合金元素对A7N01铝合金组织及性能的影响

采用正交试验法设计出八种不同成分的A7N01铝合金,加工后通过光学显微镜观察合金铸锭的金相显微形貌;经自然时效一月后,借助拉伸试验机、SEM观察及EDS分析对合金的强度和塑性进行研究;并采用正交分析法中的极差分析法、方差分析法分析合金的力学性能。结果表明,微量元素Mn、Cr、Zr、Ti可细化合金铸锭晶粒,其作用依次是:Mn、Cr联合作用大于Ti大于Zr;合金的强度受Zn、Mg、Cu元素含量影响较大;合金的拉伸断口是以韧窝为主的韧性断裂,且断口中存在杂质元素Fe和Si。     

高镁铝合金铸造缺陷机制分析及对策

对高镁5A06铝合金铸锭夹杂缺陷进行了分析研究。对不合格品进行剖伤后,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜对缺陷进行分析。结果表明,在熔炼和精炼过程中含Mn和Ti的粗大化合物富集长大,Al和Mg的细小氧化物颗粒吸附在这些粗大化合物周围从而产生裂纹。加强对各个工序的控制,尤其是加强对熔体的精炼,控制熔体在熔炼炉中的时间不超过6 h,在保温炉中不超过10 h,熔炼时添加少量Be元素,这样可有效地控制5A06铝合金铸锭的夹杂和开裂。     

Fe添加方式对8021铝合金铸锭组织性能的影响

采用铁剂和Al-Fe中间合金两种方式添加Fe元素制备了生产药品包装铝箔用的8021铝合金铸锭，采用高分辨率扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)和元素面分布技术(EDS-Mapping),研究了铸锭中合金元素的分布和第二相粒子的微观形貌及分布特征。结果表明，在8021铝合金铸锭中Fe元素主要偏聚于晶界处。其中使用铁剂所生产的铸锭，Fe元素在晶界处含量远高于在基体中的含量；使用Al-Fe中间合金生产的铸锭，Fe元素在晶界与基体中的含量差异较小，分布更为均衡。Fe元素熔点高，较低的合金化温度导致Fe元素无法充分扩散溶解至基体内，因此在晶界富集。在晶界析出的针状第二相降低了合金铸锭的加工性能。采用Al-Fe中间合金生产铸锭，不仅可以降低Fe元素的损耗，同时能提升铝合金铸锭的力学性能。     

均匀化退火对3003铝合金铸锭显微组织的影响

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)结合能谱分析(EDX)技术,研究了3003铝合金圆铸锭不同部位的铸态显微组织以及均匀化退火温度和时间对组织的影响。研究结果表明:受冷却速度的影响,铸锭心部的晶粒尺寸和枝晶臂间距比铸锭边部的粗大;呈点状的Al(Mn,Fe)和Al(Mn,Fe,Si)金属间化合物在晶界上大量富集;经过均匀化处理后,合金的组织得到明显改善,Mn偏析得以消除,但均匀化处理未能使富集在晶界上的金属间化合物完全溶解。3003铝合金铸锭的最佳均匀化退火工艺为605℃13 h。     

2A14-T6铝合金小规格棒材工艺研究

熔铸Ф110—124mm的2A14-T6铝合金铸锭，其化学成分中w(Mn)为0．8％，w(Si)为0．9％，通过一次挤压成Ф10mm的小规格棒材。经过一系列热处理工艺试验，确定了2A14-T6铝合金一次挤压棒材的过烧温度和淬火、人工时效制度。     

半连续铸造法制备AA4045/AA3003铝合金包覆铸锭的界面组织和性能（英文）

采用直接水冷半连续铸造法制备AA4045/AA3003铝合金包覆铸锭,对合金界面组织、温度分布、成分分布及力学性能进行研究。结果表明,包覆铸锭界面清晰平直,无气孔、夹杂等缺陷,界面处合金元素在596~632℃范围内发生扩散,形成平均厚度的10μm的扩散层。从AA4045铝合金一侧向AA3003铝合金一侧,Si元素含量下降,Mn元素含量上升。包覆铸锭试样的抗拉强度为103.7 MPa,断口位于AA3003合金侧,界面抗剪切强度为91.1 MPa,说明两种合金通过合金元素的互扩散实现了冶金结合。     

Yb对2519A铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了不同Yb含量的2519A铝合金试样,通过硬度测试、力学性能测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜等分析方法研究了稀土Yb对2519A铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在2519A铝合金中添加0.2%Yb(质量分数)时,Yb与Al,Cu,Fe和Mn形成稀土相,合金内粗大Al Cu相和Al Cu Fe Mn相数量减少,含Yb第二相粒子化学活泼性低于Al Cu相和Al Cu Fe Mn相。适量的Yb能细化合金的时效强化相,使其析出密度增加,阻止θ(Al2Cu)相在晶界上连续析出,减小晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)宽度,使晶界析出相变成非连续分布,从而改善了合金的剥落腐蚀抗力。当Yb含量进一步增加时,合金力学性能及抗剥蚀性能下降。     

