四孔中空纤维中空度测试方法探索

通过几种不同的方法试验、对比，找出四孔中空纤维截面中空度的测试误差较小的方法．     

壳聚糖纤维/壳聚糖/海藻酸钠水凝胶溶胀性能与抑菌性能

制备了壳聚糖(CS)/海藻酸钠(SA)复合水凝胶,并通过加入吸水性壳聚糖长纤维、45%壳聚糖水刺无纺布、80%壳聚糖水刺无纺布、100%壳聚糖水刺无纺布、100%壳聚糖针刺无纺布这五种纤维,增强复合水凝胶的力学性能,探究了复合水凝胶的吸水溶胀性能与抑菌性能。结果表明,加入纤维后水凝胶在蒸馏水中的溶胀比明显降低,在碱性环境中,水凝胶的溶胀比显著上升,在偏中性环境中,水凝胶的溶胀比最低;加入纤维后,复合水凝胶仍具有一定的抑菌性,无纤维添加的水凝胶呈现出的抑菌能力一般,而加入了吸水性壳聚糖长纤维的具有最佳的抑菌性能。     

双金属离子交联海藻基抗冻水凝胶的制备

以海藻酸钠为主要材料,依次通过Ca2+和Zn2+离子交联,制备了双金属离子交联海藻基水凝胶.研究了水凝胶制备条件对其压缩强度、拉伸强度、抗冻性以及电化学阻抗的影响,合成的水凝胶具有较好的抗压缩性能和抗拉伸性能.当在浓度为1.25 g/mL 的ZnCl2溶液中交联72 h时,钙锌双交联海藻基水凝胶在25℃和-18℃的压缩...     

交联大豆蛋白凝胶的溶胀性能的研究

制备了大豆蛋白凝胶与戊二醛交联大豆蛋白凝胶,研究了凝胶的溶胀性及其影响因素,以质构仪、扫描电镜对凝胶的质构和断面微观结构进行了表征,结果表明:大豆蛋白浓度为13%,其凝胶溶胀率为15.00g/g;当大豆蛋白浓度为12%,25%戊二醛用量为50μL,交联大豆蛋白凝胶溶胀率为25.1g/g,;氯化钠浓度和水的温度对交联大豆蛋白凝胶的溶胀率有影响,氯化钠浓度从0升至0.1M,交联凝胶溶胀率从25.1减小为5.34g/g;水的温度从20升至60℃,凝胶的溶胀率从21.81增至49.12g/g;质构分析和扫描电镜结果显示,戊二醛交联凝胶比大豆蛋白凝胶具有更高的硬度、弹性、内聚性、破裂强度和更有序的微观结构。     

天然高分子亲水性凝胶材料在竹醋液中 溶胀度的初步研究

测定了壳聚糖、黄原胶、海藻酸钠3种天然高分子亲水性凝胶材料在竹醋液中的溶胀度。探讨了温度、pH值对其溶胀度和溶胀速率的影响。结果表明在20~40℃ 范围内,3种凝胶的溶胀度和溶胀速率随着温度的升高而增加;在不同pH值的竹醋液中,壳聚糖和黄原胶的溶胀速率十分相近,而且黄原胶比壳聚糖更稳定。     

浅析圆中空涤纶中空度的控制

分析了喷丝孔孔形、纺丝温度、冷却成形条件、拉伸倍数对圆中空涤纶中空度的影响,并结合中空纤维其它质量指标,采取熔体温度２８０℃,风速０．５５ｍ／ｓ,风温２４℃,泵供量２８８ｇ／ｍｉｎ,拉伸倍数４．３５的工艺条件,可生产出中空度约为２２％的圆中空涤纶。     

