醋酸钙模板剂制备棉涤废料基介孔炭及其吸附水中四环素研究

以棉涤废料为炭前驱体,利用醋酸钙为模板剂,采用单因素法考察在不同热解温度、质量比和热解时间下制得的介孔炭对亚甲基蓝和四环素的吸附性能,从而筛选得到最佳制备工艺参数,同时利用氮气吸附−脱附曲线、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱进行物化性能分析,并研究其对水中四环素的吸附规律。结果表明,制备棉涤废料基介孔炭的最佳工艺参数为：...     

醋酸钙模板剂制备棉涤废料基介孔炭及其吸附水中四环素研究

以棉涤废料为炭前驱体,利用醋酸钙为模板剂,采用单因素法考察在不同热解温度、质量比和热解时间下制得的介孔炭对亚甲基蓝和四环素的吸附性能,从而筛选得到最佳制备工艺参数,同时利用氮气吸附?脱附曲线、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱进行物化性能分析,并研究其对水中四环素的吸附规律。结果表明,制备棉涤废料基介孔炭的最佳工艺参数为：热解温度为800 ℃、醋酸钙和棉涤废料质量比为1.5∶1、热解时间为1.5 h。醋酸钙模板剂成孔性能优异,制得的介孔炭总比表面积高达1 106.630 m2·g?1,介孔率达到62%,对水中四环素的吸附过程符合Langmuir模型,为自发吸附,最大吸附值为506.40 mg·g?1。     

石墨烯包封Na3V2(PO4)3用作钠离子电池负极材料的电化学性能探究

具有三维网络结构的NASICON型Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃材料,由于其稳定的电压平台,较高的理论容量(117 mA·h/g),被视为一种具有良好应用前景的钠离子电池负极材料。采用溶剂热和进一步热处理的方式,获得石墨烯包封Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃的复合材料[Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/G],有效提高了Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃的电子导电性。在0.01～3.00 V电压区间,0.2 C倍率进行测试时,Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃/G复合材料在230圈循环后,其放电比容量保持在100.9 mA·h/g,容量保持率高达68.4%,即使在5 C倍率,其放电比容量仍可达65.2 mA...     

基于正交试验制备废弃原棉活性炭及其吸附亚甲基蓝的研究

以废弃原棉(简称\"原棉\")为原料,采用FeCl_3/ZnCl_2混合物为活化剂制备活性炭,以活性炭得率和碘吸附值为试验指标,采用正交法考察了活化剂质量比、活化温度以及活化时间的影响,从而得到最优工艺参数:FeCl_3/ZnCl_2质量比为1∶1、活化温度为400℃以及活化时间为1 h。将最优样(AC-Fe/Zn)应用于吸附阳离子有机染料亚甲基蓝实验,结果表明:吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,最大吸附量为342.87 mg·g~(-1)。     

吸附式空调技术探讨

在能源供应日益紧张和对环境保护要求越发苛刻的今天,寻找一种低碳环保的制冷方式是暖通制冷研究人员的期望。吸附式制冷技术因为对环境零影响,适应于在低温热源下驱动,近些年在余热废热利用、太阳能制冷方面吸引了众多研究者的目光,对此方面的研究也取得了长足的进步。从制冷原理、应用领域以及目前发展的等几个方面,简单介绍了吸附式制冷领域的基本概况,并提出了自己的一些看法。     

Study on the electrochemical properties of cubic ordered mesoporous carbon for supercapacitors

Highly ordered, three-dimensional (3D) cubic mesoporous carbon CMK-8 is prepared by a facile nanocasting approach using cubic mesoporous silica KIT-6 as starting template. Afterwards, in order to increase the active sites of surface electrochemical reactions and promote the wettability in aqueous electrolyte, a chemical surface modification is carried out on the CMK-8 by nitric acid treatment. Two electrodes are prepared from the CMK-8 and the acid-modified CMK-8 (H-CMK-8) and used as the active materials for supercapacitors. The unique 3D mesoporous network combined with high specific surface area makes the nano-channel surfaces of the CMK-8 carbon favorable for charging the electric double-layer, resulting in that the CMK-8 and the H-CMK-8 electrodes both show well supercapacitive properties. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of the CMK-8 can be further improved by acid treatment, so that the H-CMK-8 exhibits the largest specific capacitance of 246 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.625 A g⁻¹ in 2 M KOH electrolyte. Also, the two carbon electrodes both exhibit good cycling stability and lifetime. Therefore, based on the above investigations, such CMK-8 carbon, especially H-CMK-8 carbon can be a potential candidate for supercapacitors.     

巯基功能化介孔硅的孔径调节及其吸附性能研究

叙述了以F127和CTMABr为模板剂,添加扩孔剂1,3,5三甲苯（TMB）经水热法合成不同孔径的巯基（-SH）修饰的新型介孔吸附剂。指出,以Cu＋2和Pb＋2为处理对象,根据不同孔径的介孔吸附剂对重金属离子的吸附性能,确定扩孔剂TMB投加量为TMB和表面活性剂摩尔比为1.5时,可得到重金属吸附的适用吸附剂的扩孔功能化硅基介孔材料,其BET孔径为6.554 nm,BET孔容为0.6134 cm3/g。     

Electrochemical capacitor performance of N-doped mesoporous carbons prepared by ammoxidation

The electrochemical double-layer capacitive properties of mesoporous carbon (MC) materials with a moderate amount of nitrogen functionality are reported. Ordered mesoporous carbon is prepared using mesoporous silica (MS) as a template and sucrose as a carbon source. Two types of N-doped MCs are prepared by ammoxidation performed at different stages of the MC preparation process—ammoxidation before (NC) and after (CN) carbonization. Irrespective of the ammoxidation sequence, N-doped MCs maintain mesoporous properties such as a high surface area with narrow pore-size distribution. However, the amounts and chemical states of incorporated nitrogen are highly dependent on the sequence of ammoxidation. In a cyclic voltammetry test, N-doped MCs, compared with MC, exhibit higher capacitance in addition to fast charge/discharge characteristics, which results from their mesoporosity and the pseudo-capacitive effect of incorporated nitrogen. In particular, the NC-type MCs show the best capacitive properties among the materials studied due to the large amount of pyridinic species that modifies the electron donor/acceptor properties of the surface and thereby results in an enhanced, fast and reversible faradaic redox reaction.     

形貌可控介孔W-SBA15的制备及染料吸附性能研究

以钨酸钠为钨源,丙三醇为助溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法一步合成了W-SBA15介孔分子筛,借助X射线衍射、氮气吸附脱附、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等表征手段分析了介孔材料的微观结构和孔隙结构。结果表明,制备的W-SBA15样品具有六方介孔结构,钨元素插入孔壁或形成三氧化钨微晶均匀分散在介孔孔道内。通过改变合成条件可以调控介孔材料的孔道长度。亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的吸附测试结果表明,掺杂钨元素后,短孔道的介孔材料对两种染料的吸附能力均有所增强,但其吸附阴离子染料亚甲基蓝的能力增强得更为明显,这可能主要和染料的分子尺寸有关。     

固体吸附式制冷在汽车空调应用中的探讨

分析了现有蒸汽压缩式汽车空调系统中存在的不足,指出固体吸附式制冷技术在汽车空调中应用的优越性,针对固体吸附式汽车空调实用化中的主要技术障碍是吸附床传热传质性能差的问题。提出了几种强化传热传质的有效方法。