4种烟剂对空仓储粮害虫成虫的药效试验

针对目前用于防治储粮害虫的空仓杀虫剂杀虫效果差,施用操作麻烦,杀虫剂对操作人员身体危害大等问题,在空仓环境内,进行了残杀威、敌百虫、溴氰菊酯及高效氯氰菊酯4种烟剂对谷蠹、米象、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、锯谷盗和嗜卷书虱等6种储粮害虫成虫的防治效果测试。结果表明,2.5%溴氰菊酯烟剂杀虫效果最好,100%杀死试虫;2%高效氯氰菊酯烟剂杀虫效果次之,试虫死亡率在99.3%以上;20%残杀威的触杀效果较溴氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯差一些,赤拟谷盗试虫死亡率85%以上;30%敌百虫烟剂的触杀作用较差,谷蠹和锈赤扁谷盗试虫的死亡率在85%以上。     

黄色花蝽对几种3龄储藏物害虫捕食功能反应及捕食偏好性研究

为保证国家粮食安全,寻找有效的储粮害虫生物防治的方法,本文研究了黄色花蝽Xylocoris flavipes Reuter雌成虫对3龄的赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Herbst、锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus Stephens、锯谷盗Oryzaephilus surinamensis Linnaeus、嗜卷书虱Li poscelis bostrychophila Badonnel的防控能力,在室内条件下研究了黄色花蝽对以上几种储粮害虫的3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应方程,以及对以上储粮害虫寻找效应、种内干扰反应和对不同猎物的捕食偏好。结果表明:黄色花蝽雌成虫对3龄的赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、锯谷盗、嗜卷书虱的捕食功能反应方程均符合HollingⅡ圆盘方程。根据方程拟合发现黄色花蝽对3龄嗜卷书虱日捕食量最大,最大为44.6头/d。黄色花蝽对各种害虫的寻找效应均随着猎物密度的增大而减小。当猎物的密度达到一定数量后,随着黄色花蝽数量的增多,捕食猎物的平均捕食率随之下降。通过比较黄色花蝽对不同害虫的捕食偏好性Cain指数,结果表明黄色花蝽更偏好捕食锯谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗。     

空仓内干法喷施食品级惰性粉杀虫效果评价

针对目前用于防治储粮害虫的空仓杀虫剂效果差,易增加储粮害虫的抗药性,对操作人员身体危害大等问题,在空仓环境内进行了国内自行研制移动式喷粉机干法喷施食品级惰性粉对谷蠹、玉米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗等5种储粮害虫成虫的防治效果测试。结果表明,喷粉机施药效果好,药剂形成尘雾分散均匀,在仓房各个方位无明显差异,形成的药膜可在3天内100%杀死供试的储粮害虫成虫。     

一种基于聚类特征的Faster R-CNN粮仓害虫检测方法

本文基于Faster R-CNN模型提出复杂背景下粮仓害虫的检测识别方法。将六种常见的储粮害虫(豆象、谷蠹、米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗)分别以大米、小米为背景,建立了真实背景下粮仓害虫图像数据集SGI-6。SGI-6中包括网络获取图像、显微镜采集图像和单反拍摄图像三种多目标尺度的数据集。根据粮仓害虫的小目标特性,使用聚类算法改进Faster R-CNN模型的区域提案网络,来提取这些图像中含有害虫的区域,并对这些区域中的害虫进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法能够在储粮条件下检测和识别粮仓害虫,且其平均准确率(mAP)达到96.63%。     

磷化氢对六种甲虫的抗性品系和敏感品系的发育未成熟的毒力与防治关系

<正> 试验用谷象、米象、谷蠹、锈赤扁谷盗、锯谷盗和赤拟谷盗6个品种甲虫的13个品系(有的叫小种)的各个发育期,在15℃和25℃温度下,置于密闭的熏蒸箱内熏蒸。其中已知7个品系的成虫对磷化氢抗性。结果发现除抗品系的成虫具有抗性外,其发育未成熟期即卵、幼虫、和蛹也具有抗性,在抗性品系甲虫的整个生活史中,抗性最大的是蛹。锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的敏感品系各发育期,在15℃和25℃温度下,密闭4天,可以控制,虽然其中后两者在15℃时的磷化氢剂量要高达2克/米~3,但相     

