平衰落信道下ML和MAP信道估计与导频符号长度的关系性能比较

信道估计是无线通信系统必须加以解决的关键技术之一，采用导频符号辅助的方法进行信道估计是目前各类无线通信系统常用的方法。本文针对平衰落信道提出了最大似然(ML)算法和最大后验概率(MAP)估计算法，给出了ML估计和MAP估计之间的关系，仿真了MAP估计和ML估计的方差与导频符号长度的关系，提出当导频符号长度的取值超过20个符号长度时，MAP信道估计明显优于ML信道估计。     

DVB-T接收机符号同步的一种新算法

在DVB-T(DVB(数字视频广播)-Terrestrial)系统中,传统的ML(最大似然)符号同步算法计算量大,经改进的MC(最大相关)算法计算复杂度虽降低了,但其估计性能却大大下降。为了降低计算复杂度和提高估计的性能,在ML算法的基础上,提出了一种计算复杂度较低的符号定时同步算法。仿真结果表明,在瑞利信道下,新算法的定时估计性能优于其他两种算法。     

OFDM系统中对最大似然算法频偏估计的改进

深入研究了基于循环前缀(Cyclic-Prefix,CP)的最大似然算法(ML)算法。针对这个问题,对基于CP的ML算法做了如下改进,改进的算法同时对连续3个符号进行ML估计。符号定时同步时,当前符号同步信息能够通过前面2个符号的同步信息得到校正。在进行频偏估计时,通过使用观察窗,在窗口内进行连续频偏值的均值运算,对频偏估计值误差进行矫正。     

基于正交训练序列的MIMO系统联合最大似然时频同步和信道估计

该文推导了多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中的符号定时、频偏和信道参数的联合最大似然(ML)估计。针对联合ML估计没有闭合的表达式、数值计算复杂度高的问题,该文提出了一种基于重复结构的正交训练序列的简化估计算法。该估计算法形式简单、复杂度低,且仍为最大似然估计。最后仿真分析了最大似然参数估计的均方误差与接收信噪比和天线数目的关系,并与Cramer-Rao界作了比较,表明了该算法的有效性。     

一种新的基于最大似然估计的迭代定时恢复算法

符号同步误差对LDPC译码性能会产生严重恶化,如何在低信噪比下,利用LDPC的编码增益来提高符号同步误差估计性能是本文的核心问题.基于最大似然(ML)准则,提出了似然函数导数归零的码辅助迭代符号同步算法,该算法以单一编码分组为单位进行迭代估计,不但可以应用于连续信道,同样适用于突发通信.仿真结果表明,本文提出算法的估计性能可以在信噪比很低的情况下逼近MCRB,在符号同步误差估计值快速收敛的同时,译码性能接近符号精确同步的理想情况.     

一种用于OFDM符号定时跟踪的盲估计算法

利用具有循环前缀和循环后缀的OFDM帧结构,该文提出了一种新的符号定时跟踪盲估计算法。理论分析及仿真表明,无论在AWGN还是多径衰落信道条件下,该定时算法估计的均方差都小于ML算法。     

基于CMMB传输系统的粗符号定时同步算法

为了减少无线信道中存在的多径和频偏对中国移动多媒体广播(CMMB)系统传输信号同步的影响,结合CMMB标准协议规定的具体帧结构,分析了符号同步对系统的影响,讨论了传统最大似然(ML)算法的优缺点,并基于文献中的无数据辅助算法,提出了一种适合该系统并且复杂度较低的粗符号定时同步算法。仿真结果表明,在AWGN及多径信道环境下,新算法可以有效克服传统算法相关峰不明显的缺陷,其估计性能更好。     

V-BLAST光MIMO系统检测算法分析

为了降低系统光多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的复杂度,提高系统的性能,介绍了迫零(ZF)检测算法、最小均方误差(MMSE)检测算法、最大似然(ML)检测算法在垂直分层空时编码(V-BLAST)光MIMO空时系统中的应用。从理论上对算法性能和复杂度进行研究,然后在MATLAB建立仿真模型,对多模光纤的传输函数进行仿真,结果表明在多模光纤链路中,ZF算法性能较低;MMSE算法较ZF算法有所改进;ML算法通过比较接收符号和原发送的符号之间的相似度,从而获得原符号的最小差错概率,其性能最好。     

