聚酰亚胺/多壁碳纳米管泡沫材料的制备及性能研究

将不同质量分数的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNT）与PI通过原位聚合制备了聚酰亚胺（PI）/MWCNT泡沫复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜、热失重等仪器对材料性能进行了测试。结果表明,随着MWCNT质量分数的增加,泡孔直径增大,泡沫密度降低,当MWCNT含量超过0.4 %（质量分数,下同）易发生团聚作用,限制了泡沫结构的形成,导致泡沫的形状不规则;在添加0.2 %的MWCNT时,压缩强度、压缩模量、硬度获得了最好的增强效果,并发现增强效果随MWCNT质量分数的增加增强效果呈现先增大后降低的趋势;样品的热稳定性在添加0.05 %质量分数的MWCNT时达到最佳水平。     

碳纳米管含量对聚酰亚胺/碳纤维复合材料性能的影响

以聚酰亚胺(PI)为基体、碳纤维(CF)和碳纳米管(CNTs)为复合增强体,采用热模压工艺制备了不同CNTs含量的PI/CF/CNTs复合材料。采用电子拉力机、动态热机械分析仪和热重分析仪研究了PI/CF/CNTs复合材料的力学性能、动态力学性能和热稳定性。结果表明,与未加CNTs的PI/CF复合材料相比,CNTs含量为PI质量的0.2%时,PI/CF/CNTs复合材料具有最佳的常温力学性能,其中常温拉伸强度提高19.5%,常温弯曲强度提高20.6%,常温层间剪切强度提高14.7%,玻璃化转变温度则由357℃提高到451℃;CNTs含量为PI质量的0.05%时,PI/CF/CNTs复合材料具有最佳的高温力学性能,其中400℃拉伸强度提高15.8%,400℃弯曲强度提高9.6%,400℃层间剪切强度提高12.8%。CNTs的添加对PI/CF/CNTs复合材料的热稳定性几乎没有影响。     

ABS/羟基多壁碳纳米管复合材料的热性能和介电性能研究

利用熔融共混法制备了ABS/羟基多壁碳纳米管(OH-MWCNTs)复合材料并研究了其热性能和介电性能。结果表明,OH-MWCNTs提高了ABS的热稳定性、储能模量、玻璃化转变温度和维卡软化点。OH-MWCNTs质量分数为2%时,复合材料5%的质量损失温度提高了6.4℃,储能模量增加了19.9%,玻璃化转变温度提高了3.4℃,维卡软化点提高了3.3℃; OHMWCNTs质量分数为4%时,5%质量损失温度提高了10.9℃,储能模量增加了27.1%,玻璃化转变温度提高了4.8℃,维卡软化点提高了5.6℃。OH-MWCNTS提高了ABS的介电常数,但同时增加了介质损耗因数。在低频时复合材料的介电常数较大、介质损耗因数较小;在高频时复合材料的介电常数较小、介质损耗因数较大。     

碳化硅/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备及其吸波性能研究

以MWCNTs与SiC为原料,分别对两种物质进行修饰,然后将修饰改性后的两种材料采用水热法进行复合,得到了SiC/MWCNTs纳米复合材料。通过SEM、XRD和FTIR等手段研究了SiC/MWCNTs的形貌和结构,并用矢量网络分析仪测量了其电磁参数。对于通过水热法制备的SiC/MWCNTs纳米复合材料,在3.21 GHz、匹配厚度为6 mm的条件下,最小反射损耗可达-36.91 dB。相对于物理混合,采用水热反应制得的SiC/MWCNTs复合材料,其吸波性能更好。     

碳纳米管／环氧耐热复合材料性能研究

研究了碳纳米管／环氧树脂复合材料电性能、热氧老化性能和粘接性能。研究结果表明：添加量为2％时,复合材料的综合性能最优,表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别下降了9—10个数量级,剪切强度提高了12．33％,当老化时间达到200h,复合材料重量保持率仍有90％。制得的复合材料能够用于耐热胶粘剂和防静电材料。     

多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用浇铸法制备了不同含量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)的MWCNT/环氧树脂(EP)复合材料。用扫描电镜观察了MWCNT/EP复合材料的微观结构,发现MWCNT均匀分散在EP中。研究了MWCNT/EP复合材料的导电逾渗行为,材料的逾渗值为0.033%。分析了复合材料的动态力学性能,结果表明MWCNT的加入提高了EP的固化交联程度和韧性,同时复合材料的玻璃化转变温度也有提高。     

