钢渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料的水化性能和微观形貌

通过测定矿渣和钢渣部分取代水泥构成的钢渣-矿渣-水泥复合胶凝材料(SBC-CCM)的物相组成和80h内的水化热,研究了SBC-CCM试样的微观形貌和水化性能,并用正交试验结果分析了SBC-CCM中钢渣-矿渣的最佳掺量和比例。结果表明:SBC-CCM的水化过程和水化产物的物相组成与硅酸盐水泥的相似,矿渣在水化早期参与反应,钢渣在水化早期呈惰性;SBC-CCM的80h水化放热量和放热速率均低于水泥相应的数值;正交试验结果表明水胶比对SBC-CCM强度的影响最显著,矿渣-钢渣的最佳质量比为2∶1。     

碱渣复合胶凝材料制备无熟料混凝土

碱渣作为氨碱法制备纯碱过程中产生的固体废弃物,目前无较好的大规模处理利用方法.本文以最大限度利用碱渣为目的,利用碱渣、矿渣、钢渣和脱硫石膏为复合胶凝材料,铁尾矿砂和废石为骨料制备无熟料混凝土.胶凝材料中碱渣掺量30%、矿渣45%、钢渣15%、脱硫石膏10%时,无熟料混凝土的28 d抗压强度可达38.33 MPa.通过XRD、SEM-EDS、TG-DSC和IR等表征方法研究了复合胶凝材料体系的水化产物及水化过程,结果表明该复合胶凝材料的水化产物主要为C-S-H凝胶、钙矾石（AFt）和 Friedel盐（FS）.对碱渣、矿渣、钢渣和脱硫石膏4种固废之间的协同反应机理进行分析,阐述了水化产物的生成过程.对全固废混凝土做耐久性分析发现,混凝土抗冻性及抗碳化性能良好,但干燥收缩性能和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能不佳.分析了碱渣无熟料混凝土的制备条件、应用方向和应用前景,为固体废弃物的无害化和资源化利用提供科学依据.     

脱硫石膏制备超硫胶凝材料

研究旨在开发一种以烟气脱硫石膏为主要原料,矿渣粉为活性成分,熟料、钢渣作为碱性激发剂的超硫水硬性胶凝材料。该胶凝体系脱硫石膏掺量高达45%,且以2%熟料激发时,3d抗压强度达20.5MPa,28d为48.7MPa;而以8%钢渣激发,分别达15.8MPa和50.7MPa。XRD和SEM分析表明,脱硫石膏-矿渣-激发剂体系的水化产物主要是钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶。脱硫石膏在水化过程中一部分参与水化形成水化产物钙矾石,其余部分被水化产物所包裹起集料骨架作用。     

利用矿渣、脱硫渣及炉渣制备胶凝材料试验研究

直接利用原状脱硫渣与矿渣和炉渣混合后,在水泥熟料、石灰激发剂的作用下,可形成具有较高强度的胶凝材料。通过配合比设计、强度测试,探讨了碱激发剂、脱硫渣含量、养护方式对矿渣-脱硫渣-炉渣胶凝材料强度的影响;并通过XRD、SEM等微观结构测试方法,分析了所制备的胶凝材料的主要水化产物及微观结构。研究结果表明,胶凝材料各组分的比例为w(水泥熟料)∶w(矿渣)∶w(炉渣)∶w(脱硫渣)∶w(石灰)=1∶6∶0.9∶1.8∶0.3时胶凝材料具有良好的性能,其水化主要产物为针状钙矾石和絮状水化硅酸钙。     

石膏与硅灰对钢渣水泥基胶凝材料复合改性效应

以钢渣和水泥为主要原料,加入少量石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)与硅灰,制备钢渣水泥基胶凝材料。探讨了CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰掺量对钢渣水泥基胶凝材料强度的影响,并通过XRD、SEM表征,研究钢渣水泥基胶凝材料的水化性能。结果表明：复掺1% CaSO4·2H2O和4% 硅灰的钢渣水泥基胶凝材料3 d抗压强度较未掺CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰提高了59.0%,28 d抗压强度提高了32.4%;CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰的加入不会影响钢渣水泥基胶凝材料水化产物种类;相同龄期内,加入CaSO4·2H2O与硅灰的钢渣水泥基胶凝材料中水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)凝胶和钙矾石(AFt)含量增多,Ca(OH)2晶体含量、晶体尺寸有所减小。     

