乙肝病毒感染孕妇维生素D营养状况与妊娠结局的关系研究

目的：探讨乙肝病毒感染孕妇维生素D营养状况变化，以及维生素D营养状况对产妇、新生儿妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取2019年8月—2022年10月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院产科定期产检及住院生产的150例诊断为患有乙肝感染的孕妇为研究对象，收集同期在本院就诊分娩的98例正常孕妇为对照组。抽取孕妇住院期间清晨空腹静脉血，观察并记录各维生素D营养状况组乙肝感染孕妇妊娠结局，比较对照组和乙肝感染组孕妇血清25(OH)D₃水平差异，以及乙肝感染孕妇不同维生素D营养状况组产妇和新生儿妊娠结局的差异。结果：乙肝感染组孕妇血清25(OH)D₃水平显著低于正常对照组孕妇[(24.63±2.36) vs (28.84±2.38)ng/mL,P<0.05],且乙肝感染组孕妇维生素D缺乏和不足发生率显著高于对照组[(127/150) vs (49/98),P<0.05]。乙肝感染孕妇中，随着维生素D营养状况的恶化，产妇妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压，以及新生儿发生早产和新生儿窒息发生率显著增高(P<0.05)。结论：乙肝病毒感染孕妇维生素D营养状况较差...     

早产儿维生素D营养状况及活性维生素D补充对骨代谢的影响

目的：分析早产儿维生素D营养状况,探索活性维生素D补充对早产儿骨代谢指标的影响。方法：收集我院2020年7月—2021年12月出生的80例28～37 w早产儿和80例同期出生的足月儿为研究对象,留取脐带血检测血清骨钙素(OC)、25-羟维生素D₃[25(OH)D₃]、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、钙和磷水平,80例早产儿予以维生素D补充,于出生28 d后复查血清25(OH)D₃、OC、ALP、钙和磷水平。分析早产儿维生素D营养状况,比较28 d后早产儿血清维生素D水平变化和骨代谢指标变化情况。结果：早产儿胎龄更短,剖宫产比例更高,且婴儿体重、身高、头围更小。早产儿血清25(OH)D₃平均水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且早产儿维生素D缺乏率也显著高于正常新生儿(32/80 vs 12/80,P<0.05)。活性维生素D补充可显著提高早产儿血清25(OH)D₃、OC及ALP。结论：早产儿体格发育不良,维生素D缺乏率较高,活性维生素D补充可改善骨代谢指标,进而促进早产儿骨骼...     

妊娠早期血清钙及维生素D水平与妊娠期高血压疾病的关系研究

目的：探究孕早期血清钙(Ca)及25-羟维生素D [25-(OH)D]水平与妊娠期高血压疾病(HDCP)的关系。方法：回顾性收集2018年1月—2021年12月在我院就诊的44例妊娠20周后诊断为妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇和36例正常妊娠孕妇为研究对象。收集患者一般情况信息及妊娠早期血清25-(OH)D、Ca及Hcy水平数据,比较2组孕妇血清Ca、25-(OH)D及Hcy水平差异,以及随着妊娠期高血压疾病严重程度的变化。结果：妊娠正常组孕妇妊娠早期血清Ca、25-(OH)D水平显著高于妊娠异常组,且随着疾病严重程度的加重,血清Ca、25-(OH)D水平逐渐下降。而妊娠正常组孕妇妊娠早期血清Hcy水平显著低于妊娠异常组,且随着疾病严重程度的加重,Hcy水平逐渐上升(P<0.05)。年龄>30岁、BMI≥24 kg/m²、血清Ca及25-(OH)D过低,以及血清Hcy水平过高是HDCP的危险因素。结论：孕早期血清Ca及25-(OH)D过低、Hcy水平过高与HDCP的密切相关,年龄、BMI以及Hcy是HDCP的危险因素,而Ca和25-(OH)D是HDCP的保护因素...     

