NHD脱碳液净化除杂技术的工业运用

NHD脱碳液在循环使用中,容易被氧化成的硫单质和粉尘等污染,造成溶液颜色变黑,脱碳电耗高、管道经常堵赛等一系列问题,为此,采用了NHD脱碳液净化除杂技术对受污NHD脱碳液进行处理。介绍了该技术在工业运用中的操作步骤、主要仪器设备、配料原则和处理后的效果,实践表明,NHD脱碳液净化除杂技术可满足脱碳液的回收再用,且不改变脱碳液成分;与处理效果相同的蒸馏法相比,处理成本大大降低。     

湿法磷酸净化过程的实验研究

以开阳磷矿所制湿法磷酸为原料,结合“料浆法”磷铵生产工艺的特点,进行了湿法磷酸净化的实验研究,探索了影响初步净化与深度净化的主要条件及变化规律,找出了适宜的工艺条件,使磷酸中氟、铁、铝等杂质的脱除率达９７％以上,获得ｍ（Ｐ２Ｏ５）／ｍ（Ｆ）＞１０００的净化液,可进一步制取精细磷酸盐。     

考虑压缩机分组级联布置的氢网络综合

氢气是炼厂中的重要原料,采用氢网络综合的方法能够优化炼厂氢气分配以及其他相关设备的配置,在提高氢气利用率的同时降低能耗。在氢网络中压缩机费用占比较大,氢网络综合的一个重要优化目标是寻求合理的压缩机布置,节约相关费用。提出一个可同步优化氢气分配与级联压缩机布置的氢网络综合模型。该模型将压缩机划分为氢源压缩机、氢阱压缩机和流股压缩机三组,可以考虑共用以及串联压缩机的情况。此外,为了降低模型求解难度,提出合理的简化措施。案例分析表明考虑压缩机分组级联布置模型和简化模型的优化结果均明显优于常规模型,所需的压缩机数目降低,压缩机相关费用减少1.5%～2.1%,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

盐水精制过程分析

通过对离子膜进槽盐水中不纯物的来源及危害的分析，提出优化盐水精制的方法，以期提高盐水质量。     

Aspen Plus在深冷净化合成氨工艺模拟中的应用

以Aspen Plus为工具对深冷净化工艺中冷箱内的气液相平衡进行预测计算。计算选用Peng-Robinson状态方程,通过对二元交互作用参数的回归和修正,获得了满意结果。在此基础上,对采用深冷净化工艺的合成氨装置进行全流程模拟,研究工艺参数改变对冷箱及其下游氨合成系统的影响。     

高纯过氧化氢

介绍了国内外高纯过氧化氢生产情况、生产方法、产品质量指标和分析方法。     

A mathematical model for optimal compression costs in the hydrogen networks for the petroleum refineries

Hydrogen network design is an important step in hydrogen management of a petroleum refinery that manages the hydrogen distribution and consumption in a cost‐effective manner. While most works in this area have primarily focused on minimization of fresh hydrogen requirement and hydrogen purification aspects, very few works have dealt the issue of compression costs in hydrogen network designs. This work proposes a new mathematical model for synthesizing a hydrogen network with minimum compression costs. In contrast to the existing literature, this model uses stream‐dependent properties and realistic compressor cost correlations to determine the compression duty and costs, respectively. Tests on literature examples show that our model is flexible and gives reasonably favorable solutions than the previous models. Furthermore, the usefulness of understanding the trade‐offs between the number of compressors and compression duty and the importance of using stream‐dependent conditions in estimating compression costs are also highlighted in this work. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 3925–3943, 2017     

储氢提纯和氢网络的耦合优化

基于氢网络的集成以及AB₅型储氢材料LaNi_4.75Fe_0.25及LaNi_4.85Al_0.15的特性;对储氢提纯在氢网络中的应用进行研究。综合考虑LaNi_4.75Fe_0.25及LaNi_4.85Al_0.15储氢/放氢动力学;建立了储氢提纯氢网络的优化方法;根据单位质量储氢材料提纯的节氢能力和公用工程节省量与提纯参数的关系;确定最优提纯氢源浓度、最大公用工程节省量、储氢材料量和吸氢时间。用该方法对某炼厂氢网络和储氢提纯单元进行优化;结果表明;最优提纯氢源浓度为70%;提纯后公用工程可节省23.72%; LaNi_4.85Al_0.15作为储氢提纯材料优于LaNi_4.75Fe_0.25;其消耗量为991.26 kg。     

铝电解含氟烟气的净化技术

介绍了我国电解铝工业的发展现状、生产工艺和技术。详细介绍了铝电解含氟烟气的污染和净化处理的两种方法:干法净化工艺和湿法净化工艺。对比了干湿法净化的原理、吸收剂、工艺设备和工艺过程,分析了干法和湿法净化的特点,并提出了铝电解含氟烟气净化工艺的发展趋势。     

