Thermal and radiative characteristics of oxyfluoride glass singly doped with lanthanide ions

Rare earths-doped oxyfluoride glasses based on germanium oxide and lead fluoride were prepared from commercial raw materials. The glasses with general composition of 50GeO2-(50-x-y)PbO-yPbF2-xLnF3 (Ln=Pr3+-Yb3+), contained different concentrations of optically active dopants (x=0.2 mol.% and 2 mol.%) and PbF2 (y≤15 mol.%). The differential thermal analysis (DTA) was used to determine both thermal characteristic and thermal stability properties of the glasses in the function of the kind of dopant, its concentration, and a glass composition. Characteristic glass temperatures such as glass transition temperature (Tg), glass crystallization temperature (Tc) and temperature corresponding to the maximum of the crystallization rate (Tpc) were evaluated. On the basis of obtained results, the thermal stabilities of glasses under study were evaluated using various thermal stability criteria (Dietzel factor ?T, Saad-Poulain factors H' and S). It was found that the increase in rare earth fluoride contents influenced thermal characteristics when the characteristic temperatures of the individual glass was shifted towards higher values. The effect of the PbF2 content and the kind of rare earth impurity on the glass stability was observed. Absorption spectra of lanthanide-doped glasses were measured at room temperature and used to determine the phenomenological intensity parameters Ωt and next, to estimate radiative properties of lanthanide ions in this matrix. Radiative transition probabilities of luminescent states of Ln3+, branching ratios and radiative lifetimes were determined. The variation of the Ωt along the lanthanide series was presented and discussed.     

Process optimization of electroless copper plating and its influence on electrochemical properties of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy

The amount of Cu coating by chemical plating was investigated based on quadratic regression orthogonal experimental design being adapted to the variation law of temperature,pH value and Ni2+concentration,and the relevant regression equation was expressed as y=2.1609+0.5295×10-3T2-0.0342P2-0.0265N2+0.0023TP+0.0020TH+0.0199PN-0.0959T+0.3814P-0.2073N.The results showed that the deposition rate augmented with the increasing in temperature,pH value and Ni2+concentration.The experimental parameters of the optimal coating were temperature 75 ℃,pH value 8.5 and Ni2+concentration 1.2 g/L.The electrochemical tests indicated that the cycle stability increased from 60.66% to 75.58%,indicating that the treated alloy exhibited better corrosion resistance.     

天铁热力风机升级改造方案设计

通过对天铁集团高炉现状、风机现状的分析,提出了对热力厂风机升级改造的规划,确定了实施方案.该方案实施后将彻底改变风机渐进式改造的现象,使新高炉的备用机组发挥更大的作用,可增加现有高炉的风压、风量,使现有高炉的产量、冶炼强度进一步提高.     

Recent progress report on DNA B-Z transition modulated by rare earth-amino acid complex and Alzheimer's disease amyloid beta

Rare earth dements have unique physical, magnetic, luminescent and catalytic properties. They have been successfully used as medicine and probes in luminescent resonance energy transfer (LRET) for bioassays, as well as reagents for diagnosis in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this progress report, we will focus on recent progress on how rare earth amino complexes bind to DNA and change DNA structure, especially on DNA B-Z transition induced by rare earth amino acid complex and its potential impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD).     

Numerical Simulation on Inclusion and Bubble Entrapment in Solidified Shell in Model Experiment and in Mold of Continuous Caster With DC Magnetic Field

A model experiment investigating entrapment of inclusions and bubbles on the solidified shell was performed using molten steel,and the conditions for inclusion and bubble entrapment and mechanism of entrapment were studied.The results were applied to the flow behavior in the casting mold of a continuous caster.At the solid-liquid interface,entrapment of inclusions is greatly reduced by the existence of a low velocity flow,e.g.,0.05m/s.The above-mentioned interfacial flow velocity dependency of inclusion entrapment is considered to be largely influenced by changes in the thickness of the concentration boundary layer,which depend on the interfacial flow velocity.Specifically,bubbles and inclusions which enter the concentration boundary layer are drawn to the solid-liquid interface by a suction force which is several orders larger than the Saffman’s force.In addition to the above-mentioned suction force,the so-called cleaning effect is determined by fluid-dynamic forces such as drag force,etc.which act on particles,and furthermore,by resident time of particles at the solid-liquid interface,which depends on the solidification rate.In a FC mold with a 2-stage electromagnetic brake,flotation of bubbles entrained in the jet flow from the nozzle is accelerated with the large DC magnetic field.This is attributed to the braking effect of the DC field on the nozzle jet and the upward flow by the buoyancy of the bubbles.As a result,the interfacial flow velocity can be normalized by increasing the strength of the magnetic field,and entrapment of large bubbles and inclusions can be reduced.     

Influence of Controlled Rolling and Cooling Process on the Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Cold Forging Steel

In the present paper,controlled rolling and cooling processing was conducted by using a laboratory hot rolling mill.The influence of different processing parameters on the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel was investigated.The results show that the faster cooling after the deformation (especially in low temperature rolling conditions) leads to the refinement of the ferrite grain.The specimen exhibits very good mechanical properties owing to the finer ferrite grains.The pearlite morphologies can also affect the mechanical properties of low carbon cold forging steel.The mechanical properties increase with decreasing final cooling temperature within the range from 650℃ to 570 ℃ due to the finer interlamellar spacing of pearlite colony.The mechanical properties of the specimens with fast cooling after the conventional rolling are not only better than those of the specimens with slow cooling after low temperature rolling,but also almost similar to those of the specimens with fast cooling after low temperature rolling.It is suggested that fast cooling after high temperature rolling (the conventional rolling) process would be of important industrial value.     