不同大米包装材料防害虫钻蛀性研究

在28℃、75%±5%相对湿度条件下,进行四种储粮害虫赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹、米象对七种常见大米包装材料的钻蛀能力的研究。结果表明,双面覆膜打孔包装与单面覆膜打孔包装抗虫性差,对不同虫态的四种储粮害虫均无防御作用。双面覆膜不打孔包装、双面覆膜带内衬包装、真空包装和充气包装能够防御四种害虫钻蛀。     

储藏小麦粉中害虫发生与温湿度变化的关系研究

研究了不同初始虫口密度(0、2、15头/kg小麦粉)的不同储粮害虫(锈赤扁谷盗成虫、赤拟谷盗成虫、赤拟谷盗成虫与锈赤扁谷盗成虫混合)发生对储藏小麦粉温度及环境湿度变化的影响.结果表明,在全部实验观察期间,随着实验时间延长,害虫为害引起小麦粉温度升高,初始感染害虫虫口密度越高小麦粉温度也越高;不同起始虫口密度的不同虫种害...     

蛇床子素粉剂对5种储粮害虫生物活性研究

蛇床子素粉剂对5种主要储粮害虫的生物活性研究结果表明:蛇床子素粉剂具有很好的防治效果,在最高剂量1.6 mg/kg下,对这5种害虫的校正死亡率达98.00%以上,所需处理时间从2～15 d不等.对玉米象、长角扁谷盗、锯谷盗成虫处理2 d后,校正死亡率分别为98.89%、100.00%、98.84%,致死中量LD50分别为0.19、0.20、0.26 mg/kg;对谷蠹、赤拟谷盗成虫处理15 d后,校正死亡率均为100.00%,致死中量LD50分别为0.03、0.23 mg/kg.蛇床子素粉剂1.6 mg/kg剂量对玉米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗和锯谷盗成虫的防治效果好于商业防护剂谷虫净(1 000 mg/kg)和防虫磷(10 mg/kg);对长角扁谷盗成虫的防治效果好于谷虫净,与防虫磷防治效果间没有显著差异性.     

基于深度学习的粘虫板储粮害虫图像检测算法的研究

本文提出了一种基于深度学习的粘虫板储粮害虫图像检测算法,实现了放置在粮仓表面粘虫板诱捕的六大类害虫（米象/玉米象、谷蠹、扁谷盗、锯谷盗、拟谷盗、烟草甲）的定位和识别。考虑粘虫板图像的背景复杂、害虫体积较小、姿态多样的特点,改进了SSD的目标框回归策略、损失函数和特征提取网络结构,测试结果表明本文提出的算法可有效检测粘虫板上的害虫,检测平均正确率(mAP)可以达到81.36%。改进后的SSD算法部署在储粮害虫监测系统中,目前已在全国十一个粮库进行实验测试。     

食物引诱剂对储粮害虫最佳引诱条件的研究

食物引诱剂具有诱虫谱广,原料来源丰富、价格低等优点,它们不仅能吸引各种储粮害虫两性成虫,而且能吸引其幼虫.研究食物引诱剂对储粮害虫的最佳引诱条件不仅可以为食物引诱剂的开发利用提供理论基础,而且还将食物引诱剂和害虫信息素联合使用,增强信息素引诱害虫的效果.本研究在实验室内比较了碎麦、麦胚、燕麦片、碎花生、花生油、葵花子油、玉米油对赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹、书虱的引诱活性.结果表明碎麦、麦胚对5种害虫都有显著的引诱作用,燕麦片对锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹有明显的引诱活性,而精练葵花籽油对多数害虫呈负趋性.碎麦诱捕器在不同虫口密度下诱捕效果明显不同.诱捕器的4个摆放位置对诱捕赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、玉米象、谷蠹、书虱的影响差异显著,并呈一致变化,诱捕顺序为：西南＞东南＞西北＞东北,多重比较显示其中东南方位与西北方位差别不显著,其它方位差异显著.     