高强度海藻酸盐纤维的制备

采用湿法纺丝方法制备高强度海藻酸盐纤维,研究了影响纤维断裂强度的因素。结果表明:海藻酸钠的β-D-甘露糖醛酸单元(M)/α-L-古罗糖醛酸单元(G)质量比越高,纤维断裂强度越低。采用M/G值为0.32的海藻酸钠为原料,氯化钙水溶液为凝固液,纺丝液质量分数为5.0%,凝固浴质量分数为4.5%,凝固浴温度为40℃,纤维烘干温度为30℃,可制得断裂强度达4.675 cN/dtex的高强度海藻酸盐纤维。     

聚丙酰胺-海藻酸盐双网络水凝胶的制备与力学性能

本文通过两步法制备了具有相互穿插双网络结构的聚丙酰胺-海藻酸盐(PAAm-alginate)水凝胶,确定了较优制备工艺,采用SEM、FTIR、TG/DTA和DSC表征其结构,测定其力学性能等.结果表明,该水凝胶具有多孔结构,红外特征峰明显,热稳定性良好,其拉伸强度达到0.68 Mpa,断裂伸长率为130.29％,在抗压...     

中空纤维超滤膜截留率测定规范化方法的研讨

本文用葡聚糖作为标准物，考察了压力，线速度，原料浓度对中空纤维超滤膜表观截留率的影响。在测定表现截留率的基础上，以Ｌｅｖｅｑｕｅ公式和浓差极化公式计算了真实截留率，真实截留率受操作条件影响小，用它对表现截留率进行了校正，为建立中空纤维超滤膜截留率测定的规范化方法打下了基础。     

The characterization of alginate wound dressings with different fiber and textile structures

Seven commercially available alginate wound dressings with different polymer, fiber, and nonwoven structures were characterized in this study. The performances of these dressings were compared in terms of their absorbency capacities, gel swelling ratios in water and normal saline, wicking of fluid, and dry and wet strengths. Results show that the absorbency and swelling ratios were strongly affected by the guluronate and mannuronate contents of the alginate, the calcium and sodium contents of the fibers, and the nonwoven structures of the dressing. The different types of alginate wound dressings also had significantly different dry and wet strength. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2516–2520, 2006     

New insights into sodium alginate fouling of ceramic hollow fiber membranes by NMR imaging

Ceramic hollow fiber membranes are investigated with respect to the fouling behavior. Constant pressure dead‐end filtration experiments have been performed using alginate as model substance for extracellular polymeric substances. In addition to the evaluation of the filtration data using conventional cake filtration model, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to elucidate the influence of Ca²⁺ on the fouling layer structure for alginate filtration within ceramic hollow fiber membranes. To visualize the alginate layers inside the opaque ceramic hollow fiber membranes by means of MRI, specific contrast agents were applied. Supplementary to multi slice multi echo imaging, flow velocity measurements were performed to gain more insight into the hydrodynamics in the fouled membranes. MRI reveals the structure of the alginate layers with the finding that the addition of Ca²⁺ to the alginate feed solution promotes the formation of a dense alginate gel layer on the membrane's surface. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 2459–2467, 2016     

SA/FK智能复合微球的交互作用及溶胀性能

采用挤压法制备了海藻酸钠/羽毛蛋白(SA/FK)复合微球。用FTIR和黏度法研究了SA/FK体系的交互作用、探讨了不同制备条件(FK用量、交联剂质量分数、交联时间)、溶胀溶液性质(pH、温度、离子强度)对溶胀性能的影响。结果表明,复合体系的交互作用是静电为主,氢键次之。随着时间延长,溶胀速率变缓,最终达到溶胀平衡。当m(FK)/m(SA)=0.60、w(CaCl2)=7%、交联时间为60 min时,复合微球网络结构最紧密,溶胀速率最低,平衡溶胀率分别为0.6、0.6、0.9。pH由1增加至7,平衡溶胀率仅从0.9升至1.1,当pH=13时,平衡溶胀率升至3.8。温度由30℃提高至45℃,平衡溶胀率从0.6升至0.9。离子强度由0增加至0.6 mol/L,平衡溶胀率从1.1升至13.8。SA/FK复合微球具有pH/温度/离子强度敏感性,有望实现新型智能缓释微球的开发。     

