排塑工艺对钢水余热衬瓷技术的影响

针对表面涂层技术工艺复杂、高耗能、结合不牢固等缺点,利用钢水余热衬瓷技术制得了金属表面衬瓷层.该技术核心之一是配制合格的复合粉.在配制过程中加入了粘结剂(PVB),但使用之前需将其排出.把混合均匀的铁粉和铝粉以及纯PVB一起放在实验箱式炉中加热,确定出了排塑的最佳工艺.利用XRD分析了合金的氧化程度,用SEM比较了排塑完全和未排塑完全的衬瓷铸件的组织.结果发现430℃×1h为最佳排塑工艺;排塑完全的衬瓷铸件表面平整光滑、衬瓷层与基体结合强度高.     

Mierostrueture and Properties of Coating from Cemented Carbide on Surface of H13 Steel

The microstructures and properties of coating from cemented carbide on the substrate of H 13 by vacuum powder sintering were studied. The effect of sintering temperature on the microstructures of coating was discussed. The interface characteristics between coating and H 13 steel substrate, microhardness distribution and wear resistance in the coating were analyzed. The coating from cemented carbide with thickness of 1-3 mm by vacuum powder sintering at temperature ranging from 1280℃to 1300 ℃ was obtained. The experimental results indicated that the coating with microhardness of HV 1600 favorable to wear resistance is strongly bonded with the H 13 steel substrate by mutual diffusion and penetration of Fe,Cr, Mo,V in substrate towards the coating and W, Co,Ni in coating towards the substrate.     

Surface composites fabricated by vacuum infiltration casting technique

Alumina （Al2O3） particles reinforced copper matrix surface composites were fabricated on the bronze substrate using the vacuum infiltration casting technique. Three cases were obtained in the vacuum infiltration casting technique： no infiltration, partial infiltration and full infiltration （the thickness of preforms do not exceed 3.5mm）. The reason of no infiltration is that the vacuum degree is not enough so that the force acting on the liquid metal is lower than the resistance due to the surface tension. Partial infiltration is because of somewhat lower vacuum degree and pouring temperature. Full desired infiltration is on account of suitable infiltration casting conditions, such as vacuum degree, pouring temperature, grain size and preheating temperature of the preform. The most important factor of affecting formation of surface composites is the vacuum degree, then pouring temperature and particle size. The infiltration mechanism was discussed on the bases of different processing conditions. The surface composite up to 3.5 mm in thickness with uniformly distributed Al2O3 particles could be fabricated via the vacuum infiltration casting technique.     

高能球磨在复合材料制备中的应用

机械合金化（MA）技术作为一种制备新材料的有效方法已获得广泛的应用，利用该方法以获得常规条件下很难合成的具体独特性能的新型复合材料，高能球磨是机械合金化技术研究中的最新进展，利用高能球磨可在球磨过程中诱发低温化学反应，可制备性能优异的金属或陶瓷材料，介绍了利用高能球磨进行机械合金化的介面反应机理，固溶分解机理，自蔓延反应机理，高能球磨强度对材料制备的影响,机械合金化在金属基陶瓷复合材料和陶瓷基金属复合材料制备中的应用与发展。     

Wear performance of Ni/ZrO<Subscript>2</Subscript> infiltrated composite layer

The Ni/ZrO2 was used as raw materials to fabricate the surface infiltrated composite layer with 1-4 mm thickness on cast steel substrate through vacuum infiltrated casting technology. The microstructure indicated that the infiltrated composite layer included surface composite layer and transition layer. Wear property was investigated under room temperature and 450 ℃. The results indicated that the abrasion volume of substrate was 8 times that of the infiltrated composite layer at room temperature. The friction coefficient of infiltrated composite layer decreased with the increasing load. The wear resistance of infiltrated composite layer with different ZrO2 contents had been improved obviously under high temperature. The friction coefficient of infiltrated composite layer was decreased comparing with that at room temperature. The oxidation, abrasive and fatigue abrasion was the main wear mechanism at room temperature. Oxidation abrasion, fatigue wear and adhesive wear dominated the wearing process under elevated temperature.     