微量Cr、Mn、Ti、Zr细化7A55铝合金铸锭组织的效果与机理

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析术研究了复合添加微量Cr、Mn、Ti、Zr细化7A55合金铸锭组织的效果和机理.结果表明:复合添加0.04%Ti 0.17%Zr能在一定程度上细化7A55合金铸锭组织,复合添加0.20%Cr 0.20%Mn 0.03%Ti能够显著细化铸锭组织,其细化机理为含有Cr、Mn的原子团簇作为Al3Ti形核的基底促使α-Al成核;复合添加微量0.04%Cr 0.04%Mn 0.03%Ti 0.18%Zr产生了极强烈的晶粒细化效果,其细化机理为含有Cr、Mn的原子团簇作为Al3Ti、Al3Zr共同形核的基底使Al3(TixZr1-x)形核,Al3(TixZr1-x)使α-Al形核.随着Cr、Mn含量增加,铸锭晶粒向枝晶化、粗大化方向发展.     

重力倾转铸造7A09铝锭的数值模拟及试验验证

基于AnyCasting软件模拟了采用自主研发的重力倾转铸造设备生产的7A09铝合金铸锭的生产过程,得出了最佳的生产工艺参数,并对模拟结果进行了实际验证。结果表明,当浇口杯中金属液含量为50%、倾转速度为π/(14)rad·s~(-1)、模具预热温度为100℃以及浇注温度为700℃时,可制备出品质合格的7A09铝合金铸锭。     

7A52铝合金中粗大化合物的分析

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析等方法对7A52铝合金中的粗大化合物进行了分析.结果表明,7A52铝合金中的粗大化合物为Alx (Cr、Mn、Ti、Fe)y,化合物的实质为Mn、Ti、Fe溶于Al7Cr的固溶体.     

5059铝合金均匀化金属间相的演变

利用光学显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、能谱分析（EDS）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、X射线衍射（XRD）等手段研究了5059铝合金均匀化热处理过程中金属间相的演变。结果表明：5059铝合金铸锭中枝晶偏析严重,大量难溶金属间相在晶界处呈连续网状分布。难溶金属间相由富含 Zn、Cu 元素的非平衡β（Al3Mg2）相、Fe元素富集的Al6Mn共晶相以及Mg2Si平衡相组成。在均匀化热处理过程中,难溶金属间相发生回溶,并析出大量弥散的β（Al3Mg2）相和短棒状的Al6Mn粒子。根据实验观测及均匀化动力学方程计算结果,得到合金的最佳均匀化热处理制度为（450°C,24 h）。     

固溶时效处理对7005铝合金冲击性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、SEM和冲击试验机研究了固溶时效处理后的7005铝合金的冲击性能。结果表明,7005铝合金铸态组织中晶界比较宽大,并且在晶内存在大量的非平衡析出相,经固溶时效处理后晶粒内的颗粒析出相的数量大量减少。铸态合金晶界上析出相含有较多的Zn、Mg、Mn元素,固溶时效后在合金晶粒内部存在的析出相主要为η(MgZn₂)平衡相,在晶界上仍然残留有部分AlZnMg(Mn)析出相,该析出相具有较好的热稳定性,无法完全回溶。固溶时效后,合金晶粒内的颗粒状析出相大部分溶入基体,使固溶度增加而使合金强度增高,改善了7005铝合金的冲击性能。     

Overheating temperature of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy

The microstructure and overheating characteristics of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy, and those after industrial homogenization treatment and multi-stage homogenization treatments, were studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), optical microscopy(OM) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX). The results show that the microstructure of direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy contains a large number of constituents in the form of dendritic networks that consist of nonequilibrium eutectic and Fe-containing phases. The nonequilibrium eutectic contains Al, Zn, Mg and Cu, and the Fe-containing phases include two kinds of phases, one containing Al, Fe, Mn and Cu, and the other having Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Si and Cu. The melting point of the nonequilibrium eutectic is 478 ℃ for the casting ingot of the 7B04 alloy which is usually considered as its overheating temperature. During industrial homogenization treatment processing at 470 ℃, the nonequilibrium eutectic dissolves into the matrix of this alloy partly, and the remainder transforms into Al2CuMg phase that cannot be dissolved into the matrix at that temperature completely. The melting point of the Al2CuMg phase which can dissolve into the matrix completely by slow heating is about 490 ℃. The overheating temperature of this high strength aluminum alloy can rise to 500-520 ℃. By means of special multi-stage homogenization, the temperature of the homogenization treatment of the ingot of the 7B04 high strength aluminum alloy can reach 500 ℃ without overheating.     