Two‐dimensional simulation of hollow fiber membrane fabricated by phase inversion method

In the steady fabricating process, two‐dimensional hollow fiber membrane near the spinneret was numerically simulated using the finite element method (FEM). The unknown positions of free surface and moving interface were calculated simultaneously by the velocity and pressure fields. The effects of seven relevant parameters, i.e., inertia term, gravity term, dope flow rate, bore flow rate, dope viscosity, tensile force, end velocity and non‐Newtonian on the velocity and diameter profile were studied. On the basis of the simulated results, the inertia term in hollow fiber‐spinning process was safely neglected in low speed, while the effect of gravity was not be neglected. Besides, the outer diameter of the fibers increased with an increase of dope flow rate and bore flow rate; Large tensile force or large end velocity could cause large deformation in the air gap; larger viscous dope solution tended to make less deformation in the air gap. It was found that an increase of the dope flow rate at small dope flow rate resulted in an increase of the inner diameter, while at large dope flow rate, it decreased. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2067–2074, 2006     

In‐situ characterization of deposits in ceramic hollow fiber membranes by compressed sensing RARE‐MRI

Ultrafiltration with ceramic hollow fiber membranes was investigated by compressed sensing rapid acquisition relaxation enhancement (CS‐RARE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize filtration mechanisms. Sodium alginate was used as a model substance for extracellular polymeric substances. Dependent on the concentration of divalent ions like Ca²⁺ in an aqueous alginate solution, the characteristics of the filtration change from concentration polarization to a gel layer. The fouling inside the membrane lumen could be measured by MRI with a CS‐RARE pulse sequence. Contrast agents have been used to get an appropriate contrast between deposit and feed. The lumen was analyzed quantitatively by exploring the membrane's radial symmetry, and the resulting intensity could be modeled. Thus, different fouling mechanisms could be distinguished. CS‐RARE‐MRI was proven to be an appropriate in situ tool to quantitatively characterize the deposit formation during in‐out filtration processes. The results were underlined by flux interruption experiments and length dependent studies, which make it possible to differentiate between gel layer or cake filtration and concentration polarization filtration processes. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 64: 4039–4046, 2018     

Controlled mechanical and swelling properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate blend hydrogels prepared by freeze–thaw followed by Ca2+ crosslinking

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) blend hydrogels have immense potential for use as functional biomaterials. Understanding of influences of processing parameters and compositions on mechanical and swelling properties of PVA/SA blend hydrogels is very important. In this work, PVA/SA blend hydrogels with different SA contents were prepared by applying freeze–thaw method first to induce physical crosslinking of PVA chains and then followed by Ca²⁺ crosslinking SA chains to form interpenetrating networks of PVA and SA. The effects of number of freeze–thaw cycles, SA content and Ca²⁺ concentration on mechanical properties, swelling kinetics, and pH‐sensitivity of the blend hydrogels were investigated. The results showed that the blend hydrogels have porous sponge structure. Gel fraction, which is related to crosslink density of the blend hydrogels, increased with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles and strongly depended on SA content. The SA content exerts a significant effect on mechanical properties, swelling kinetics, and pH‐sensitivity of the blend hydrogels. The number of freeze–thaw cycles has marked impact on mechanical properties, but no obvious effect on the pH‐sensitivity of the PVA/SA blend hydrogels. Concentration of CaCl₂ aqueous solution also influences mechanical properties and pH‐sensitivity of the blend hydrogel. By altering composition and processing parameters such as freeze–thaw cycles and concentration of CaCl₂ aqueous solution, the mechanical properties and pH‐sensitivity of PVA/SA blend hydrogels can be tightly controlled. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Sorption,diffusion, and swelling characteristics of sodium alginate and its blend membranes with poly(vinyl alcohol) in water–acetic acid mixtures

