煤制气低温甲醇洗VOCs废气处理技术探讨

煤制气低温甲醇洗废气是挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的主要污染源,低温甲醇洗排放废气需要处理后,才能达标排放。介绍了挥发性有机化合物的处理技术,其中,蓄热式燃烧法具有高效、环保和节能的特点。低温甲醇洗废气风量大、浓度低,净化效率要求高,采用蓄热式燃烧法最为合适。旋转式蓄热氧化器(RTO)较塔式RTO在技术上有更高的可靠性和稳定性,且运行成本更低,建议处理低温甲醇洗装置废气,优先选用旋转式RTO。     

基于蓄热式焚烧装置（RTO）的安全管理工作研究

蓄热式焚烧装置（RTO）在各类化工行业中的应用广泛,其主要原理是通过氧化燃烧工业废气中的VOCs达到净化尾气的目的。通过对RTO废气治理系统安全问题进行分析,列举多项安全管理措施,确保RTO系统的安全稳定运行。     

热回收式和蓄热式热力焚烧系统在涂装线烘干室中的应用

介绍了涂装线中烘干室热回收式热力焚烧系统(TNV)和蓄热式焚烧系统(RTO)的工作原理、基本组成及特点.从节能、废气净化等方面给出了选用TNV、RTO的建议.通过实例,分析比较了两种系统的投资成本.     

旋转蓄热式热力焚烧系统在胶粘剂涂布工程中的应用

介绍了旋转蓄热式热力焚烧系统(RTO)的工作原理、基本组成及特点。从节能、废气净化等方面给出了选用RTO的建议。通过实例,分析比较了两种系统的投资成本。     

蓄热式焚烧炉在丁苯橡胶生产节能改进中的应用

乳聚丁苯橡胶装置采用蓄热式焚烧炉(regenerative thermal oxidizer,RTO)处理废气,RTO正常运行需要燃烧大量天然气维持燃烧室高温状态.本文通过控制RTO排气温度达到节约天然气的效果,并提出自动化改造建议.     

RTO装置在焦化废气处理中的应用

采用蓄热式热力氧化器(RTO)对焦化废气进行了处理,并对RTO装置进行了工艺优化。结果表明,经过RTO装置处理的焦化废气达到了国家相关排放要求,有机废气的净化率达到了99%,治理效果较好。     

煤化工蓄热式热氧化焚烧处理VOCs技术控制模式研究

蓄热式热氧化焚烧法（regenerative thermal oxidizer,简称RTO）为挥发性有机化合处理物的其中一种方式,又因RTO有可以处理风量大、浓度低的有机化合物,可以适应挥发性有机化合物的组成和浓度的变化,净化效率较高,维护工作量少,操作安全可靠等优点,在有机废气净化过程中使用频繁。通过对RTO系统热炉阶段、启动阶段和停运阶段的控制模式及主要控制回路的介绍,有利于更好地指导运行控制。     

多床式RTO焚烧炉床层温度动态修正设计

床式RTO焚烧炉是有机废气净化中应用最为广泛、高效和稳定的一类蓄热式焚烧装置。有机废气通过在各个床层内不同状态的流通实现废气预热、净化、蓄热处理，达到废气净化和节能的目的。废气在流经各床时，各床层温度会出现一定范围的动态变化，即进气时，对应床层会被冷却，床层温度相应下降，排气时，床层被加热，对应床层温度升高。合理的调整各个床层进排气周期，实现各个床层温度动态稳定状态。但是在实际应用中，由于各方面的扰动，会造成某一床层温度出现大范围的波动，使该床层温度偏离设定值，如果不加以控制，则会使偏差越来越大，进而造成设备损坏，RTO停机。针对此类现象，在系统控制方面设计一套床层温度动态修正方案，通过控制程序来改善床层温度烧偏的情况。     

工业有机废气热氧化技术研究进展

研究开发节能、高效的有机废气处理技术对环境保护有重要意义。本文简要介绍了有机废气常见的处理技术,重点论述了蓄热式热氧化技术(RTO)和蓄热式催化氧化技术(RCO)用于处理工业有机废气的工作原理、适用条件。详细分析了关于蓄热式热氧化系统设计的关键技术问题,包括蓄热体的传热与流动阻力、催化剂的分类及各自的优缺点、催化剂的制备方法、换向系统的设计与选用、启动技术。蓄热式热氧化技术和蓄热式催化氧化技术在国内外都已有很多成功的实际运用案例,将来也将有更广阔的应用前景。由于企业有机废气的成分比较多元化、不稳定及企业间歇生产的特点,使得有机废气浓度和废气量都有间歇性变化,导致RTO系统运行不稳定,因此如何适应入口浓度的波动是需要进一步研究的问题。     

