基于移动最小二乘的传感器数据重构

纳米气体传感器的灵敏度易受温度变化的影响.为了有效改善纳米传感器的温度特性,方便确定其最佳工作条件,利用移动最小二乘法对其灵敏度-温度数据进行拟合,并建立相应的近似模型.移动最小二乘法通过紧支性加权的局部近似,使所建模型较常规最小二乘模型更精确、更光滑.实验证实了基于移动最小二乘拟合的近似性能.该方法在传感器数据精确重构领域具有良好的应用前景.     

基于多结点样条的自由曲线最小误差逼近及其应用

多结点样条函数具有良好的局部性,而最小二乘法对数据拟合的全局性较好, 因此多结点样条函数最小二乘逼近的稳定性及数值精度都能得到有效的保证。该文综合两者的特点,实现了自由曲线离散数据最小逼近误差数学模型的建立。同时应用此数学模型于一些平面及空间（甚至一些带噪音的）自由曲线拟合上和几何造型骨骼化上,测试其对各种自由曲线的拟合效果,结果证明最小逼近效果明显。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的机器人系统辨识

介绍了一种三层径向基函数神经网络,其学习算法采用正交最小二乘算法.首先根据正交最小二乘算法得到径向基函数神经网络的结构;然后对该网络的权值进行训练使它逼近给定的函数.为了验证径向基函数神经网络所具有的对任意非线性映射的任意逼近能力和自学习、自适应能力,以两关节机械手为辨识对象来进行实验研究.实验结果表明,该径向基函数神经网络具有良好的模型学习和逼近能力,并且学习速度快、收敛性好、鲁棒性强,尤其适合于具有连续线性与非线性对象的复杂系统的控制实时性要求.     

多尺度最小二乘小波支持向量机的回归建模

普通最小二乘支持向量机算法用于多尺度回归建模时精度较低。针对该问题,选取墨西哥草帽小波函数作为最小二乘支持向量机的核函数,设计一种基于小波核的多尺度最小二乘小波支持向量机。在此基础上,通过解二次优化问题求出多尺度回归建模问题的全局最优解,最终得出的多尺度回归模型能够有效地逼近多尺度信号。仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高的精度。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的函数拟合的研究

函数拟合通常要在有限的训练样本下对函数变量之间的关系做出预测,在实践中由于训练样本有限,并且训练样本本身存在噪音和孤立点,用传统的方法进行函数拟合的结果往往不能满足要求.本文主要利用最小二乘支持向量机对函数进行拟合.首先介绍了最小二乘支持向量机的工作原理,并对参数选择方法进行了研究,然后通过仿真实验对利用最小二乘支持向量机进行函数拟合的效果加以对比说明.     

基于三次样条插值的支持向量机研究

在传统支持向量机的分类求解算法中,严格凸的无约束最优化问题中单变量函数X+是不可微的,三次样条插值多项式光滑的支持向量机模型采用的是一种多项式光滑技术,使用三次样条插值二次多项式来逼近单变量函数O+,将原始非光滑的支持向量机模型转化为光滑模型,从而可以使用最常用的最优化的算法进行求解,给出了使用三次样条插值方法来光滑单变量函数的具体推导过程.使用UCI机器学习数据集中的数据,通过实验验证了该模型的有效性.     

三角函数曲线数据拟合最佳次数的确定

在实际问题中测得的实验数据有时需寻求简单函数逼近来分析,曲线拟合的最小二乘法在解决这类问题的数据处理和误差分析中应用非常广泛。为了便于说明这种方法的应用,根据最小二乘法原理,采用曲线拟合方法,运用Matlab仿真工具对三角函数实际特性曲线进行拟合,在分别采用3、5、7、9次多项式进行拟合实验的基础上,分析拟合实验效果,通过比较得出正弦函数特性曲线采用5次多项式拟合效果最佳,避免了人工处理数据的随意性,减小了误差。     

科氏流量计振动信号参数估计的最小二乘法

振动信号参数估计是科氏流量计振动控制和流量解算的基础。针对科氏流量计振动信号特征,基于最小二乘与函数逼近原理,提出一种适用于科氏流量计振动信号的参数估计方法。该方法利用FFT粗估计出信号频率,据此设定频率搜索区间,解最小二乘方程获得信号余弦幅度、正弦幅度和直流偏移,改变频率逐次逼近真值,使得误差平方和最小,最小误差平方和所对应参数即为参数估计值。仿真分析了估计精度和抗噪性能,对罗斯蒙特F200S型科氏流量计实测信号进行了参数分析与估计,结果表明了该方法估计的准确性和实用性。     

移动最小二乘法在多功能传感器数据重构中的应用

针对传统最小二乘法全局拟合的局限性, 将一种新型的数值算法---移动最小二乘法应用于非线性多功能传感器的信号重构. 通过详细研究插值函数的构造方法及性质, 合理地选取基函数和权函数, 求出试函数的系数, 进而得到信号的重构值. 详细分析了基函数维数、影响域节点数及权函数因子对计算结果的影响, 并对最小二乘法以及移动最小二乘法的重构数据进行了对比, 重构的相对误差分别小于 15.3 % 和 1.03 %, 结果表明移动最小二乘法更适合非线性曲面拟合, 且适当地增加基函数维数或影响域节点数可以进一步提高数据重构的精度.     

基于小波模糊网络的非线性函数逼近方法的研究

针对非线性函数逼近问题,提出了一种新的融合策略——小波模糊网络;该网络将模糊模型引入小波网络,采用正交最小二乘法筛选小波,利用推广卡尔曼滤波算法调整网络非线性参数,避免陷入局部最优,提高学习速度,并采用最小二乘法修正权值,在不增加小波基函数的基础上提高网络的逼近精度;通过仿真,该网络的准确性和泛化能力都优于传统的小波神经网络,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.