The toxicity of phosphine to all developmental stages of thirteen species of stored product beetles

The toxicity of phosphine to all stages of 13 species of stored product beetles was determined using large numbers of test insects which made possible more accurate assessments of mortality. Species tested were Acanthoscelides obtectus, Caryedon serratus, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, C. pusillus, Lasioderma serricorne, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Ptinus tectus, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, S. oryzae, S. zeamais, Tribolium castaneum and Trogoderma granarium. Tests were conducted as appropriate at 10, 15, 25 and 30°C, all at 70% r.h., with concentrations ranging from 0.013 to 2.96 mg/l and exposure times from 1 to 16 days. Sitophilus spp. proved the most tolerant, and in all species other than T. granarium, in which diapausing larvae were the more tolerant in longer exposures, eggs and pupae were the most tolerant stages. Phosphine was most effective at the higher temperatures, whilst long exposures at low concentrations were far more effective than short exposures at high concentrations. The use of phosphine to control these species of stored-product insects will only be effective at 15°C or below if long exposures can be guaranteed.     

Hemp (Cannabis sativa) seed for reproduction of stored-product insects

Hemp, or industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa), is a high value alternative crop that has seen increases in production in Canada since commercial production was legalized in 1998. Insect infestation of stored hemp seed may result in loss of quality and value. There are few published studies on the ability of insects to survive and reproduce on hemp seed. Reproduction of eleven stored-product insects on hemp seed at different moisture contents with, or without dockage, was studied. Insects were introduced into 15 g of hemp seed at two initial moisture contents (dry, 9% m.c. or damp, 15% m.c.), two dockage levels (dockage-free or dockage, 15%), and held at 30°C and 60–70% r.h. Five replicates of each treatment for each species were used. For beetles, twenty unsexed adults were used, for Ephestia kuehniella (Mediterranean flour moth), twenty eggs were used. For the beetles, live and dead adults were counted after 3, 5, 7 and 9 weeks, for the moth, adults were counted after 12.5 weeks. After counting, only live adults were returned to the hemp seed. The following beetle populations increased over the 9 weeks; Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle), Lasioderma serricorne (cigarette beetle), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (sawtoothed grain beetle) and Trogoderma variabile (warehouse beetle). The following species did not increase their populations; Cryptolestes ferrugineus (rusty grain beetle), Rhyzopertha dominica (lesser grain borer), Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil), Cryptolestes turcicus (flour mill beetle), Tribolium confusum (confused flour beetle), and Stegobium paniceum (drugstore beetle). For the beetles, higher dockage generally led to higher populations. The effect of moisture content was variable. Ephestia kuehniella produced adults on all treatments, with the dry treatment containing dockage performing the best.     

三种植物精油对四种主要储粮害虫的生物活性研究

采用索氏提取法,以乙醚作为提取溶剂提取柑桔皮、臭椿树皮、辣椒粉的植物精油,研究了其对米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、小眼书虱的控制作用.结果表明：臭椿皮精油和辣椒精油对4种储粮害虫均有较强的驱避作用,柑桔皮精油对小眼书虱若虫有极为显著的引诱作用.3种植物精油对米象成虫具有较强的触杀活性,对锯谷盗成虫具有较强的熏蒸活性;对锯谷盗成虫的当代种群抑制率都达到了100%,对米象成虫的当代种群抑制作用也较强.     

光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对储粮害虫的防治效果研究

在实验室条件下，采用光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对常见储粮害虫米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗和绿豆象的杀灭效果、驱避效果和子代抑制效果进行了研究。结果表明：光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对供试的几种害虫的成虫有显著的驱避效果，驱避率为米象60．9％～75．1％，谷蠹25．8％～77．8％，赤拟谷盗78．0％～84．6％，绿豆象35．7％～37．5％；对绿豆象的子代抑制效果显著，其平均抑制率为80．9％。光触媒聚乙烯薄膜对供试成虫的致死效果不显著。     

Insecticidal effect of thiamethoxam against seven stored-product beetle species

Bioassays were carried out in order to assess the insecticidal value of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam in different concentrations against seven important beetle species that are major pests of stored grains. These species were Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Sitophilus granarius (L.), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens). Adults of these species were exposed to grains treated with thiamethoxam at dose rates of 0 (control), 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5 or 10 ppm. Our results indicate that with the increase of the insecticide concentration, there was also an increased adult mortality and a reduction in progeny production. To illustrate the relative sensitivity to thiamethoxam of the seven insects, starting with the most susceptible, we can classify them as P. truncatus > R. dominica = S. granarius = S. oryzae > T. confusum = O. surinamensis > C. ferrugineus. The findings of the present research show that thiamethoxam can be recommended for its efficacy at a rate of 10 ppm and duration of 14 days that could be used to control all insects and their progeny.     