烘干炉废气处理技术在涂装车间的应用研究

对废气产生过程和废气主要组成进行了论述,对废气处理如蓄热催化式焚烧系统(RCO)、蓄热式直接燃烧处理技术(RTO)、热回收式热力焚烧系统(TNV)等的原理及使用状况进行了阐述,重点对商用车驾驶室涂装线烘干炉工艺设计过程进行了介绍。     

陶瓷生产过程中污染物的成因与防治

对陶瓷生产过程中造成环境严重污染的废气、废水和固体废弃物的产生及成因进行了分析，在此基础上，结合国外有关报导和国内实践经验，提出了对上述污染物防治的具体办法，以期改善作业环境的工况条件，达到减少和防治污染的双重目的。     

Prozesswärmeerzeugung im heißen Bypass von RTO‐Anlagen versus separater Wärmeerzeugung

Plants for regenerative thermal oxidation (RTO) are used for detoxification of solvent‐containing exhaust gases. The achieved exhaust gas preheating temperatures enable over‐autothermal operation with only relatively low solvent loadings, so that a process heat decoupling can be implemented without additional fuel. If there is not enough process heat generated, the peak demand is usually generated by a direct‐fired boiler. It is demonstrated that it can be energetically favorable to generate the process heat only by the RTO – even by use of additional fuel.     

Fabrication and properties of high-thermal-storage RTO ceramics using bauxite tailings and red mud

Nowadays, it is critical to find materials and methods that can help reduce the human impact on the environment. Regenerative thermal oxidizers (RTOs) have a wide range of applications owing to their effective energy saving. Among the different RTOs, thermal-storage RTO ceramics have basic heat storage and release capability. The main objective of this work is to study the preparation of thermal-storage RTO ceramics for the treatment of exhaust gas using bauxite tailings and Bayer red mud from Jiaozuo City (Henan Province) with different mass fractions of magnetite as substitutes for the traditional raw materials (quartz and clay). The effect of the magnetite addition on the performance of the thermal-storage RTO ceramics prepared from the bauxite tailings and red mud was investigated. The raw materials were pressed into cylinder shape and then sintered at 950 °C, 1000 °C, 1050 °C, and 1100 °C. The developed materials were analyzed and characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, and specific heat capacity tests (differential scanning calorimetry using the sapphire method) were conducted on the thermal-storage RTO ceramics prepared at the optimal sintering temperature (1050 °C). The ceramics exhibit the best overall performance for magnetite content of 25% and sintering temperature of 1050 °C, with compressive strength of 134.96 MPa, volume density of 3.00 g/cm³, and linear shrinkage of 14.68%. The product also has a remarkably low water absorption rate and apparent porosity, water absorption of 0.02%, apparent porosity of 0.06%. Furthermore, the specific heat capacity is sufficiently high to meet the requirements of high-thermal-storage RTO ceramics. This study provides a new, low-cost solution for the preparation of high-thermal-storage RTO ceramics, which is helpful for reducing the exploitation of natural mineral resources.     

Thermodynamic and economic analysis on a two-stage predrying lignite-fueled power plant

In this study, an improved configuration of lignite-fueled power plant integrated with a two-stage predrying system was proposed. The predrying system mainly consists of two fluidized-bed dryers and an additional feed water heater. Lignite is dried successively in the exhaust gas dryer and steam dryer. With boiler exhaust gas being the heat source of the first stage dryer, waste heat of a fraction of the boiler exhaust gas can be used. The exhaust gas of the second stage dryer was considered to be water vapor and its latent heat can be recovered by the additional feed water heater. The thermodynamic and economic analysis show that with the lignite drying degree being 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3?kg/kg, the power generation efficiency of the proposed power plant is 1.45, 2.12, and 2.81% higher than that of the conventional lignite power plant, respectively. Moreover, the annual net economic benefit will be 1.34, 2.03, and 1.60 M$/a during the lifetime of the drying system. The annual net economic benefit is not necessarily higher with higher power generation efficiency.     