糖尿病患者维生素D的膳食摄入状况调查

目的：了解我国糖尿病患者群体维生素D的膳食摄入状况,为维生素D缺乏的防治提供依据。方法：收集2014年8月—2014年11月的糖尿病住院患者和门诊患者,收集患者年龄、性别、身高、体重、伴有基础疾病等基本资料,按年龄分成人组（26~64周岁）和老年人组（〉65周岁）。采用24h膳食回顾法调查就诊前一天的膳食情况,参考美国农业部发布的食物成分表,计算出膳食总能量和维生素D的摄入量。同时采用简化食物频率法调查过去1个月内患者高维生素D食物的进食频率,同时调查含维生素D膳食补充剂或功能性食品的摄入。结果：糖尿病患者机体维生素D的缺乏普遍存在,且更加严重,成人组和老年人组血清维生素D水平分别为40.9±11.4、36.2±15.5nmol/L。由于营养治疗限制了富维生素D食物的应用,糖尿病患者维生素D的总摄入（271.7±91.3、332.6±111.3U）明显低于同龄正常人每日推荐量（400、600U）,这对糖尿病维生素D缺乏的防治提出了挑战。结论：糖尿病患者维生素D摄入明显不足,体内维生素D普遍缺乏,为防治维生素D缺乏,除户外活动动外可能需要膳食补充剂或强化食品额外补充。     

维生素D对儿童特异性皮炎的影响分析

目的：探讨维生素D对儿童特异性皮炎的影响。方法：前瞻性选取2021年1月—2023年12月在本院收治的儿童特异性皮炎30例作为研究对象纳入观察组,同时期选取本院体检的健康体检者45名作为对照组,比较两组维生素D水平及分布情况,观察组进一步根据疾病严重程度分为轻度组、中度组、重度组,以及患儿治疗前后维生素D水平。结果：观察组血清维生素D水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,观察组血清维生素D水平不足和缺乏占比均更高于对照组（P<0.05）;3组SCOR特异性皮炎评分比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,缺乏组患者SCOR特异性皮炎评分明显高于其他2组（P<0.05）,且不足组SCOR特异性皮炎评分又高于正常组（P<0.05）;3组维生素D水平比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,重度组患者维生素D水平低于其他2组（P<0.05）,且不足组维生素D水平又低于轻度组（P<0.05）;观察组患儿治疗后维生素D、SCOR特异性皮炎评分均高于治疗前（P<0.05）。结论：维生素D水平不足和缺乏与儿童特异性皮炎的发生有关,维生素D的补充可以改善患儿的疾...     

孕妇缺维生素D，孩子易发生蛀牙

一项新的研究显示，如果孕妇的维生素D水平过低，所生孩子出现蛀牙或缺乏珐琅质的风险较高。     

维生素D营养状况与儿童支气管肺炎发生及转归的关系研究

目的：探讨维生素D营养状况与儿童支气管肺炎发生及临床转归的关系。方法：收集2020年9月—2022年10月在我院儿科收治的123例支气管肺炎患儿和同期154例健康体检健康儿童为研究对象。收集两组儿童一般情况、身高、体重等信息，检测两组儿童血清25(OH)D₃水平，收集支气管肺炎患儿的临床转归情况。采用Spearson相关分析维生素D营养状况与支气管肺炎发生及临床转归的相关性，维生素D营养状况对支气管肺炎发生的影响采用多元Logistic回归分析。结果：支气管肺炎组患儿血清25(OH)D₃水平显著低于正常组儿童[(18.36±2.42)vs(20.92±2.65)] ng/mL，且维生素D不足/缺乏发生率高于正常组组[(45/78) vs(24/130),P<0.05]，且血清25(OH)D₃水平与支气管肺炎的发生呈显著负相关(r=-0.603, P<0.05)。户外活动时间≥2h及维生素D补充是发生支气管肺炎的保护因素(OR<1, P<0.05)，而维生素D不足/缺乏是支气管肺炎的危险因素(OR&...     

过量维生素D对细胞代谢的影响及器官损伤的研究进展

作为人体必需的一类脂溶性维生素,维生素D经常用于强化食品和药物,用于营养素补充和骨质疏松等疾病的辅助治疗,但由于对补充剂量的控制不当和维生素D产品的监管不足,维生素D高剂量摄入所引起的中毒案例也随之增多,维生素D的安全性研究受到了越来越多的关注。本文整理和分析了维生素D安全性研究的相关文献和报道,发现高剂量维生素D在细胞水平及对骨骼、肝脏、肾脏等组织和器官均存在一定的损害和毒性作用,能够抑制细胞增殖,对氨基酸代谢、糖代谢、脂质代谢等代谢途径造成影响,甚至诱发高钙血症、高磷血症、动脉粥样硬化、组织钙化等疾病。因此,维生素D的补充剂量应得到合理的控制和管理,对其毒性机制的研究也应得到更多的关注。     

