在500℃的条件下的蒸气压低于5.51×10~(-8)Pa,该钎料适合用于850～870℃电真空器件分级钎焊.     

Development of Ag based brazing filler metal with low melting point

Abstract

This study was carried out to develop cadmium free silver based brazing filler metals that meet the following requirements. First, they have to have a melting point lower than that of BAg-1 brazing filler metal. Second, they have to have not only good wetting characteristics and the ability to produce a sound joint with excellent mechanical properties but also plastic formability. Using the calculated phase diagrams on Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn quaternary system alloys, the authors selected several alloys with a possibility of meeting the above requirements. The melting point and other properties, such as hardness and brazeability of the selected alloys, were evaluated. As a result, the authors successfully developed silver based brazing filler metals that have a low melting point below ～600°C and meet the above requirements by adding a small amount of indium as an alloying element into the Ag–Cu–Zn–Sn quaternary system alloy. The newly developed brazing filler metals are slightly inferior in wetting characteristics to BAg-1; however, the brazing filler metal containing ～3 mass-% indium element showed wetting characteristics comparable to those of BAg-1. Furthermore, the new brazing filler metals could produce joints with a high tensile strength equivalent to ～83% of that of a joint brazed using BAg-1.     

金首饰用无镉K金钎料的研究与发展

概述了金属镉在金首饰合金钎料中的作用和无镉K金钎料的合金化原理,给出了近年开发的9K~22K颜色和白色无镉K金合金钎料的成分和熔化温度范围,指出:在K金首饰应用领域,开发适合分级钎焊的高性能无镉K金钎料系列以及无镉K金钎料的标准化和商业化,依然是无镉K金钎料的发展方向。     

Physical properties of selected brazing filler metals

Abstract

A suitable selection of the filler metal is vital for producing satisfactory brazed joints. The wettability of brazing alloys with base metals depends on physical properties such as surface tension, density, melting point, and viscosity. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity are also important since the filler metal is frequently required to have similar values to those of the base metal. In the present paper, the physical properties of liquid alloys relevant to brazing have been evaluated. Six different filler metal systems were analysed, comprising alloys based on Ag, Al, Au, Cu, Ni, and Ti. Results show that the viscosity values for most binary brazing filler alloys are of the order of 2–8 mPa s, with Cu and Al alloys exhibiting the lowest viscosities. The surface tensions of brazing alloys vary from 800 to 1800 mN m^-1, with the lowest surface tension values corresponding to the Ag and Al alloys. Thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity values fall in the range 10–200 W m^-1 K^-1 and 17–300 μΩ cm, respectively.     

镀锡AgCuZnSn钎料熔化特性的热力学分析

以BAg50CuZn钎料为基材,采用电镀热扩散组合工艺制备了镀锡AgCuZnSn钎料。为了揭示镀锡银钎料的热力学特性,借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测定了镀锡银钎料的熔化温度,运用热分析动力学中的非等温微分法和积分法分析了镀锡银钎料的相变热力学特性,并利用金相显微镜和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对钎料熔化后润湿界面的显微组织和物相进行了分析。研究表明,随着Sn含量升高,在吸热峰镀锡银钎料由固态向液态转变的温度区间变窄,非等温微分法和积分法得到的钎料相变活化能均逐渐增大。在Sn含量为7.2%时,镀锡银钎料的相变活化能和指前因子最大,分别为555.56kJ/mol、1.41×10~(32),此时镀锡银钎料相变速率方程的表达式为:k=1.41×10~(32)exp(-5.56×10~5/RT)。7.2%Sn含量的镀锡银钎料在304不锈钢表面熔化后,润湿界面组织主要由Ag相、Cu相、CuZn相、Cu_5Zn_8相、Cu_(41)Sn_(11)相、Ag_3Sn相组成。     

Ni－Cr－Co－B高温镍基钎料的研究

本文提出一种不含Ｓｉ的镍基Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ－Ｂ高温钎料．对一系列Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ－Ｂ钎料的熔化特性、钎焊工艺性能、钎料组织以及钎焊接头的室温和高温强度、接头韧性进行了研究，并与标准镍基钎料ＢＮｉ－１ａ和ＢＮｉ－５进行了比较研究结果表明，Ｎｉ－Ｃｒ－Ｃｏ－Ｂ钎料钎焊的高温合金接头的高温性能和韧性均超过标准镍基钎料．     

铟银软钎料的制备与钎焊性研究

用感应熔炼方法制备了一系列InAg钎料,考察银添加量对铟基钎料性能的影响。采用化学分析和X射线衍射(XRD)对钎料的成分和物相进行了对比分析;采用示差扫描量热仪(DSC)测试了不同成分钎料的熔点;利用扫描电镜(SEM)对In-7Ag焊料与基体的界面反应进行了研究,并测试了不同成分钎料的润湿性及接头剪切强度。结果表明,In-7Ag具有较大的剪切强度以及良好的润湿性,是月球样品返回装置密封材料的不错选择。焊料与密封材料剧烈反应可能弱化焊接组织的一致性,不利于金属密封,因此,寻求合适的焊接温度和时间是未来研究的重点。     

Interfacial Bonding Strength Between Brazing Alloys and CVD Diamond

Three groups of brazing alloys were compared in brazing chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond, including two nickel-based alloys (Ni-3Fe-7Cr-3B-0.5Si-0.02C and Ni-14Cr-10P-0.02C), one copper-based alloy (Cu-10Sn-15Ti), and two silver-based alloys (Ag-5Cu-1Al-1.25Ti and Ag-34.25Cu-1In-1.75Ti). The nickel-based alloys catalytically transformed the sp³-bonded diamond into sp²-bonded carbon during high-temperature brazing operation though with the existence of Cr as the active metal. The bonding strength was very low and the fracture primarily propagated through the sp²-bonded carbon. For Cu-10Sn-15Ti brazing alloy, the transformation of the sp³-bonded diamond into sp²-bonded carbon during high-temperature brazing operation was marginal. The bond strength was adequate and fracture took place primarily through the brazing alloy bulk, due to the high concentrations of Sn and Ti that caused the precipitation of abundant intermetallic compounds in the brazing alloy bulk. For Ag-based alloys having very low concentrations of Ti, no visible degradation of diamond was observed and the bonding strength was very high. Crack primarily propagated through the brazed interface or even the CVD diamond bulk.     

Low-melting-point titanium-base brazing alloys—part 1: Characteristics of two-, three-, and four-component filler metals

The melting point, microstructure, phase, and electrochemical behavior of Ti-21Ni-15Cu alloy, together with two-, three-, and four-component low-melting-point titanium-base brazing alloys, are presented in this paper. Five filler metals were selected for the study, in which melting points were measured by differential thermal analysis, phases identified by x-ray diffractometry, and corrosion behaviors tested by potentiodynamic polarization. The experimental results show that the three-component Ti-15Cu-15Ni and the newly developed Ti-21Ni-14Cu alloys exhibit the combination of lower melting point and superior corrosion resistance compared to the two-and four-component titanium alloys, 316L stainless steel, and a Co-Cr-Mo alloy in Hank’s solution at 37 °C. On a short time basis, the presence of Ti₂Ni and Ti₂Cu intermetallics in the Ti-15Cu-15Ni and Ti-21Ni-14Cu alloys should not be preferentially dissolved in galvanic corrosion with respect to the dissimilar Ti-6Al-4V alloy.