介孔CuO/SiO2用于汽油氧化-吸附脱硫

 利用[(C₁₆H₃₃) N(CH₃)₃]₃-[PW₁₂O₄₀]双亲催化剂与H₂O₂组成的催化氧化体系对汽油进行氧化后,以介孔SiO₂为载体等体积浸渍法制备的介孔CuO/SiO₂为吸附剂,采用固定床连续流动式吸附脱硫评价装置,考察了CuO/SiO₂的CuO负载量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间和吸附温度对汽油脱硫率的影响,并对介孔CuO/ SiO₂吸附剂性质进行了XRD表征。结果表明,采用在焙烧温度为400℃、焙烧时间为2.0 h、CuO负载量为2%制备的CuO/SiO₂, 在吸附温度为120℃时,汽油氧化-脱硫的脱硫效果较好,汽油脱硫率可达56.82%。     

ZrO2对Cu/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂糠醛选择加氢活性的影响

 采用共沉淀法制备了Al₂O₃-ZrO₂复合氧化物,并以它为载体,浸渍法制备Cu 质量分数为24%的负载型Cu 基催化剂。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、X射线能谱(XPS)对载体和催化剂进行表征,并考察了ZrO₂对Cu/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂催化剂糠醛选择加氢活性的影响。结果表明,载体中ZrO₂质量分数20%的Cu/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂催化剂对糠醛的选择加氢活性最高。与Cu/Al₂O₃催化剂相比,添加ZrO₂可以提高Cu/Al₂O₃-ZrO₂催化剂加氢活性,并有效提高较高反应温度下的糠醇选择性。     

MoO3/Al2O3介孔催化剂在柴油氧化脱硫中的应用

 通过溶胶-凝胶法,以硝酸铝为铝源、蔗糖为模板剂、氨水为沉淀剂,制备了介孔 Al₂O₃,并以其为载体,等体积浸渍法制备了MoO₃/Al₂O₃介孔催化剂。采用 N₂吸附-脱附及X射线衍射对介孔 Al₂O₃和 MoO₃/Al₂O₃催化剂进行了表征。将 MoO₃/Al₂O₃催化剂用于柴油催化氧化脱硫,以 H₂O₂为氧化剂,探讨了 MoO₃负载量以及 H₂O₂用量对其催化柴油氧化脱硫的影响。结果表明,自制的 Al₂O₃载体为具有介孔结构的 γ-Al₂O₃,其比表面积、孔容、平均孔径分别为304.3 m²/g、 0.467 cm³/g 和6.14 nm。MoO₃负载量为20%(质量分数)、H₂O₂与柴油中硫的摩尔比为12、氧化温度为60℃时,柴油的氧化脱硫效果较佳,脱硫率为68.4%。     

超声波辐照浸渍法制备MnO2/γ-A12O3催化剂及其柴油催化氧化脱硫性能

 分别采用超声波辐照浸渍法和普通浸渍法制备了MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,运用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ICP-AES）和X射线衍射（XRD）对催化剂进行表征,在空气-异丁醛-MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃体系中评价其对加氢柴油的氧化脱硫催化性能,并考察了反应温度、异丁醛用量、空气流量、溶剂类型和剂/油体积比对柴油氧化脱硫反应的影响。结果表明,超声波辐照浸渍法制备的MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂对柴油氧化脱硫的催化性能明显优于普通浸渍法制备的催化剂。最适宜的催化柴油氧化脱硫反应的条件为：乙腈为溶剂、加氢柴油30 mL、温度35℃、异丁醛20 mmol、空气流量0.06 L/min、超声波辐照浸渍法制备的MnO₂/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂0.08 g、剂/油体积比1/6和催化氧化时间10 min。在此条件下可将柴油硫质量分数从542μg/g 降至31μg/g,柴油脱硫率和回收率分别为94.3%和93.3%。     

Co负载量对Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂F-T合成催化性能的影响

 制备了不同Co负载量的系列Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂,采用XRD、H₂-TPR和H₂-TPD等方法对其进行表征,并考察Co负载量对Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂催化F-T合成反应性能的影响。结果表明,随Co负载量的增加,Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性先增加后降低,在Co负载量25％附近达到最大。Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂上Co₃O₄晶粒尺寸随Co负载量增加而逐渐增大,而催化剂的还原温度变化不大,催化剂的还原度和氢吸附量则随Co负载量增加先增大后降低。Co/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的催化活性与其氢吸附量呈线性关系。     