最大似然频谱估计法与周期图最大值法的性能比较分析

研究宽带信噪比(RSNW)和有效功率谱宽度对最大似然(ML)法多普勒频率估计结果的影响,采用探测概率和正确估计频率标准差来描述ML算法对仿真信号和实验数据的处理性能,并与周期图最大值(PM)法所得结果进行比较。经理论仿真和对中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所1.5μm全光纤相干测风激光雷达实测数据的反演处理,结果表明,高谱宽度下,ML算法的正确估计频率标准差与相比PM可降低0.5 MHz,达到90%的探测概率所需宽带信噪比ML算法与PM算法相比低2 d B。表明ML算法的正确估计频率标准差能与PM算法相比不高于1.1 MHz,探测概率高9%。要获得风速精度小于1 m/s同时探测概率在80%以上,所需宽带信噪比大于-14 d B。     

基于全极化SAR非监督分类的迭代分类方法

本文在全极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)特征分解和最大似然估计(ML)分类的基础上,提出基于全极化SAR极化特征分解及最大似然估计的非监督分类迭代算法.这种方法灵活性好、精度高.本文提出了迭代分类方法的几种方案.针对特征分解和ML分类的各自特点,进行了分析比较,可以根据实际需要选择适合的迭代方法.并利用NASA JPL实验室的实测数据对该迭代分类算法进行了实验研究,得到了很好的实验结果.实验结果证明这种迭代算法有很好的适应性和很强的鲁棒性.     

Frequency-Domain Carrier Frequency and Symbol Timing Offsets Estimation for Offset QAM Filter Bank Multicarrier Systems in Uplink of Multiple Access Networks

In this paper, we study carrier frequency offset (CFO) and symbol timing offset (STO) estimation in the uplink of multiuser offset QAM filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) communication systems. A low-complexity frequency-domain CFO estimator using periodical training sequence is proposed. Also a good estimate of STO is obtained by maximizing the energy of subcarriers subject to training sequence at the output of analysis filter bank. Furthermore we derive the theoretical MSE for the proposed CFO estimator. Computer simulations show that the derived MSE matches the simulated MSE closely. Compared with state-of-the-art time domain estimator, the proposed estimator achieves better performance with a lower computational complexity.     

RLS-Based Joint Estimation and Tracking of Channel Response, Sampling, and Carrier Frequency Offsets for OFDM

This paper proposes a pilot-aided joint channel estimation and synchronization scheme for burst-mode orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Based on the received signal samples containing pilot tones in the frequency domain, a cost function that includes the carrier frequency offset (CFO), sampling clock frequency offset (SFO) and channel impulse response (CIR) coefficients is formulated and used to develop an accompanying recursive least-squares (RLS) estimation and tracking algorithm. By estimating the channel CIR coefficients instead of the channel frequency response in the frequency domain, the proposed scheme eliminates the need for an IFFT block while reducing the number of parameters to be estimated, leading to lower complexity without sacrificing performance and convergence speed. Furthermore, a simple maximum-likelihood (ML) scheme based on the use of two long training symbols (in the preamble) is developed for the coarse estimation of the initial CFO and SFO to suppress dominant ICI effects introduced by CFO and SFO and to enhance the performance and convergence of the fine RLS estimation and tracking. Simulation results demonstrate that, over large ranges of CFO and SFO values, the proposed pilot-aided joint channel estimation and synchronization scheme provides a receiver performance that is remarkably close to the ideal case of perfect channel estimation and synchronization in both AWGN and Rayleigh multipath fading channels.      

新型船舶自动识别系统设计及其同步算法分析

为了提高船舶自动识别系统(AIS)的容量,提出了基于正交频分复用技术(OFDM)的新型AIS系统设计方案.新系统设计主要包括系统参数设计、系统帧结构设计.新系统链路容量和信道传输速率均较传统AIS系统提高了6倍,实现了频域资源的有效利用.该系统对符号定时偏差和载波频率偏差特别敏感,因此对接收信号的同步处理必不可少,在设计的新系统基础之上提出了一种新的盲估计算法,利用包含在循环前缀内的冗余信息,在多径信道信息未知的情况下,直接通过对接收信号做相关构造一个归一化的相关特性函数,通过此函数可得到符号时延位置和多径信道长度,进而得到载波频率偏差.仿真结果表明在多径信道下该算法也具有较好的性能.     

Analysis and design of joint CFO/channel estimate techniques for a cooperative STBC‐OFDM system

This paper studies the joint estimation technique of carrier frequency offset (CFO) and channel information for a distributed decode‐and‐forward (DF) cooperative space‐time block‐coded (STBC) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. For the considered relay system, we provide theoretical analysis of the effects upon the output signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), which is caused by the CFO/channel estimation error. Based on the provided analytical results, a joint CFO/channel estimation scheme is then developed, where the CFO estimate is achieved by a multiple‐dimensional linear search algorithm. Furthermore, we propose an alternative estimation solution with iteration approach being designed for the CFO estimation prior to the channel estimation. In contrast to the former estimator, the iterative method enjoys the advantage of the substantially reduced implementation complexity without sacrificing the estimate performance. The conducted computer simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.     