喷射成形Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金时效沉淀相分析

利用喷射成形技术制备了超高强Al12Zn2.4Mg1.1Cu合金。随后对试验合金进行热挤压,758K固溶2h和393K时效20h,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对时效后的合金进行形貌、选区电子衍射、高分辨像观察,得到各种沉淀相形貌和析出相与基体的位相关系。经过标定后确定,时效后的合金中存在3种纳米级沉淀相:η′相、GP(II)区、L12-Al3Zr,GP(II)区和Al3Zr与基体共格结合。     

Homogenization heat treatment of 2099 Al–Li alloy

The microstructure evolution and composition distribution of as-cast and homogenized 2099 aluminum– lithium(Al–Li) alloy were studied by optical microscopy(OM), differential thermal analysis(DTA), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS), area and line scanning, X-ray diffraction(XRD), and Vickers microhardness test methods. The results show that severe dendrite exists in the as-cast alloy. Cu, Zn, Mn, and Mg distribute unevenly from the grain boundary to inside. The low-melting point nonequilibrium eutectic phases dissolve into the matrix during the first-step homogenization, whereas the melting point of residual eutectic phases is elevated. After the second-step homogenization, most of the remaining eutectic phases dissolve into the matrix, except a small amount of Al–Cu–Fe phases. An optimized homogenization process of the 2099 Al–Li alloy is developed(515 °C 9 18 h ? 525 °C 9 16 h), which shows a good agreement with the homogenization kinetic analysis results.     

Microstructural evolution of high strength 7B04 ingot during homogenization treatment

The evolution of the microstructure and phases of the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 super-high strength aluminum alloy during homogenization treatment was studied with metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）, energy spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）. The results show that a considerable amount of non-equilibrium eutectics containing AI, Zn, Cu and Mg exist in the direct chill semicontinuous casting ingot of 7B04 super-high strength aluminum alloy, and their melting point is 478℃. During homogenization treatment at 470℃, these eutectics dissolve into the matrix partly, coarsen and also transform into Al2CuMg phase whose equilibrium melting point is 490℃ in the alloy. Moreover, the homogenization treatment at 470℃ for 72 h results in the disappearance of the non-equilibrium eutectics though Al2CuMg phase can not dissolve completely.     

时效处理对7022铝合金组织与弯曲性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、拉伸和弯曲试验等研究了时效处理对7022铝合金组织及弯曲性能的影响。结果表明,固溶处理后7022铝合金基体中依然含有大量黑色不溶第二相,且这些相主要由α-Al、MgZn₂、Al₂CuMg和Al₇Cu₂Fe相组成。随着时效的进行,Al₂CuMg和Al₇Cu₂Fe相逐渐溶解,与MgZn₂相性质相似的Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)₂相析出,同时晶粒逐渐长大,产生明显的析出强化效应。试样的抗弯强度主要受到第二相颗粒的数目、尺寸以及晶粒尺寸的影响。110 ℃×10 h时效条件下,合金拥有弥散分布的细小第二相颗粒和合适的晶粒尺寸,具有较好的抗弯强度和抗拉强度,其数值分别为21.7 MPa、608 MPa。     

Influence of megaplastic deformation on the structure and hardness of Al–Cu–Mg alloy after aging

Methods of electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate structural and phase transformations in the aluminum alloy of grade A2024 (Al–4.5 Cu–1.37 Mg–0.61 Mn–0.07 Si–0.27 Fe–0.02 Zn–0.02 Ti (wt %)) after aging and deformation by shear under high quasi-static pressure. It has been shown that the combination of two-stage aging with megaplastic deformation leads to the refinement of the structure to a nanolevel and to strengthening of the alloy (to an increase in the microhardness to 3000 MPa). The values of true deformation at which the deformation-induced dissolution of the particles of the strengthening S phase occurs have been determined.     

Phases and microstructures of high Zn-containing Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

Phases and microstructures of three high Zncontaining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys were investigated by means of thermodynamic calculation method, optica microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM)energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) analysis. The results indicate that similar dendritic network morphologies are found in these three Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. The as-cast 7056 aluminum alloy consists of aluminum solid solution, coarse Al/Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2 eutectic phases, and fine intermetallic compounds g(MgZn_2). Both of as-cast 7095 and 7136 aluminum alloys involve a(Al)eutectic Al/Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2, intermetallic g(MgZn_2), and h(Al_2Cu). During homogenization at 450 °C, fine g(MgZn_2) can dissolve into matrix absolutely. After homogenization at 450 °C for 24 h, Mg(Cu, Zn, Al)_2 phase in 7136 alloy transforms into S(Al_2Cu Mg) while no change is found in 7056 and 7095 alloys. The thermodynamic calculation can be used to predict the phases in high Zncontaining Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys.     

新型Al-Mg-Cu铝合金铸锭均匀化过程中相的变化

采用金相、扫描电镜、能谱和DSC分析方法研究了新型Al-Mg-Cu铝合金(以下简称A铝合金)半连续水冷铸锭均匀化处理过程中相的变化.结果表明,A铝合金半连续铸锭的铸态组织中存在大量非平衡凝固的含Al2CuMg和Al2Cu的共晶相,其熔化温度为505℃;在595℃12 h均匀化过程中,该合金铸锭中非平衡凝固共晶相发生溶解,合金中铸造过程形成的非平衡凝固共晶体Al2Cu全部消失,但Al2CuMg相不能完全溶解.