利用LNG冷能的有机朗肯循环系统的工质研究和变工况性能分析

以LNG冷能和废热源驱动的有机朗肯循环可以提高系统的能源利用率。通过流程模拟软件HYSYS对使用不同工质的朗肯循环系统进行了模拟分析,结果表明,丙烷是用于低温朗肯循环最合适的工质。循环工质的蒸发温度高低对系统的净输出功及效率影响较为明显,废热烟气的流量或温度的提升有助于改善系统的性能。选定一个合适的冷凝温度,既能保证系统单位质量LNG所能输出的净功在一个合理的范围内,又可以改善系统效率。     

轻油裂解法生产氰化钠尾气净化新工艺

介绍了一种氰化钠尾气的净化工艺,将轻油裂解法生产液体氰化钠中富含氢气的尾气净化处理．在脱氰塔内用氢氧化钠溶液吸收尾气中的氰化氢,脱氨塔内用水吸收尾气中的氨气,通过脱氰、脱氰工艺将净化后的含氢气体输送到合成氨车间作为生产液氨的原料。     

含氨典型废气净化及工程示范装置运行总结

采用吸收/吸附-催化有氧分解耦合工艺净化合成氨及尿素生产过程中产生的含氨废气。介绍了净化合成氨弛放气的工程示范装置的工艺操作条件、工艺流程及运行效果。氨含量约3%的弛放气经过离子液吸收塔处理后,气体中的氨平均浓度降到45×10-6以下,再经4级蒸馏后,回收氨的浓度可达95%;氢氨回收膜分离装置含少量氨的工艺尾气经催化反应器处理后,排放氨浓度小于1.4×10-6;弛放气中氨的净化率达到99.99%。     

基于内燃机余热回收联产系统变工况特性分析

回收天然气内燃机的排气余热是提高能源利用率的有效手段。提出一种回收排气余热的朗肯循环耦合吸收式制冷循环的联产系统,并针对内燃机多变工况特点,构建联产系统的变工况仿真模型开展变工况特性研究。结果表明,当内燃机工况从100%下降到40%时,联产系统的当量效率下降2.14%,系统总能效率增量仅下降1.64%,说明此联产系统具有很好的工况适应性。在40%工况下,制冷循环由于溴化锂溶液的结晶而不能正常运行。研究结果为联产系统的实际运行提供理论指导。     

基于低温吸收-蓄热氧化的油气回收技术研究

为了实现油气回收和达标排放的目标,采用回收与处理相结合的研究思路,优选出了基于低温吸收和蓄热氧化的油气回收技术方案。对该技术方案进行了室内试验和现场试验,并对影响回收效果的两个主要因素进行了规律性研究。试验表明:当液气比、喷淋密度越大,吸收剂含吸收质初始浓度、煤油温度越低,以及油气中初始甲苯浓度越高时,吸收率越高;在进行油气吸收时吸收剂最好采用新鲜煤油;蓄热氧化处理过程中,洗涤气不可缺省;该技术方案油气吸收处理效果较好,室内和现场试验结果均达到了设计要求。此技术具有经济和高效的优点,对今后油气回收技术的发展具有一定的指导意义。     

Effects of valve events on the engine efficiency in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fueled by dimethyl ether

Combustion characteristics of a homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine were investigated with regard to the residual gas, i.e. internal exhaust gas recirculation (IEGR), by changing the intake and exhaust maximum opening points (MOP) and the exhaust cam lifts. Three different exhaust camshafts were used and had 2.5 mm, 4.0 mm and 8.4 mm exhaust valve lift. In-cylinder gas was sampled at the intake valve immediately before ignition to measure the IEGR rate. The heat release, fuel conversion efficiency and combustion efficiency were calculated using the in-cylinder pressure and composition of exhaust gases to examine the combustion features of the HCCI engine. The negative valve overlap (NVO) was increased as exhaust valve lift was reduced. Longer NVO made an increased IEGR through exhaust gas trapping. The IEGR rate was increased as the exhaust valve timing advanced while it was affected more by exhaust valve timing than by intake valve timing. Combustion phase was advanced by lower exhaust valve lift and early exhaust and intake MOP. It was because of higher amount of IEGR gas and effective compression ratio. The fuel conversion efficiency with higher exhaust valve lift was higher than that with lower exhaust valve lift. The late exhaust and intake MOP made the fuel conversion efficiency improve.