新型铸钢醇基涂料的研究

以红柱石为耐火骨料,并合理选择烧结助剂等其它组分,研制了新型铸钢醇基涂料。试验表明,新型铸钢醇基涂料涂层中的红柱石粉在铸钢浇注温度(1 550℃)作用下,生成大量的高熔点莫来石相,使得该涂料层具有了良好的抗粘砂效果,浇注的铸件表面光洁,不粘砂,易清理,劳动强度低,且悬浮性、涂刷性、流平性及抗流淌性等工艺性能优良,同时与锆英粉涂料相比成本低廉,适用于各类型碳钢及中小型合金钢铸件。     

喷涂工艺对陶瓷/金属自反应复合涂层组织的影响

用等离子喷涂的方法喷涂自制的Fe2O3 Al自反应复合粉,在金属表面制备了陶瓷-金属多相自反应复合涂层．研究了复合粉和涂层的微观结构,以及喷涂工艺参数对复合粉反应程度及涂层组织的影响．研究发现,喷涂距离是影响复合粉反应程度及涂层组织结构的主要因素,枪距在100mm时,反应最充分,涂层组织最致密．     

Improved visible transparency of SIO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/ZNO:AL /CEO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-TIO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/SIO<Subscript>2</Subscript> multilayer films with high UV absorption and infrared reflection rate

New visible transparent, UV absorption, and high infrared reflection properties have been realized by depositing multilayer SiO₂/ZnO: Al/CeO₂-TiO₂/SiO₂ films onto glass substrates at low temperature by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Optimum thickness of SiO₂, ZnO: Al (ZAO) and CeO₂-TiO₂ (CTO) films were designed with the aid of thin film design software. The degree of antireflection can be controlled by adjusting the thickness and refractive index. The outer SiO₂ film can diminish the interference coloring and increase the transparency; the inner SiO₂ film improves the adhesion of the coating on the glass substrate and prevents Ca²⁺, Na⁺ in the glass substrate from entering the ZAO film. The average transmittance in the visible light range increases by nearly 18%-20%, as compared to double layer ZAO/CTO films. And the films display high infrared reflection rate of above 75% in the wavelength range of 10-25 μm and good UV absorption (> 98%) properties. These systems are easy to produce on a large scale at low cost and exhibit high mechanical and chemical durability. The triple functional films with high UV absorption, antireflective and high infrared reflection rate will adapt to application in flat panel display and architectural coating glass, automotive glass, with diminishing light pollution as well as decreasing eye fatigue and increasing comfort.     

等离子喷焊铁/镍混合基喷焊层Q345复合板的制备

通过在铁合金粉末中加入5%质量分数的镍合金粉末来制备铁镍合金粉末。使用等离子喷焊技术在以Q345为基体的低合金钢表面制备铁/镍混合基喷焊层。通过设计正交实验,使用金相显微镜,物相显微镜以及扫描电镜,来研究铁/镍混合基喷焊层的物相以及微观组织,判断其基体和喷焊层的结合性是否良好以及对基体,融合线,喷焊层的金相组织进行观察与分析。在判断喷焊层显微硬度时,使用维氏显微硬度计,对试样的喷焊层,融合线以及基体进行测试,并对其数据进行分析。使用软件对试样的金相图进行晶粒分析,通过对试样的硬度,成型系数,焊缝宏观样貌,裂纹等数据进行分析,优化出具有高性能的铁/镍混合基Q345复合板工艺参数。     

复合微孔玻璃膜的研制──Ⅰ多孔陶瓷基体的制备

用氧化铝或堇青石超细粉为骨料，混合玻璃粉，碳粉润滑剂压成坯料，在１２５０℃时烧成得到表面光滑强度较好的多孔基体．透水率为１０００～３０００ｍＬ／ｃｍ２·ｈ，孔隙率为３０％～４０％．电镜观察表明，表面和断面孔隙为（０．２～６）μｍ，孔隙大小及分布均匀，是一种能做无机复合玻璃膜的较好的多孔基体．     