Improved time and frequency synchronization for dual-polarization OFDM systems

This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual-polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP-OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple-input multiple-output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP-OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double-slope line in the log-variance line versus signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with single-polarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3-dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion-valued or complex-valued signals. Cramer–Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.     

OFDM Carrier Synchronization Based on Time-Domain Channel Estimates

Carrier frequency synchronization is critical to the quality of signal reception in OFDM systems. This paper presents an approximate maximum-likelihood (ML) carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation scheme based on time-domain channel estimates which retain the CFO information in the form of phase rotation. The proposed ML CFO estimate is investigated under static as well as time-varying fading channels. Statistical properties of the estimator are examined and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) is derived. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulations show that the proposed CFO estimator renders excellent performance with lower computational complexity. The proposed CFO estimate also has an advantage of allowing for more flexible pilot patterns     

Robust and Efficient OFDM Synchronization for FPGA-Based Radios

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular modulation technique that can combat impulsive noise, is robust to multipath fading, is spectrally efficient, and can allow flexible allocation of spectrum. It has become a key standard in cognitive radio systems as well as an enabling technology for mobile data access systems. An OFDM receiver’s performance is heavily impacted by the accuracy of its symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation. This paper proposes a novel OFDM synchronization method that combines robust performance with computational efficiency. FPGA prototyping is used to explore the trade-off between the number of computations to be performed and computation word length with respect to both synchronization performance and power consumption. Through simulation, the proposed method is shown to provide accurate fractional CFO estimation as well as STO estimation in a range of channels. In particular, it can yield excellent synchronization performance in the face of a CFO that is larger than many state-of-the-art synchronization implementations can handle. The system implementation demonstrates efficient resource usage and reduced power consumption compared with existing methods, and this is explored as a fine-grained trade-off between performance and power consumption. The result is a robust method suitable for use in low-power radios, enabling less precise analog front ends to be used.     

基于差分空时调制的OFDM系统中的载波频率偏差估计算法

最近兴起的基于差分空时调制的正交频分复用系统可以采用非相干接收，从而避免了对时变多径信道状态信息的复杂估计，但存在的载波频率偏差会导致系统性能的下降。本文充分利用差分空时调制和循环前缀的特点，提出了的一种高效率高精度的频率偏差估计算法。该算法不需要任何辅助信号和信道估计，经过捕获和一次跟踪，解决了频率偏差的估计问题。理论分析表明，本文提出的算法能有效估计系统中存在的小数频率偏差。此外，仿真结果显示新算法在较低Eb／N0时，较常规算法有一个数量级以上的精度提高，而在高Eb／N0时可以有超过3个数量级的精度改善。     

Carrier Frequency Offset and I/Q Imbalance Compensation for MB-OFDM Based UWB System

Two types of wireless communication system imperfections, namely carrier frequency offset (CFO) and in-phase/quadrature-phase (I/Q) imbalance, are addressed in this paper. We propose an efficient time domain CFO and I/Q imbalance estimation and compensation scheme for multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based ultra-wideband system. In this scheme, a data-aided CFO estimation algorithm, which is robust to a large I/Q imbalance, is presented. Also, a time domain I/Q imbalance estimation algorithm based on partially CFO compensated preambles is introduced. Finally a two-step joint CFO and I/Q imbalance compensation scheme is developed. Taking full advantage of the ECMA-368 preamble symbols, the proposed scheme is competent for large I/Q imbalance (2-dB gain error and 20-deg Phase error) and carrier frequency offset (50 ppm), and the results are confirmed by simulations.     

Iterative Receiver Design with Joint Carrier-Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation for LDPC-Coded MIMO-OFDM Systems

In this paper, we study the design of expectation-maximization (EM)-based iterative receivers for low-density parity check -coded multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems with the presence of carrier-frequency offset (CFO). First, starting from the maximum-likelihood principle, we devise a novel EM-based pilot-aided scheme for joint estimation of CFO and channel coefficients. Then, this estimator is incorporated into the initialization step of the iterative receiver. Simulation results show the effectiveness of our receiver design in combating CFO over unknown frequency selective fading channels.