高铝水泥对磷石膏基水硬性胶凝材料性能的影响

研究了高铝水泥对磷石膏-矿渣-钢渣免煅烧水泥体系的强度、凝结时间及标准稠度等性能的影响规律,并通过XRD和SEM分析探讨了该水泥体系的水化机理,分析得出该水泥体系的水化产物主要是钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶。结果表明,高铝水泥的加入可以有效提高磷石膏-矿渣-钢渣免煅烧水泥体系的早期强度并缩短凝结时间,使水化产物钙矾石生成量明显增加,从而有效提高该胶凝材料的水化性能;当掺入6%的高铝水泥时,可以制备出3d抗压强度为4.5MPa,28d抗压强度达35MPa左右的高铝-磷石膏基水硬性胶凝材料。     

复合激发剂对钢渣-矿渣基胶凝材料性能的影响

基于正交试验,通过对钢渣-矿渣基胶凝材料外观形貌、抗压强度、水化产物的分析,研究氢氧化钙和激发剂D的复合激发剂对钢渣-矿渣基胶凝材料的安定性及抗压强度的影响。结果表明:与未添加激发剂相比,复合激发剂能显著激发钢渣-矿渣基胶凝材料的活性,改善其安定性;胶凝材料抗压强度影响因素的强弱顺序依次为激发剂D、氢氧化钙、钢渣微粉;钢渣微粉、矿渣微粉、氢氧化钙、激发剂D质量分数分别为40%,53%,3%,4%时,制得的胶凝材料试样体积安定性合格,且抗压强度最大,达15.46 MPa。     

粉煤灰-脱硫石膏水泥基材料水化活性及微结构

采用DTA—TG、XRD、SEM以及宏观水化收缩和强度试验等手段研究了粉煤灰一脱硫石膏一水泥三元复合胶凝体系的水化过程、活性效应及微观结构等,根据试验结果总结了复合胶凝材料的水化动力学过程。结果表明,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石的钙矾石吸热峰强于基准样;在各组分相互活性激发和外掺激发剂作用下,粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥石中2次水化效应明显;SEM、XRD表明水泥石早期有明显的钙矾石生成,同时粉煤灰颗粒的表面侵蚀现象明显,进一步说明复合胶凝体系的早期活性得到有效激发,硬化后综合性能得到有效保证。且宏观收缩及强度试验也从侧面印证了微观试验结果。粉煤灰一脱硫石膏水泥基复合胶凝材料体系的研发可大量消耗燃煤电厂的工业废渣,具有显著的“绿色”效应。     

矿渣激发剂的探索试验

为了开发出以矿渣为主要原料的全尾砂新型胶凝材料,研究了矿渣的水化机理,根据水化机理采用正交试验设计方法开展矿渣激发剂的种类筛选。通过对试验结果的分析,初步确定水泥、石灰和石膏作为矿渣的激发剂材料,为下一步胶凝材料优化配比的开发试验奠定了基础。     

硬石膏对熟料激发矿渣水化反应的影响

以不同硬石膏掺量的熟料激发矿渣胶凝材料为研究对象,通过对胶结体强度、水化产物的种类及非蒸发水含量等的分析检测,探讨了石膏对熟料激发矿渣的胶凝性能和水化产物的影响.结果表明:适量硬石膏的掺加能够显著提高熟料激发矿渣胶凝材料的早期胶结强度,最佳石膏掺量下,胶凝材料净浆的3d胶结强度可提高95%,细粒尾矿砂浆的3d胶结强度可提高388%.石膏的加入显著促进了钙矾石(AFt)和低钙硅比水化硅酸钙(CSH)在水化早期的优先生成,加快了Ca(OH)2的消耗、抑制了水化铝酸钙(C4AH13)的生成,使3d水化产物中非蒸发水的质量分数由9.23%提高到14.35%.     

