小铅试金富集-ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中的铂和钯

为了对地球化学样品中铂族元素快速、准确地进行分析测试,在实验的基础上,建立了小铅试金富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中铂和钯的方法。以碱式碳酸铅代替氧化铅,以硝酸银为铂钯捕集剂,取样量为10 g时,试金配方具有较宽的使用范围;灰吹后的银合粒经硝酸溶解后以盐酸沉淀分离银,可有效去除测定干扰元素;采用ICP-MS可准确测定试液中的铂钯含量。方法加标回收率符合要求,对标准样品的测定结果与推荐值相符,适用于批量化探样品中痕量(0.1 ng/g)的铂和钯的分析。     

铋试金﹣二次灰吹﹣ICP-AES测定黑色岩中的铂、钯、金

黑色岩中的大量碳、硫、镍影响铋试金的捕集和操作。在铋试金配料中加入硝酸钾、铁粉、硝酸银和亚碲酸钾,可消除碳、硫的影响,且一次灰吹时铋扣能快速脱皮、二次灰吹可得到光滑圆整的贵金属碲银合粒。合粒经硝酸、盐酸溶解,电感耦合等离子体光谱法(ICP-AES)测定,铂、钯、金的回收率均大于97%,方法检出限为Pt 0.020 μg/g、Pd 0.020 μg/g、Au 0.021 μg/g。对标准物质测定结果的相对误差(RE)为-4.31%~3.77%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.92%。     

直接灰吹﹣ICP-AES测定粗铅中的金、银、铂和钯

含有铅、铋、锑、金、银、铂和钯等元素的粗铅采用火试金重量法测定时,不能同时得到铂和钯的含量数据。采用铅箔包裹样品置于灰皿中,于860℃直接灰吹得到贵金属的合粒(含少量铋、铅),合粒可用硝酸溶银,补加过量盐酸溶解金、铂和钯,试液用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测定其中金、铂、钯和主要杂质元素(铋和铅)的含量,差减可得到银的含量,实现对金、银、铂和钯的同时测定。金、银、铂和钯的测定结果相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.95%,加标回收率在98.0%~99.8%之间,满足生产测定的要求。     

铅试金富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定树脂中钯

通过铅试金富集树脂中的钯并用银作钯灰吹保护,得到的银钯合粒用王水溶解,在5%的盐酸介质中,采用原子吸收光谱法测定钯,该法测钯的相对标准偏差RSD为0.53%,加标回收率在99.04%~100.10%之间。     

小试金-碲保护留铅灰吹富集测定矿石中痕量贵金属

采用小铅试金富集,以5 mg碲为灰吹保护剂,通过留铅灰吹法将矿石样品中痕量贵金属(金、铂、钯、铑、铱和钌)定量富集在50 mg左右的铅合粒中。铅合粒先以(1+1)硝酸溶解,再加入盐酸进一步增强溶解能力,基体通过以氯化铅形式沉淀得以分离,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定。相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为:Au 4.6%、Pt 8.7%、Pd 4.5%、Rh 9.2%、Ir 6.1%、Ru 5.8%。方法用于国家一级标准物质和黑色页岩样品中痕量贵金属的测定,测定值与认定值基本吻合。     

对经典试金分析的一些讨论

金在自然界中大都以元素状态散布在岩石层或砂矿中，分布极不均匀，因此金的分析存在不少困难。火法试金是把冶金学的原理和技术应用到分析化学中，使试样的分解和贵金属的富集结合在一起，达到贵金属与共存元素分离的目的。火法试金适应性广，富集效果好，根据所采用捕集剂的不同，火试金可分为铅试金、铋试金、锡试金、锑试金等。     

火试金-ICP-AES法测定铑派克废液中的铑

铑派克废液中因含有机物、磷和盐类，会影响其含量铑量的准确分析、测定。经对比试验采用火试金法进行样品前处理，火试金熔炼富集过程中添加含铑量3倍的铂和1倍的金富集铑，铑合金粒的密闭溶解；得到的试液采用ICP-AES测定。对含铑量为50~2000 g/t的样品，测定相对标准偏差(RSD)＜2%，加标回收率为96.7%~101.3%，满足生产分析要求。     

铅试金法测定硅氧烷铂配合物中的铂

硅氧烷铂配合物难于溶解。采用铅试金富集分离1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷铂配合物,以银作灰吹保护剂,得到的合粒经王水溶解后,采用氯化铵沉淀法和DDO光度法测定得到铂的合量。方法回收率为99.25%~100.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.64%~0.78%,满足样品中铂含量测定要求。     

不同金锡合金中金含量的火试金测定

当金锡合金中锡含量超过35%,直接进行灰吹时,金、银合粒松散,不聚珠,灰皿中存在灰吹残留渣,导致火试金测定结果偏低。对高含量样品,研究采用熔炼-灰吹的操作可去除锡干扰,得到完整的合粒。对不同含量的样品宜选择不同的分金硝酸浓度。根据不同含量采用不同的操作步骤,测定金锡合金中金的加标回收率为99.74%~100.27%,方法精密度(RSD)为0.021%~0.127%。     

用金作保护剂铅试金富集汽车尾气净化催化剂中铂钯铑的研究

建立了用金作保护剂,铅试金一步富集汽车尾气净化催化剂中铂钯铑的方法。研究了金保护剂的条件,对比了不同方法的富集效果。结果表明:加入20～40 mg金作保护剂,试金配料硅酸度为1.0,进炉温度900℃1,130℃恒温10 min,熔炼时间50～60 min,灰吹温度910℃,可完全富集500μg铂钯铑。方法富集效果好,操作简便,适用于汽车尾气净化催化剂、熔炼渣以及日常样品中0.x～xxxx g/t铂钯铑的分析。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.