维生素D对维生素D缺乏的2型糖尿病患者的影响研究

目的：探讨维生素D补充对维生素D缺乏的2型糖尿病患者骨代谢及糖脂代谢等指标的影响以及作用机制。方法：选择2022年1月—2022年12月住院接受治疗的80例维生素D缺乏的2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象，随机分为对照组和观察组(维生素D补充)。2组患者间性别、年龄、糖尿病病程、BMI、收缩压及舒张压无差异，具有可比性。2组患者均采用常规治疗控制、健康教育控制血糖，借助随访平台动态调整治疗方案，观察组患者在此基础上给予口服维生素D软胶囊，每日1次，每次1粒，连续观察3个月。观察治疗前后患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(PBG)、血清C肽、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、25羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、骨钙素(OC)和甲状旁腺激素(PTH)水平的变化。结果：2组患者治疗前FBG、PBG、HbAlc和血清C肽均无差异，治疗后观察组FBG、HbAlc、PBG水平均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗前TG、TC、LDL-C和HDL-C均无差异，治疗后观察组TG、TC水平显著降低、HDL-C水平显著升高，...     

维生素B12的研究进展

本文对维生素B12的吸收与代谢、缺乏原因及疾病、营养水平鉴定、人群维生素B12营养状况、食物强化的研究进展进行了综述,以期提高对维生素B12的认识和重视、为解决维生素B12缺乏人群的健康问题提供参考。     

VD强化及其稳定性研究进展

近年来,国内外VD缺乏的现象越来越受到人们的重视。本文对目前VD的补充、强化、强化载体以及在强化载体中的稳定性方面的研究进展作一综述,以期为加强我国VD强化食品研发力度和增加VD的有效摄入量提供一定的参考。     

维生素A抗氧化作用研究进展

近年研究发现,组织细胞结构损害、糖尿病及其并发症发生、几种心脏病发展、获得性免疫缺陷性疾病(AIDS)进展均与自由基诱导氧化损害有关。维生素A具有抗氧化和清除自由基功能;维生素A 缺乏将加重这些现象,且将导致肠道粘膜和免疫系统损害,增加易被细菌感染机会;而补充维生素A将有助于减轻以上现象。     

Is vitamin D-fortified yogurt a value-added strategy for improving human health? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Yogurt is a good source of probiotics, calcium, and proteins, but its content of vitamin D is low. Therefore, yogurt could be a good choice for vitamin D fortification to improve the positive health outcomes associated with its consumption. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of vitamin D-fortified yogurt compared with plain yogurt on levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD). The secondary aim was to evaluate the effect of fortified yogurt on parathyroid hormone, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for eligible studies; that is, randomized controlled trials (RCT) that compared vitamin D-fortified yogurt with control treatment without any additional supplement. Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals. Findings from 9 RCT (n = 665 participants) that lasted from 8 to 16 wk are summarized in this review. The meta-analyzed mean differences for random effects showed that vitamin D-fortified yogurt (from 400 to 2,000 IU) increased serum 25OHD by 31.00 nmol/L. In addition, vitamin D-fortified yogurt decreased parathyroid hormone by 15.47 ng/L, body weight by 0.92 kg, waist circumference by 2.01 cm, HOMA-IR by 2.18 mass units, fasting serum glucose by 22.54 mg/dL, total cholesterol by 13.38 mg/dL, and triglycerides by 30.12 mg/dL compared with the controlled treatments. No publication bias was identified. Considerable between-study heterogeneity was observed for most outcomes. Vitamin D-fortified yogurt may be beneficial in improving serum 25OHD, lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and anthropometric parameters and decreasing parathyroid hormone level in pregnant women and adult and elderly subjects with or without diabetes, prediabetes, or metabolic syndrome.     

Vitamin D and its impact on maternal-fetal outcomes in pregnancy: A critical review

The role of vitamin D beyond its classical function in calcium homeostasis has been of significant interest in recent years. There has been expanding research on the pleiotropic role of vitamin D in pregnancy and the implications of its deficiency on maternal-fetal outcomes. Several studies have associated low maternal vitamin D status to adverse outcomes in pregnancy, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, preterm births, low birth weight, and others. Several randomized controlled clinical trials of Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy have also been conducted. Though some of the studies found improvement in pregnancy outcomes with vitamin D supplementation, others have not shown any association. In this article, we have critically reviewed the observational and interventional studies, published primarily within the past two years (January 2014 to February 2016) on the influence of vitamin D deficiency on pregnancy and the impact of its supplementation. The potential underlying mechanisms of vitamin D in regulating each of the outcomes have also been discussed.     