Properties of supersulphated phosphogysumslag cement (SSC) concrete

Supersulphated phosphogysum-slag cement （SSC） is a newly developed non-burned cementitious material mainly composed of phosphogysum （PG） and ground granulated blast furnace slag （GGBFS）, with small amount of steel slag （SS） and clinker （CL）. SSC is a kind of environmentally-friendly cementitious material due to its energy-saving, low-carbon emission, and waste-utilization. We prepared concretes with supersulphated phosphogysum-slag cement, and studied the mechanical properties, micro- properties and resistance to chloride penetration of concrete in comparison with those of portland slag cement （PSC） and ordinary portland cement （OPC） concrete. The test results show that the compressive strength of SSC concrete can reach 38.6 MPa after 28 d, close to PSC concrete and OPC concrete. Microanalyses indicate that large quantities of ettringite and C-S-H, and little amount of Ca（OH）2 are generated during the hydration of SSC. The dense cement paste structure of SSC is formed by ettringite and C-S-H, surrounded unreacted phosphogysum. The property of resistance to chloride penetration of SSC concrete is better than PSC and OPC concrete due to the fact that SSC can form much more ettringite to solidify more Cl^-.     

Future resources for eco-building materials: I. Metallurgical slag

In order to make an effectivily recycle use of iron and steel slags that are main industrial wastes generated in Chinese metallurgical industry, the current technologies for reprocessing and recycling these wastes into eco-building materials were reviewed, such as preparing cement-steel slag blended cement with steel slag after metal recovery, using the fine powder of blast furnace slag (BFS) for manufacturing slag cement and high performance concrete. A further research on using these available resources more efficiently were discussed. Funded by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No. 50872105) and Shaanxi Provincial Grand-Tech Project of China (No. 2008ZKC04-04)     

矿渣-钢渣发泡混凝土的制备及反应机理

为了实现高炉矿渣、转炉钢渣的高附加值综合利用,以水淬高炉矿渣和转炉钢渣为主要原料,加入少量的脱硫石膏、石灰和水泥熟料,通过铝粉发气制备发泡混凝土.测试了不同矿渣-钢渣掺量制备的发泡混凝土制品3、7、28 d的抗压强度和容重,并用扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱仪分析了发泡混凝土制品养护过程中的水化产物和微观结构的变化.结果表明,钢渣掺量为30％、矿渣掺量为45％时,两者的协调性比较强,制品的抗压强度达到5.1 MPa,绝干容重为625 kg/m3;该凝胶体系中有钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶协同生成,且转炉钢渣的水硬活性明显低于水淬高炉矿渣.     

Properties of Steel Slag and Stainless Steel Slag as Cement Replacement Materials: A Comparative Study

To enhance the understanding about the utilization of steel slags as a cementitious material, we comparatively studied the chemical, mineralogical and morphological properties of two types of steel slag; basicoxygen-furnace carbon slag(BOF C) and electric-arc-furnace stainless steel slag(EAF S). Moreover, we studied the standard consistency, setting time and the effect of the slag replacement ratios on the fluidity and compressive strength of blended cement mortar. The experimental results showed that BOF C had higher alkalinity, higher pH value and more hydraulic phases than EAF S. Both types of slag showed water reduction effect due to its high fineness. Neat BOF C paste showed flash set and acceleration in the initial setting time of blended cement especially at high slag proportions. However, EAF S prolonged the setting time of blended cement even at low slag proportions. The pH values for blended cement contained 50% BOF C or EAF S were lower than those of pure cement paste. Despite of slag type, compressive strength gradually decreased with increasing slags content. The strength of BOF C mortar was higher than that of EAF S mortar with the same replacement ratio for the same age. Slag activity index demonstrated that BOF C and EAF S conformed to the Chinese National Standard(GB/T 20491-2006) requirements for steel slag as grade one and grade two, respectively.     

钢渣-杂填土基层材料配合比优化试验研究

以杂填土、钢渣、矿渣微粉为原料,采用土体固化技术混拌制备钢渣-杂填土基层材料。开展钢渣、混凝土破碎料、素土等主料对基层材料强度的耦合影响试验,构建回归模型,得到主料最优掺入比例,试验验证表明,回归模型预测值误差小于2%;以钢渣、混凝土破碎料、水泥、固化剂为因素开展正交试验,得到的最优结果与强度耦合影响试验基本一致,从而确定钢渣-杂填土最优配合比。最优配合比试件试验结果表明：钢渣-杂填土强度随龄期增长显著提升,30 d高温水浴膨胀率仅为1.03%。X射线衍射分析（XRD）及扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试表明：矿渣微粉中SiO₂与钢渣中f-CaO反应生成水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶,同时发现土壤固化剂对土体的改性可有效抑制钢渣膨胀;C-S-H凝胶填充于混凝土破碎料、钢渣、土颗粒间,增加了钢渣-杂填土基层材料密实度,使其强度得以提高。     