Prediction of insect mortality in cooled stored grain

Grain aeration with ambient air is the primary method used in France to prevent and control insect infestations. French grain storage operators consider that complete total mortality of insects can be achieved by maintaining grain temperature at 5 °C for 3 months. A predictive model on insect survival at low temperature was developed, using data from literature to test this hypothesis on Sitophilus oryzae, Sitophilus granarius, Rhyzopertha dominica, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Tribolium castaneum and Tribolium confusum. A Cox proportional hazard regression, belonging to survival analysis, was associated to a Receiver Operator Analysis to evaluate the model and to predict durations of cold exposure required to obtain a total mortality for each species at different developmental stages and temperatures. The model described well the data since occurrence or not of a total mortality was correctly described in 77.2% of all cases. Computed predictions highlighted the facts that species cold-tolerance ranking varied depending on the temperature levels and that difference of cold tolerance between adult and immature stages depended greatly on species. A temperature of 0 °C is sufficient to kill all insect populations within 3 months, except Cryptolestes ferrugineus ones. However, a temperature of 5 °C is highly insufficient to achieve a total mortality. Practical implementations of this work are discussed.     

Using five sampling methods to measure insect distribution and abundance in bins storing wheat

Newly-harvested wheat stored in each of two bins on each of two farms in Kansas during each of 3 years was sampled every 3-4 days at two locations (in the center and midway between the center and bin wall) within each bin. The variation in insect numbers between bins, locations within a bin, farms and years differed with insect species and sampling method. Five sampling methods were used to monitor insect populations in three regions of each bin: (1) in the head space above the grain; (2) on the grain surface; and (3) within the top 50 cm of the grain mass. Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) and Ahasverus advena (Waltl) were more evenly distributed among these three regions of a bin than the other species. Typhaea stercorea (L.) were found mainly in the head space and on the grain surface. These distribution patterns were consistent throughout the 126-day storage period. R. dominica (F.) were found in the head space and within the grain mass early in the storage period, and mainly in the grain mass as grain cooled in the autumn. The majority of Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (91%) were caught in sticky traps in the head space. Two of the three less abundant species, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), tended to be found most often on the grain surface and the other, Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.), within the grain mass. The sampling method often influenced the results. Emergence traps captured greater numbers of A. advena than other species. More R. dominica were found in grain samples than in traps in the autumn. Pushing probe traps below the surface of the grain reduced the numbers of T. stercorea, A. advena, S. oryzae and T. castaneum captured. Differences between species and times during the storage period in the effectiveness of different sampling methods need to be considered in making pest management decisions.     

不同温度下气调剂对常见储粮害虫控制效果研究

气调剂通过消耗有限空间内的氧气,对空间害虫有很好的控制效果。为了解不同温度下,气调剂对常见储粮害虫的杀灭效果,本文针对5种常见储粮害虫,研究了在20℃、25℃和30℃温度条件下,100 g气调剂在24 000 cm3密闭空间内对每种害虫死亡率与时间的关系,结果表明：在24 000 cm3密闭空间内,100 g气调剂3天可使氧体积分数降至0.5%以下,且能维持氧体积分数≤0.5%,降氧迅速。随着温度的降低,相同时间下同种害虫的死亡率降低,其中,谷蠹和玉米象低温条件时LT99值明显增大,表明两种蛀食性害虫对低氧和低温耐受能力较强。同一温度条件下,不同害虫对气调剂低氧环境下耐受力不同,玉米象耐受力最大,锯谷盗最低,5种害虫的低氧耐受力为: 玉米象＞谷蠹＞长角扁谷盗＞赤拟谷盗＞锯谷盗。本研究为气调剂在储粮害虫防控上的应用研究提供基础数据指导。