A Quarter of a Century of Progress to Prevent Vitamin A Deficiency Through Supplementation

A quarter of century has passed since FRI published its first comprehensive review on vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and its prevention. At the time, the major impetus to prevent VAD was to reduce xerophthalmia in preschool children. Today, we have a broader understanding of the public health implications of VAD, with disorders including xerophthalmia, mortality, severe infection, and anemia in preschool children and pregnant women. While deficiency affects most developing countries, nearly half of all deficient children and women live in Southern Asia. Prevention has made substantial strides. High potency vitamin A supplementation (with 200,000 IU) remains a prophylactic mainstay, delivered through fixed facilities, enhanced outreach activities, and national child health day campaigns twice annually. Surprisingly, the costs of semi-annual delivery of vitamin A have changed little over the years, with new cost estimates remaining comparable to earlier figures of US ～$0.50 per child per year. Emerging is the potential to reduce infant mortality by ～20% in Southern Asia by giving a single, oral, 50,000 IU dose of vitamin A to newborns. While ～500 million vitamin A capsules are routinely distributed worldwide each year to achieve effective control, progress has been slower with efforts to improve diet on a purposeful global public health scale. Future advances through effective dietary diversification and various means of food fortification will be required before periodic supplementation can be phased down as a major population strategy for controlling vitamin A deficiency.     

Vitamin A: Deficiency and Food-Based Combating Strategies in Pakistan and Other Developing Countries

Vitamin A deficiency is a world wide nutritional problem especially in the developing countries that afflicts severely the health of pregnant and lactating women, infants and children. Women are the most vulnerable group affected by vitamin A deficiency during their pregnancy and lactating periods. Different strategies like food diversification, fortification, and supplementation are helpful to cope with vitamin A deficiency. Food fortification is the most cost effective, long-term approach, while supplementation is considered to be the fastidious way to uplift vitamin A status. Generally Retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate are used in different food products as fortificants against the Vitamin A menace. In addition to these food-based strategies, educating the people regarding health and nutrition can also play an effective role.     

Vitamin A: Deficiency and Food-Based Combating Strategies in Pakistan and Other Developing Countries

Vitamin A deficiency is a world wide nutritional problem especially in the developing countries that afflicts severely the health of pregnant and lactating women, infants and children. Women are the most vulnerable group affected by vitamin A deficiency during their pregnancy and lactating periods. Different strategies like food diversification, fortification, and supplementation are helpful to cope with vitamin A deficiency. Food fortification is the most cost effective, long-term approach, while supplementation is considered to be the fastidious way to uplift vitamin A status. Generally Retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate are used in different food products as fortificants against the Vitamin A menace. In addition to these food-based strategies, educating the people regarding health and nutrition can also play an effective role.     

生物-化学法合成维生素D的研究进展

维生素D是一种脂溶性类固醇激素,在平衡新陈代谢、维持机体健康等方面具有不可忽视的作用。传统的工业生产方法已无法满足日益增长的市场需求,而基于合成生物学方法改造细胞合成前体甾醇,再通过半化学法合成维生素D则是解决当前供需矛盾的有效手段之一。文章对生物-化学法合成维生素D的研究进展进行了概述,着重介绍了动态调控、亚细胞工程、定向进化等代谢工程技术在生物合成关键前体甾醇上的应用,并对今后工业化合成维生素D的研究方向进行了思考与展望。     

Vitamin A fortification: Recent advances in encapsulation technologies

Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient whose deficiency is still a major health concern in many regions of the world. It plays an essential role in human growth and development, immunity, and vision, but may also help prevent several other chronic diseases. The total amount of vitamin A in the human diet often falls below the recommended dietary allowance of approximately 900–1000 $\mu$g/day for a healthy adult. Moreover, a significant proportion of vitamin A may be degraded during food processing, storage, and distribution, thereby reducing its bioactivity. Finally, the vitamin A in some foods has a relatively low bioavailability, which further reduces its efficacy. The World Health Organization has recommended fortification of foods and beverages as a safe and cost-effective means of addressing vitamin A deficiency. However, there are several factors that must be overcome before effective fortified foods can be developed, including the low solubility, chemical stability, and bioavailability of this oil-soluble vitamin. Consequently, strategies are required to evenly disperse the vitamin throughout food matrices, to inhibit its chemical degradation, to avoid any adverse interactions with any other food components, to ensure the food is palatable, and to increase its bioavailability. In this review article, we discuss the chemical, physical, and nutritional attributes of vitamin A, its main dietary sources, the factors contributing to its current deficiency, and various strategies to address these deficiencies, including diet diversification, biofortification, and food fortification.