2kt/a精制低砷黄磷装置工艺设计

概述２ｋｔａ 黄磷精制脱砷系统的工艺流程和主要设备的尺寸及选型。通过实践表明,该装置工艺流程简单,设备设计合理,运行可靠,生产过程危险性小,脱砷效果好,工艺技术指标稳定。     

变压吸附法提纯电解氢气生产高纯氢

介绍了变压吸附法制高纯氢的生产工艺及运行状况。     

真空碳酸盐法脱除硫化氢技术及展望

本文通过介绍几种广泛应用的脱除硫化氢的方法及其利弊,提出了真空碳酸盐法脱除硫化氢的优越性。并且通过研究真空碳酸盐法脱除硫化氢的机理,提出了目前开发真空碳酸盐法脱硫技术还需解决的主要技术难题和真空碳酸盐法在气体净化领域的应用前景。     

简捷法确定提纯回用氢网络目标值

与只考虑直接回用的氢网络相比,具有提纯单元的氢网络能显著减少新鲜氢气的消耗量,但其设计及求解提纯目标值过程均更为复杂。对于单杂质、提纯单元采用固定浓度模型的提纯回用氢网络,结合此类网络的特点,提出了一种简捷法确定网络目标值。首先假设提纯后氢物流量足够大,由此得出初始提纯夹点。当初始夹点估算正确时,由夹点之下的需求物流和源物流的流量与杂质质量衡算即可得出提纯回用氢网络的目标值;当初始夹点估算不正确时,可以第一次计算结果为基础判断得出正确夹点,再增加一步简单计算,也可得到提纯回用目标值。计算实例表明本文方法计算简单且有效。     

氟钽酸钾结晶工艺研究

氟钽酸钾结晶过程,本身就是一个提纯过程。研究了氟钽酸钾的结晶工艺,主要研究氟钽酸钾的结晶过程中除去杂质钙和碳的方法以及冷却方式改进,从而获得最佳的的氟钽酸钾结晶工艺条件,生产出符合要求的氟钽酸钾产品。     

Efficiency of hydrogen recovery from reformate with a polymer electrolyte hydrogen pump

The energy efficiency of hydrogen recovery from mixtures of CO₂, H₂O, and H₂ by a polymer electrolyte hydrogen pump (PEHP) has been evaluated. The PEHP pumps protons across the polymer electrolyte, producing >99.99% pure H₂ and a concentrated CO₂ stream. Single stage PEHP experiments recovered 65% of the hydrogen with an energy efficiency of 50%. The energy efficiency is limited by hydrogen mass transport across the porous gas diffusion electrode. The mass transport resistance for hydrogen increases as H₂ is depleted from the CO₂/H₂ mixture by the PEHP. Analysis shows that a multistage PEHP with fixed applied potential difference can recover >90% of the hydrogen with an energy efficiency of 75%, whereas a novel multistage PEHP design with a programmed voltage profile can achieve >90% energy efficiency with >98% hydrogen recovery. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011     

石化园区厂际提纯回用氢气系统优化

石化园区化肥厂、乙烯厂等富氢气体送往炼油厂,能够缓解炼油厂的氢气亏缺,因而石化园区厂际氢气系统优化具有重要的意义.本文构建了石化园区厂际提纯回用氢气系统超结构模型,以年度化总费用为目标函数,建立优化的数学模型,使用商业优化软件GAMS平台建模,用DICOPT作为求解器.对某石化园区的氢气系统进行了优化,结果表明,总的年度化费用比现行的系统降低了33.1%.     

炼油厂氢气网络建模与多目标优化(英文)

The demand of hydrogen in oil refinery is increasing as market forces and environmental legislation, so hydrogen network management is becoming increasingly important in refineries. Most studies focused on single-objective optimization problem for the hydrogen network, but few account for the multi-objective optimization problem. This paper presents a novel approach for modeling and multi-objective optimization for hydrogen network in refineries. An improved multi-objective optimization model is proposed based on the concept of superstructure. The optimization includes minimization of operating cost and minimization of investment cost of equipment. The proposed methodology for the multi-objective optimization of hydrogen network takes into account flow rate constraints, pressure constraints, purity constraints, impurity constraints, payback period, etc. The method considers all the feasible connections and subjects this to mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). A deterministic optimization method is applied to solve this multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, a real case study is intro-duced to illustrate the applicability of the approach.     

以“劣质”炼厂气制氢的组合工艺

镇海炼化炼油厂采用气体组合工艺, 以炼厂气为制氢原料对制氢装置进行改造, 取得了可观的经济效益。     

质量交换网络

质量交换网络自从1989年提出以来,作为发展循环经济和建设资源节约企业和社区的理论方法,获得长足进步。本文从基本概念、理论方法(特别是夹点分析方法)到工业应用做了全面综述。