高性能填充轻集料混凝土试验研究

为了解决钢管混凝土结构高性能填充材料的制备问题,选用高强水泥、粉煤灰、硅灰、膨胀剂、页岩陶粒、页岩陶砂与天然砂组成的混合细集料、高效减水剂和增稠剂制备出具有轻质、微膨胀和自密实性能的高强混凝土,设计18个试验组对比分析了混合细集料中天然砂体积分数、胶凝材料用量和体积砂率对混凝土工作性能、物理力学性能和硬化变形性能的影响规律.研究结果表明:选用上述原材料,采用内掺法和松散体积法进行掺合料和混合细集料用量设计,调整混合细集料中天然砂和陶砂的体积比来改良颗粒级配,每m3混凝土掺入540~570 kg胶凝材料,体积砂率取值47%左右,可制备出适用于钢管轻集料混凝土结构的高性能填充轻集料混凝土.     

矿渣微粉应用性能分析研究

矿渣是水泥行业传统的混合材料,将矿渣制成微粉是水泥生产的新工艺。结合昆钢嘉华公司矿渣微粉的应用实际,对矿渣微粉在水泥和混凝土中的应用性能进行了分析。矿渣微粉无论是作为混合材在水泥中使用或是在作为掺和料在混凝土中使用,在提高强度、降低成本、保护环境等诸多方面都有理想的使用效果。     

Physical Properties and Hydration of Cementitious Materials Prepared from Vanadium Slag and Phosphate Slag

The physical properties and hydration of a cementitious material, which prepared mainly from the vanadium slag and phosphate slag, were investigated. These slags were investigated can be reused as original resources to prepare cement clinker based on the fact that they mainly comprise silicon and calcium phases, respectively. In this research, a batch of cement having various grades was prepared by mixing the clinker with gypsum, tailings, and fly ash. X-ray diffraction(XRD), differential thermogravimetric(DTG) as well as scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were applied to test and analyze the physical properties and hydration of the prepared cement. Experimental results suggest that the performances of the cement meet the requirements of national standards in all aspects. Its hydration process is similar to that of common Portland cement, whose hydrates were mainly composed of C-S-H, ettringite and CH. Moreover, the addition of fine particles would accelerate cement hydration, as it provided additional surfaces to help the nucleating and growing of hydrates.     

Preparation of Super Composite Cement with a Lower Clinker Content and a Larger Amount of Industrial Wastes

The effects of the grinling mode ,finencess,gypsum kinds and dosage,mix proportions on properties of the composite composite cements consisting of slag ,fly ash ,limestone and a lowr content clinker were investigated,respectively ,The results show that when thre proportions among slag ,fly ash and limestone are appropriate ,the grinding technology and system are reasonable ,the optinized gypsums and addities are effective,the 52.5R grade cement (52.5R grade cement menas a higher strength than 52.5 at ealy age) can be prepared by clinker dosage of 50% in weight,the 42.5R or 42.5 ,32.5 grade composite cement containing 40% and 30% clinker also may be made ,respectively ,Moreover,the high perfomance concrete preparde from the abover composite cements was studied experimentally.     

Recycling of industrial waste and performance of steel slag green concrete

Workability and mechanical properties of steel slag green concrete with different types of steel slag and different dosages of admixtures were investigated. The effectiveness of steel slag powder on suppressing alkali aggregate reaction (AAR) expansion was assessed using the method of ASTM C441 and accelerated test method. Experimental results show that mechanical properties can be improved further due to the synergistic effect and mutual activation when compound mineral admixtures with steel slag powder and blast-furnace slag powder are mixed into concrete. In addition, about 50% decrease in expansion rate of mortar bars with mineral admixtures can be achieved in AAR tests. Mineral admixtures with steel slag powder as partial replacement for Portland cement in concrete is an effective means for controlling expansion due to AAR.