The LIMMCAST Program at HZDR:Modelling of Fluid Flow and Transport Phenomena in the Continuous Casting Process

Model experiments with low melting point liquid metals are an important tool to investigate the flow structure and related transport processes in melt flows relevant for metallurgical applications.We present the new experimental facility LIMMCAST for modelling the continuous casting process of steel using the alloy SnBi at temperatures of200-400℃.The parameters of the facility and the dimensions of the test sections will be given,and the possibilities for flow investigations in tundish,submerged entry nozzle and mould will be discussed.In addition,the smaller set-up Mini-LIMMCAST will be presented,which works with the room-temperature liquid alloy GaInSn.The main value of cold metal laboratory experiments consists in the capabilities to obtain quantitative flow measurements with a reasonable spatial and temporal resolution.New ultrasonic and electromagnetic techniques for measuring the velocity in liquid metal flows came up during the last decade allowing for a satisfying characterisation of flow quantities in the considered temperature range up to 400℃.First results from LIMMCAST and Mini-LIMMCAST will be presented covering the following phenomena:fully contacfless electromagnetic tomography of the flow in the mould,flow monitoring by a multitude of ultrasonic sensors,and analysis of the flow in the mould under the influence of an electromagnetic brake:intensification of the flow turbulence contrary to the expected flow damping,injection of argon bubbles through the stopper rod:occurrence of pressure oscillations.     

汽车零件强度、寿命与可靠性分析与模型

The elasto-plastic stress/strain behavior of an automobile rear axle was analyzed by three-dimension finite element method.Based on the stress in critical area where fatigue crack appears,the fatigue life of the welded structure was predicted using the critical shear stress plane criterion.To improve the fatigue property of the rear-axle,the welding-seam was strengthened by both pellet spraying and plasma melting,and evident improvement was experimentally illustrated.Based on the viewpoint that a complex component is also a system in the respect of reliability assessment and statistical dependence among component failures(i.e.the so call"common cause failure")is inherent for system under stochastic load environment,a system-level load-strength interference model was presented and the reliability of the rear axle was estimated as a system,instead of a component.     

铝土矿、氧化铝和电解铝产业链市场及利润流向

本文主要介绍近几年铝土矿、氧化铝和电解铝产业链的市场和利润流向演变以及未来发展形势.     

提高轧制重轨BS75A成材率的措施

介绍了武钢大型厂生产重轨BS75A时,利用现有设备,通过不断研究,找到了一条提高重轨(BS75A)生产成材率的方法,并取得了较好的经济效益.     

钢水熔炼和精炼系统理论与实践的进展

综述１９５２年ＬＤ投入工业生产以来炼钢技术的进步，在热力学原理的基础上回顾了铁水预处理，碱性氧气转炉炼钢的成果，及其与炉外精炼组合形成的协同作用，作为组合工艺应用，概要论述了锰和熔融还原，并对未来炼钢技术的发展提出了七个主要方面。     

75%硅铁杂质组成及精炼

讨论了75％硅铁中主要杂质来源及存在状态，并对精炼措施做了研究分析。     

宝钢二次精炼工艺的发展优化及今后的工作

详细介绍了宝钢自1985年投产以来二次精炼设备和工艺的发展历程以及多年来宝钢在二次精炼工艺开发方面所取得的进展情况，同时也提出了今后需要开展的工作，以便充分发挥宝钢二次精炼设备的潜力，提升宝钢的竞争力。     

炉外精炼技术在钢铁生产中的应用和发展

本文阐述炉外精炼的功能作用和分类选择,介绍国内外炉外精炼技术的发展现状,并提出了发展我国炉外精炼技术的有关建议。     

RH－KTB及其RH真空精炼方法

对ＲＨ—ＫＨＢ方法的发展概况及工艺特点进行了分析，并与其它ＲＨ真空精炼方法进行了比较。同时介绍了ＲＨ—ＫＴＢ方法和ＲＨ多功能精炼方法的应用前景。     

唐钢RH精炼碳氧平衡研究与应用

研究了唐钢RH精炼在不同真空度条件下的碳氧平衡条件,探索了进站钢水碳含量、终脱氧位对不同真空度下出站钢水碳含量的影响规律,分析了终脱氧位对钢水洁净度的影响。研究结果表明,通过调节钢水的终脱氧位稳定不同真空度条件下RH出站钢水的碳含量。提高真空度,降低钢水终脱氧位可以降低RH精炼后期铝脱氧Al2O3夹杂物的生成,提高钢水洁净度。     

LF炉精炼工艺和效果的研究

通过对LF炉的改造，配电制度的调整和提出的渣系的实践数据的分析，表明能有效控制流入LF炉的渣量和渣层厚度．电弧埋入泡沫渣中，提高了LF炉渣的流动性，这对脱氧脱硫起着重要的作用．     

LF精炼炉电极消耗原因及对策

对邯钢－炼钢厂ＬＦ钢包精炉的电极消耗大的原因进行了分析，并介绍了所采取的措施及取得的成效。     

重轨钢的炉外精炼与连铸

论述了重轨钢真空处理的必要性及国外重轨厂家采用真空处理的现状。对用连铸坯轧制重轨的优点及重轨钢连铸工艺特点作了说明，介绍了国外改善连铸方坯质量的措施和用连铸坯轧制重轨的主要厂家。     

炼钢,炉外精炼技术现状及发展趋势

主要简述转钢、炉外精炼技术的开发、应用、现状和发展趋势。