包渗法制备硅化物涂层的结构形貌及形成机理

采用包渗法在C-103铌合金基体上制备MoSi2涂层,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段研究涂层表面、截面形貌以及氧化后涂层结构变化,并分析硅化过程中涂层的形成机理。研究结果表明：包渗法制备硅化物涂层是通过反应扩散形成的,硅化过程服从抛物线规律;该涂层为复合结构：MoSi2相为主体层;以NbSi2相为主、并含少量Nb5Si3相的两相为过渡区;Nb5Si3相为扩散层。在高温氧化环境下,涂层表面生成致密的非晶氧化层,有效地阻止了氧向涂层内扩散。     

深松犁铲CO2焊/喷射高铬钼合金粉复合堆焊层耐磨特性

为解决传统深松犁铲易磨损的问题.提出了CO2气保焊-喷射送粉复合堆焊新工艺,在深松犁铲易磨损部位制备高铬钼合金堆焊层.用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、磨料磨损试验机对堆焊层与基体的结合状况、微观组织结构和耐磨料磨损性能,进行观察和测试.试验结果表明：堆焊层组织主要由下贝氏体、残留奥氏体构成且堆焊层与基体间为良好的冶金结合.耐磨料磨损性能与传统深松犁铲相比提高2.38倍,延长了其使用寿命.     

热喷涂HA复合涂层的组织分析

为了制备羟基磷灰石（HA）复合涂层,采用化学沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石粉末,对制备的超细粉末加入PVA溶液充分搅拌、干燥、研磨和过筛,制备出微米级、近似球状的、在等离子送粉器中容易流动的羟基磷灰石粉末.利用等离子喷涂和电弧喷涂的复合喷涂方法制备出羟基磷灰石不锈钢复合涂层和氧化铝不锈钢复合涂层,并通过扫描电镜分析了涂层的组织形态.结果表明,羟基磷灰石粉末比重很轻,不易进入等离子弧中心而被融化,等离子弧将羟基磷灰石粉末加热并载入电弧喷涂气流中,由不锈钢雾化液滴一并打在基体上形成复合涂层.对于氧化铝/不锈钢涂层和复合涂层,2种粒子虽然分布不均匀,但却获得了良好的冶金结合.     

渣浆泵过流件用增强表面复合材料的基材选择

分别用低铬铸铁、铸造碳钢、灰口铸铁作为基材，采用负压铸渗工艺制造了WC陶瓷颗粒增强表面复合材料渣浆泵泵壳，研究分析其宏观结构和显微组织，优化选择适用于渣浆泵过流件的WC颗粒增强表面复合材料的基材。结果表明：灰口铸铁作为表面复合材料的基材比低铬铸铁和铸造碳钢更适合制造具有复杂、异形曲面的渣浆泵过流件，过流件复合层厚度3～5mm。复合层与基材层、增强颗粒与基体均形成冶金结合。     

Microstructure of Ni / WC surface composite layer on gray iron substrate

The surface infiltrated composite (Ni/WC) layers on gray iron substrate were fabricated through a vacuum infiltration casting technique (VICT) using Ni-based composite powder with different WC particles content as raw materials.The microstructures of surface infiltrated composite layer,the interface structures between surface composite layer and the substrate,the changes of macro-hardness with the increasing of WC content and the micro-hardness distribution are investigated.The infiltrated composite layer includes a surface composite layer and a transition layer,and the thickness of the transition layer decreases with the increasing content of WC.The thickness of transition layer with 20%WC content in the surface infiltrated composite layer was 170 μm which was the thickest for all transition layers with different WC content.The surface composite layer was mainly composed of WC,W2C,FeB and NiB,along with Ni-Cr-Fe,Ni (Cr) solid solution,Ni (Si) solid solution and Ni (Fe) solid solution.The transition layer was composed of Ni (Cr) solid solution,Ni (Fe) solid solution,Ni (Si) solid solution,Fe (Ni) solid solution and eutectic.The surface macro-hardness and micro-hardness of the infiltrated layer had been evaluated.The macro-hardness of the surface composite layer decreases with the WC content increasing,and the average macro-hardness is HRC60.The distribution of micro-hardness presents gradient change.The average micro-hardness of the infiltrated layer is about HV1000.     