Sorption, diffusion, and swelling characteristics of sodium alginate and its blend membranes with poly(vinyl alcohol) were investigated for water–acetic acid mixtures by using a gravimetric method at 30, 40, and 50°C. The membranes were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques. Concentration‐independent diffusion coefficients were obtained by applying Fick's relationship before completion of equilibrium sorption. Permeation coefficients were calculated from sorption and diffusion coefficients. Concentration profiles of liquids were computed considering the sheet geometry for the membrane by solving Fick's equation under suitable boundary conditions. Arrhenius activation parameters were computed for the transport processes. Experimental results and calculated quantities were discussed to understand membrane–solvent interactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1139–1150, 2004     

荷电中空纤维膜对肝素钠的分离特性

在紫外辐照下,引发聚砜（PSF）中空纤维膜与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）的表面化学接枝反应,制备得到荷负电型PSF-g-AMPS膜,研究了该荷电膜对肝素钠的分离浓缩特性。实验结果表明,紫外光引发膜接枝过程中辐照时间、接枝单体浓度、肝素钠溶液的pH值影响着膜的渗透通量及截留效果。在辐照时间为2 min、AMPS单体浓度为1%条件下得到的荷电膜在0.1MPa压力下对肝素钠具有最佳的截留效果。溶液pH=9的条件下,膜对肝素钠具有较高的截留率,而在pH=5条件下具有较高的渗透通量。荷负电膜与带阴离子基团肝素钠的静电排斥效应使得膜对肝素钠的截留率提高,而接枝链的亲水性使得膜的渗透通量得以提高。     

Preparation and characterization of several types of polyvinyl butyral hollow fiber membranes by thermally induced phase separation

Hollow fiber membranes were prepared by thermally induced phase separation from three types of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and a blend of two of these polymers. Although the difference in the chemical composition of the PVB polymers used was not remarkable, their respective membrane performances were quite different. With a high phase separation temperature the pore size of the prepared membrane was large, because structure growth occurred for a long time. Water permeability tests of the wet membranes showed the results that corresponded to the pore sizes of the membranes. By contrast, the results for the dried membrane appeared to be related to the hydrophilicity of the PVB polymer and independent of pore size in the wet condition. Although the membrane with high wettability had low mechanical strength, the membrane from the polymer blend of two different PVB polymers showed adequate wettability and mechanical strength. This produced a hollow fiber membrane with favorable characteristics for application in water treatment. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Modification and ionic stimulation of hollow fiber membrane by electric field for water treatment

Hollow fiber membrane (HF) is considered one of the prevalent materials for water treatment; its effectiveness is controlled by permeation and mechanical characteristics. In this study, HF membrane surface was stimulated using electrochemical technique, where binary system of stainless steel cylinder and graphite rod electrodes was used into electrolytic solution of sodium acetate 0.1 M as electrolyte. Two pH of acidic medium (pH = 3.5) and alkaline medium (pH = 8.5) were prepared and different potential between 2 and 10 V were applied. EDX analysis of HF membrane surface revealed the formation of sodium ions on the surface of HF membrane with maximum content of Na⁺ ions 1.84%. Also, HF membrane surface showed variation of roughness (R _a) as, HF membrane surface may undergo distortion by using aggressive conditions of high electric potential (7.5–10 V), The measured raw HF membrane (R _a) was 34.8 nm, while, after electrochemical modification in alkaline medium R _a showed higher values 36, 37, and 41 nm using 2, 2.5, and 5 V, respectively. While, after electrochemical modification in acidic medium (R _a) showed 35, 39, 42, 49, 52 nm for 2, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 V, respectively. Moreover, tensile strength Young's modulus, break stress and break strain were measured after electrochemical modification in both acidic and alkaline mediums and maximum porosity value 76.84% was observed after 30 min in acidic medium.