改性多壁碳纳米管的制备及其WPU复合材料的性能

用混酸对多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)进行氧化处理,再与乙二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸反应,制备了含氨基甲酸酯基的改性MWCNT,将其和水性聚氨酯(WPU)混合制备了MWCNT/WPU复合材料,研究了化学改性对复合膜性能的影响。结果表明,化学改性后,MWCNT能够均匀地分散于WPU中,和WPU基材的相容性及界面结合力增强,复合材料的力学性能、耐热性能、耐水性能和导电性能显著提高。改性MWCNT的质量分数为1. 5%时,复合膜的拉伸强度比WPU膜提高了89. 6%,初始热分解温度提高了12. 3℃,导电率提高了约10个数量级。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲脂/多壁碳纳米管复合材料的制备与电性能

对碳纳米管进行表面改性,改变纳米碳管表面性质。采用溶液共混法制备了多壁碳纳米管/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)观察了复合材料的微观结构,测试了复合材料的物理机械性能及导电性能。结果表明:采用溶液共混并用超声波分散的方法使多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)分散在PMMA基体中,随着MWNTs含量的增加,复合材料的电导率呈先上升后持平的趋势。并发现MWNTs质量分数为3%时,其拉伸强度为84 MPa;MWNTs质量分数为4%时,其冲击强度为24.19 kJ/m2。     

多壁碳纳米管／环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

采用物理机械方法与化学方法相结合的手段,制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWNTS）／环氧树脂（Epoxy）复合材料。通过力学拉伸试验测试了MWNTs/Epoxy复合材料拉伸强度和拉伸模量与MWNTS添加量的关系,利用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了MWNTS／Epoxy复合材料的拉伸断面,并用表面电阻测试仪对所制备的碳纳米管复合材料进行了电学性能测试。结果表明：经过化学酸化的方法处理后的MWNTS在复合材料中的分散得到了改善,力学性能也得到了明显的提高,但酸处理后的复合材料的电学性能明显低于未处理的复合材料。     

碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的结构与性能

通过机械混炼法制备了碳纳米管(CNT)／天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究了CNT的预处理方式对复合材料结构与性能的影响。结果表明,与NR相比,CNT／NR复合材料的硫化返原现象减轻,硫化后凝胶质量分数降低,硫化剂用量应适当增加,由混酸氧化处理的CNT填充橡胶复合材料的硫化迟滞效应明显;复合材料内部存在CNT的富集区域和CNT含量很少的橡胶区域,CNT与NR之间的界面结合作用不好;由HF处理的CNT填充橡胶复合材料的整体性能最好,但受CNT在橡胶基体中的不良分散状态及界面性质的影响,其力学性能不高。     

Electrical and thermal properties of silicone rubber composites filled with Cu-coated carbon fibres and functional carbon nanotubes

ABSTRACT

The thermal and electrical conductivities of SR composites containing Cu-CFs and f-MWNTs were studied. The Cu-CFs and f-MWNTs were prepared by chemical deposition and the coupling method, respectively. Both the fillers were characterised by FT-IR, XRD and SEM and the results showed that the Cu layers were deposited on the surface of the CFs and the MWNTs were successfully modified. In addition, the results of thermal and electrical conductivities for SR composites showed that the hybrid fillers system exhibited a better enhancement on thermal and electrical conductivities for SR composites than the single filler system. The maximum thermal conductivity and the least volume resistivity of SR/Cu-CFs/f-MWNTs composites could reach 3.86?W (m?K)^?1 and 3.5?×?10³?Ω?cm, respectively. Based on the experimental results, we recognised the improvement of intrinsical thermal and electrical conductivities of CFs and the good dispersion of MWNTs contributed to the formation of densified 3D conducting networks. Thus, the hybrid fillers system could synergistically enhance the thermal and electrical conductivities of SR composites. We believe, this study could provide an effective way for the design of high conductive polymer composites.     

Preparation of polyimide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite aerogels with anisotropic properties

In this study, a series of polyimide/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (PI/MWCNTs) composite aerogels with anisotropic properties were fabricated. First, the poly(amic acid) ammonium salt (PAS)/MWCNTs suspension was prepared by blending poly(amic acid), deionized water, triethylamine, MWCNTs, and CNT dispersant with the aid of ultrasonication treatment. Afterwards, the aqueous PAS/MWCNTs suspension was unidirectionally frozen at −65 ± 5°C, then followed by freeze-drying. Subsequently, the PI/MWCNTs composite aerogels were obtained after thermal imidization treatment. Morphology observations revealed that PI/MWCNTs composite aerogels exhibited a “hive-like” structure while viewed along the freezing direction, whereas a typical channel-like pore structure was observed perpendicular to the freezing direction. This typical structure rendered PI/MWCNTs composite aerogels with anisotropic properties such as heat conduction, electrical conductivity as well as electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness when the aerogels were characterized at different directions.     