溶胶-凝胶（水热）法制备TiO2-SiO2及期对Co/TiO2-SiO2的F-T反应催化性能的影响

 分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和溶胶-凝胶水热法制备了TiO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物,采用等体积浸渍法制备了Co/TiO₂-SiO₂催化剂。采用N₂吸脱附、XRD、Raman、XPS、TPR等手段考察了载体制备方法对催化剂结构的影响,考察了载体制备方法对催化剂费-托合成反应性能的影响。结果表明,溶胶-凝胶水热法制备的TiO₂-SiO₂复合氧化物具有较高的比表面积,在提高Co物种还原度的同时,有利于更多的Co物种在载体表面分散,进而提高了催化剂对费-托合成反应的催化活性,降低了甲烷的选择性,并提高了C⁺₅烃的选择性。     

Pd/Al2O3-TiO2催化剂的制备条件

 以含K₂O的Al₂O₃-TiO₂复合物为催化剂载体,考察了浸渍液pH值、浸渍液浓度、浸渍时间和焙烧温度对Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂颗粒的蛋壳厚度、Pd粒子粒径等的影响。采用BET、TEM等方法对所制备的催化剂进行了表征,选择较佳制备条件的Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂进行了C₄馏分选择加氢活性评价。结果表明,随着浸渍液pH值的减小,催化剂颗粒的蛋壳厚度增加;浸渍溶液的浓度越高,浸渍时间越长,越有利于金属在催化剂内层的分布;浸渍液的pH值并不会影响Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂Pd粒子最终的大小。催化剂焙烧温度越高,Pd粒子的平均直径越大,Pd的分散度越小。在反应温度40℃、压力1.5 MPa、体积空速8.0 h^-1、氢/炔摩尔比2.5的条件下,较佳制备条件的Pd/Al₂O₃-TiO₂催化剂催化C₄馏分加氢的炔烃转化率73%、丁二烯选择性85%、丁二烯损失率2.5%。     

2,6-二甲基苯酚催化胺化过程Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂的失活和改性

 采用固定床反应器, 研究了Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂在催化2,6-二甲基苯酚气相胺化合成2,6-二甲基苯胺反应中的稳定性,实验结果发现催化剂较易失活。采用BET、XPS、TG、TEM和IR手段对失活前后的Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂进行了表征分析,并采用BaO对Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂进行改性。结果表明,Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂失活的原因主要是反应过程生成的胺类化合物吸附在γ-Al₂O₃载体的酸性中心产生积碳沉积所致。Pd/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂添加BaO,生成了铝钡尖晶石结构,有效地减少了Pd/γ-Al₂O₃的酸性,加快了反应中生成的2,6-二甲基环己胺和2,6-二甲基苯胺的脱附,有效地避免了催化剂因积炭失活,提高了催化剂的稳定性。     

钒作为加氢催化剂活性组分的研究Ⅰ.钒对 NiMo/Al2O3催化剂加氢性能的影响及表征

 以含V溶液浸渍法制备了一系列含V的 NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了 V₂O₅质量分数对 NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂加氢性能的影响,并对催化剂进行了 BET、SEM、IR-OH、紫外-可见漫反射光谱以及拉曼光谱表征。结果表明,含 V 的 NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂加氢活性明显低于不含 V 的 NiMo/Al₂O₃催化剂;随着催化剂上 V₂O₅质量分数的增加,多聚体V的出现导致V-S相的加氢活性增加,催化剂加氢活性先迅速下降,再逐渐趋于平稳。     

钾助剂对Co/SiO2费-托合成催化剂性质及反应性能的影响

 考察了钾（K）助剂 (质量分数0.17%～4.98%) 对Co/SiO₂ 催化剂结构及其费-托合成（F-T）反应性能的影响。结果表明, K助剂趋向于存在催化剂的外表面,K助剂的添加显著降低了催化剂的比表面积。 在H₂气氛下对催化剂还原处理,添加K助剂不会降低催化剂的还原能力,反而会促进Co₃O₄的还原。在CO+H₂气氛中,K助剂会促进金属Co的氧化,使催化剂活性降低。少量的K助剂使催化剂的催化活性有所下降,但使产物中的C₁~C₄含量降低,烯/烷比增加。     