Corrosion mechanism of HVOF silicate glass coating in 5% NaCl solution

On the basis of good anticorrosion capability of silicate glass,silicate glass coating was sprayed by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and the corrosion mechanism in 5% NaCl solution was studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) ,energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) ,X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiom- eter were used to study the coating composition and corrosion process. The result shows that silicate glass coating is entirely noncrystallizable. Silicate glass coating has very low incidence of hole with compact structure. Electric double-layer can form at coating/solution interface and corrosive solution performs as a lead connecting the coating surface and substrate after permeating through glass coating. The corrosion mechanism of silicate glass coating is similar to that of glass and the entire corrosion process can be divided into some states. The whole corrosion process happens in glass coating without substrate basically. The fluctuation of the self-corrosion potential about glass coating in corrosion solution can help to research the corrosion process.     

XPS study of the corrosion resisting composite alloying layer obtained by double glow plasma with the brush plating Ni interlayer

The Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu multi-element surface alloying with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer on the low carbon steel substrate has been investigated. By the electrochemical method in 3.5% (mass fraction) NaC1 solution, the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer and single alloying layer is determined. The experimental results show that the corrosion resistance of the composite alloying layer is obviously better than that of the single alloying layer. The structure and composition of passive films formed on the two kinds of alloyed layers after electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaC1 solution have been studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is concluded that the double glow plasma surface alloying of low carbon steel with the electric brush plating Ni interlayer is an appropriate technique to enhance the corrosion resistance compared with the single double glow surface alloying.     

Effect of pouring height on the solidified microstructure of AlSi7Mg alloy

The effect of different pouring heights and evenly soaking process in the liquidus and solidus range on the solidified microstructure of AlSi7Mg alloy has been studied. The results show that if the pouring temperature is 630 or 650℃ and the pouring height is 40 mm, the microstructure of the solidified melt is not homogeneous and there are many rosette-like primary α-Al grains. But if the pouring height is increased to 400 mm, the solidified microstructure becomes more homogeneous and favorable to obtain spherical primary α-Al grains in the solidified melt. With further being evenly soaked in the liquidus and solidus range for some time,the temperature difference between the melt center and the melt periphery can be controlled within ±2℃ and the primary α-Al grains will evolve into more spherical grains. The theoretical analysis indicates that the higher pouring height promotes the melt flow motion and makes the temperature field in the melt more homogeneous and restrains the large rosette primary α-Al grains. This flow motion can also promote the ripening effect and the primary α-Al grains in the melt are gradually changed into spherical grains. It can be concluded from the experiments that pouring at an appropriate superheat and from a proper height is a good new method for preparing the semisolid slurry of AlSi7Mg alloy, its process control is easy and the preparation cost is lower.     

湿化学法制备ATO/TiO2导电复合粉体包覆机制的研究

采用湿化学共沉淀法,通过在TiO2颗粒表面包覆Sb掺杂SnO2（ATO）制备ATO/TiO2导电粉.运用TG-DSC、XRD、XPS、SEM、BET和电导率等手段对ATO/TiO2导电粉进行了表征.研究结果表明：锡锑混合物xSn（Sb）O2·yH2O以非晶态的形态靠范德华力与静电引力吸附在TiO2表面,煅烧过程中,xSn（Sb）O2·yH2O脱去结晶水吸附或鍵合在TiO2表面.随着TiO2颗粒表面包覆层ATO厚度逐渐增加,ATO/TiO2粉体的电导率逐渐增加.     

电解液对镁合金微弧氧化层耐蚀性的影响

为了提高镁合金基体的耐蚀性,采用微弧氧化法在镁合金表面制备了MgO-ZrO2复合陶瓷层,利用XRD和SEM研究了膜层的相组成、结构及生长过程,并用LK98C电化学综合系统测试了其耐蚀性.实验结果表明：三种电解液中,K2ZrF6-KOH耐蚀性能较好;在交流阻抗测试结果中,镁基体出现了点蚀;K2ZrF6为8g/L,KOH为3.2g/L时,电荷转移电阻较高,达到4.058×105Ω.