Preparation and characterization of polydiphenylamine/multi‐walled carbon nanotube composites

We describe the synthesis of methane sulfonic acid (MeSA)‐doped poly(diphenylamine) (PDPA) with carboxylic groups containing multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (c‐MWNTs) via in situ polymerization. Diphenylamine monomers were adsorbed on to the surface of c‐MWNTs and polymerized to form PDPA/c‐MWNT composites. SEM and TEM images indicated two different types of materials: the thinner fibrous phase and the larger globular phase. The individual fibrous phase had a diameter around 100–130 nm, which should be the carbon nanotubes (diameter 20–30 nm) coated with a PDPA layer. The structure of PDPA/c‐MWNT composites was characterized by FTIR, UV‐visible spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction patterns. The electrical conductivities of PDPA/c‐MWNT composites were much higher than that of PDPA without c‐MWNTs. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

碳纳米管/橡胶复合材料的研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管(C NTs)的预处理方式,主要有纯化处理和表面改性2种方式,概述了CNTs/橡胶复合材料的制备方法,包括机械混炼法、溶液共混法和喷雾干燥法,以及复合材料的物理机械性能、电学性能、热学性能等性能,并根据复合材料的性能缺陷提出今后的研究方向.     

共聚聚酰亚胺纤维的制备及其性能研究

采用4,4’-二氨基二苯醚和1,6-己二胺(HDA)为二胺单体,与均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)在二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)中共聚得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)纺丝原液,通过干法纺丝工艺路线纺制PAA初生纤维,利用热酰亚胺化制备了共聚型聚酰亚胺(PI)纤维;通过红外光谱分析、动态力学分析、热重分析、X射线衍射等手段分析了PI纤维的力学性能及热性能。结果表明:红外光谱分析发现HDA的长亚甲基链引入到PI的链中;当HDA质量分数为20%时,PI纤维的断裂强度和模量分别为5.1 cN/dtex和76 cN/dtex;动态力学和热重分析发现,纤维的玻璃化转变温度为315～380℃,热稳定性在400℃以上;纤维经热处理后聚集态结构存在一定的有序性。     

碳纳米管预处理方法对天然橡胶/纯化碳纳米管复合材料力学性能的影响

纯化后的碳纳米管(CNT)分别经过球磨、表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠或分散-黏合体系预处理,再与100份(质量)天然橡胶(NR)混炼,可制备NR/纯化CNT复合材料。结果表明,纯化CNT直接与NR混炼,前者在NR中的分散效果不好,二者的界面结合欠佳。纯化CNT经球磨后,团聚程度增加,对复合材料力学性能影响不大。经表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠处理后的纯化CNT,内聚能下降,用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定复合材料的DSC曲线表明,复合材料的结晶熔融峰面积增大,力学性能降低。用分散-黏合体系处理纯化CNT,可同时提高纯化CNT在橡胶中的分散效果及界面黏合性,试样结晶熔融峰变得不明显,因此该复合材料的邵尔A型硬度提高,拉伸强度、300％定伸应力和撕裂强度等优于其他试样。     

紫外光辐照反-1,4-聚异戊二烯/碳纳米管复合材料

在室温和氮气环境下 ,用反 - 1,4 -聚异戊二烯 (TPI)与碳纳米管 (CNT)经紫外光辐照制备了TPI/CNT复合材料。实验表明 ,TPI与CNT的复合材料或二者直接共混物的电阻率 (ρv)均随CNT质量分数的增加而下降 ;前者的导电性优于后者。CNT质量分数为 5 %时 ,TPI/CNT复合材料的 ρv 与TPI相比 ,下降了 7个数量级 ,为 6 .0 7× 10 8Ω·cm。在紫外光辐照下 ,CNT可在TPI基质中均匀分布 ,形成导电网络     

碳纳米管/橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究进展

介绍了碳纳米管/橡胶复合材料的直接共混、溶液共混、乳液共混、熔融共混、原位聚合制备工艺,综述了碳纳米管/橡胶复合材料的加工性能、力学性能和电性能,指出今后的发展方向是开发新的碳纳米管制备技术、探索碳纳米管的纯化和改性方法、研究碳纳米管/橡胶复合材料的制备技术及其结构与性能的关系.     

Hydrogen sulfide sensing properties of multi walled carbon nanotubes

This paper investigates the effect of functional groups on the hydrogen sulfide sensing properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes using carboxyl and amide groups and Mo and Pt nanoparticles as decorated precursors in gaseous state at working temperature. Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by the CVD process and decorated with the nano particles; provide higher sensitivity for H₂S gas detection. The MWCNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), ATR-IR absorption and Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) analyses. The MWCNTs were deposited as a thin film layer between prefabricated gold electrodes on alumina surfaces. The sensitivity of carbon nanotubes was measured for different H₂S gas concentrations and at working temperature. The results showed that the measured electrical conductance of the modified carbon nanotubes with functional groups is modulated by charge transfer with P-type semiconducting characteristics and metal decorated carbon nanotubes exhibit better performances compared to functional groups of carboxyl and amide for H₂S gas monitoring at room temperature.