Activity of Co(Ni)MoS/Al2O3 catalysts, derived from cobalt(nickel) salts of H6[Co2Mo10O38H4], in hydrogenolysis of thiophene and hydrogen treatment of diesel fraction

Co(Ni)MoS/Al₂O₃ catalysts have been prepared from ammonium 10-dodecamolybdodicobaltate (NH₄)₆[Co₂Mo₁₀O₃₈H₄] (further, Co₂Mo₁₀HPC) and cobalt(nickel) salts of 10-dodecamolybdodicobaltic acid H₆[Co₂Mo₁₀O₃₈H₄] (hereinafter, Co₂Mo₁₀HPA). It has been found that a high activity of the Co(Ni)₃-Co₂Mo₁₀HPA/Al₂O₃ catalysts in the hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation reactions is due to the formation of a nanostructured type II CoMoS phase via the contact of the metals (Mo and Co(Ni)) at the molecular level. The use of Ni as a copromoter in the Ni₃-Co₂Mo₁₀HPA/Al₂O₃ catalyst leads to a simultaneous increase, compared with Co₃-Co₂Mo₁₀HPA/Al₂O₃, in the linear size of nanoparticles and the number of MoS₂ layers in the packing of active phase. The nature of the promoter X has a substantial effect on the properties of X₃Co₂Mo₁₀HPC/Al₂O₃ catalysts. It has been found that the catalysts with X = Co exhibit the highest activity in the hydrodesulfurization reactions and those with X = Ni, in hydrogenation reactions.     

煅烧还原一步制备Ni基催化剂及在CH4-CO2重整反应中的应用

采用大豆油研磨法制备了Ni/C-SiO_2系列催化剂,并用于CH_4-CO_2重整反应。通过XRD、TG-DTG、BET、H_2-TPR、CO_2-TPD等对催化剂进行了物理性能表征,利用固定床连续反应对催化剂进行了催化性能测试。结果表明,研磨法制得的催化剂前驱体在惰性气氛N2中煅烧后,催化剂上的镍元素全部转变成了Ni~0,实现了煅烧还原一步制备中孔Ni基催化剂。CH_4-CO_2重整反应后的催化剂上存在两种炭,一种是催化剂制备时残留的碳源炭,另一种是重整反应过程中产生的可致催化剂失活的积炭。考察了助剂CeO_2、ZrO_2、La_2O_3对催化剂性能的影响,结果表明,与Ni/C-SiO_2催化剂相比,Ni-CeO_2/C-SiO_2、Ni-ZrO_2/C-SiO_2、Ni-La_2O_3/C-SiO_2催化剂中Ni~0的粒径降低了,Ni-CeO_2/C-SiO_2、Ni-La_2O_3/C-SiO_2催化剂的反应活性提高了,反应后Ni-ZrO_2/C-SiO_2、Ni-La_2O_3/C-SiO_2催化剂上的积炭减少了。助剂La_2O_3不仅提高了催化剂活性,而且降低了催化剂上的积炭量,使用Ni-La_2O_3/C-SiO_2催化剂进行CH_4-CO_2重整反应,总碳转化率达到了52%。     

复合SiO2-WO3催化剂的制备、表征及氧化脱除苯并噻吩性能

 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO₂-WO₃催化剂,并采用XRD、FT-IR、BET、TG-DTA等方法对催化剂进行表征。以苯并噻吩(BT)为模型化合物,H₂O₂为氧化剂,考察了催化剂的活性元素、制备方法、n(W)/n(Si)和焙烧温度对其催化氧化脱硫活性的影响。结果表明,W的引入降低了SiO₂的比表面积,SiO₂-WO₃催化剂中W的主物相为WO₃。在以W为活性组元,且n(W)/n(Si)为0.1时,500℃焙烧得到的SiO₂-0.1WO₃催化剂具有最好的催化脱硫活性。在模拟油20 mL、催化剂SiO₂-0.1WO₃用量0.04 g、n(H₂O₂)/n(S)为15.9、乙腈/模拟油体积比0.3、65℃反应60 min的条件下,苯并噻吩模拟油脱硫率可达99.3%。     

Selective Oxidation of Cyclohexane Using a Co-M/Al2O3 Catalyst without Additives

Abstract

Without any organic solvent or activator, the selective oxidation of cyclohexane with air to afford cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone was investigated over Co/Al₂O₃ and Co-M/Al₂O₃ (M = Cu, Zn, and Ni) catalysts prepared by sol-gel method. The activity of the catalysts decreases in the following order: Co-Ni/Al₂O₃ > Co/Al₂O₃ > Co-Zn/Al₂O₃ > Co-Cu/Al₂O₃. The optimum contents of cobalt and nickel are 4.0 wt% and 3.0 wt% in Co-Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst, respectively. The best result was obtained over Co-Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst with a conversion of 9.9% and a selectivity of 94.6% and the ratio of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanol of 2.8 when the reaction was carried out at 443 K for 120 min under 4.5 MPa, and catalytic activity did not change after five consecutive reactions.     

Co-Ru/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst Modified With ZrO2 for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

Abstract

Using an incipient impregnation method, a Co-Ru bimetallic catalyst was prepared. The effects of the ZrO₂ modification of support on heavy hydrocarbon synthesis were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that the ZrO₂ modification could block defects of γ-Al₂O₃ crystal lattice, weaken the interaction between support and Co, and hinder or prevent the formation of cobalt aluminate. Zr reacted with Co to form the Co-Zr species, which is easily reduced under lower temperature. It caused an increase in the amount of easily reducible Co species and a decrease in the amount of uneasily reducible Co species. Then the reduction extent of cobalt-based catalyst was raised under the typical reduction condition. Meanwhile, support of γ-Al₂O₃ was modified with ZrO₂, and the interface of Co-ZrO₂ formed. The Co-ZrO₂ interface led to an increase of the intensity of the bridge-form CO adsorption, which CO facilitates to be dissociated. At H₂/CO molar ratio in feed 2.0, 503 K, 1.5 MPa, and 800 hr^?1, the catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance. The CO conversion was 93.27%, the C₅ ⁺ selectivity was 82.56%, and the chain growth factor was 0.81.     

孔径双峰分布γ-Al2O3负载NiMoP催化剂的制备及对蜡油加氢催化性能

在氢氧化铝干胶挤条成型时,调节纳米炭黑的加入量和水/粉质量比,制备了孔径呈双峰分布、具有较大孔容和比表面积的γ-Al2O3载体。当炭黑加入质量分数为13%、水/粉质量比1.15时,制备的孔径呈双峰分布的γ-Al2O3载体的孔容为0.80mL/g、比表面积为309m2/g,4～10nm和10～15nm孔径分别占总孔容50.8%和35.1%(体积分数),采用该载体制备的NiMoP/γ-Al2O3催化剂的孔径呈明显的双峰分布。在反应温度370℃、氢分压10MPa、氢/油体积比700、体积空速1.5h-1的条件下,制备的NiMoP/γ-Al2O3催化剂可使减压和焦化混合蜡油的硫质量分数由25600μg/g降至2070μg/g,脱硫率为91.9%,而参比催化剂仅可使减压和焦化混合蜡油硫质量分数降至3450μg/g,脱硫率为86.5%。     

Atomic and nanocluster Ce species on graphene oxides for selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3

In this work, a catalyst of graphene oxide supported CeO₂ (referred to as CeO₂/GO) is prepared and characterized by TEM, H₂-TPR, NH₃-TPD and XPS. The catalytic tests show a NO conversion of 97% at a range of 225?°C to 325?°C with a good stability and water resistance. The microscopic studies display atomic and nanocluster scale distributions of Ce species on large specific surface areas of GO. The structural and surface analyses demonstrate high ratio of Ce³⁺ and chemisorbed oxygen on surface due to the strong interaction between ceria and GO are beneficial to NH₃-SCR.