La2O3-Mo阴极材料中La2O3稳定性研究

本文采用高温光电子能谱方法对La2O3-Mo阴极及碳化La2O3-Mo阴极材料表面La2O3的化学稳定性进行了研究.实验结果表明,La2O6并不具备文献报道的极好的化学稳定性.材料中的La2O3在高温、真空条件下,其部分晶格氧发生分离.La2O3可以被Mo2C还原成单质La.单质La的结合能高于La2O3的结合能.实验证实单质La3d5/2的结合能为835.96eV,并首次给出La3d3/2的结合能实验数值为852.23eV.     

Chemical States of Lanthanum in Carbonized La2O3-Mo Thermionic Cathode Materials

The chemical reaction between lanthanum oxide and molybdenum carbide was studied by thermodynamic calcu-lation, thermal analysis and in-situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. The theoretical results show that at the environment allowing for the evaporation of lanthanum, such as in high vacuum, La2O3 in the La2O3-Mo materials can be reduced to metallic lanthanum by molybdenum carbide (Mo2C). To confirm the conclusion, many analysis methods such as XRD, SPS, and TG-DTA were taken. The experimental results show that the chemical state of lanthanum changes during heat-ing. It was proved, for the first time, that reacted metallic lanthanum appears at the surface of this kind of material at high temperature.     

Effect of La2O3 on granular bainite microstructure and wear resistance of hardfacing layer metal

The purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of La2 O3 on the granular bainite microstructure and wear resistance of hardfacing layer metal. The hardfacing layer metals with different contents of La2 O3 were prepared. The microstructures of the hardfacing layer metals were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The hardness and wear resistance of the hardfacing layer metals were measured respectively. The results indicated that with the increasing content of La2 O3, the amount of granular bainite increased, while that of martensite decreased and that of retained austenite did not change obviously. When the content of La2 O3 was 2.55 wt.%, the volume fraction of the granular bainite in the hardfacing layer metal was 73.2%. Meanwhile, the wear resistance of the hardfacing layer metal was the largest, which was 12100 min/g. The mismatch between the face(100) of LaAlO3 and the face(100) of δ-Fe was 7.1%. Therefore, LaAlO3 could act as moderate effective heterogeneous nuclei of δ-Fe and the granular bainite could be refined.     

Effect of ball milling on hydrogen storage of Mg3La alloy

Hydrogen storage and microstructure of ball milled Mg3La alloy were investigated by X-ray diffraction and pressure-composition-isotherm measurement. The ball milled Mg3La alloy could absorb hydrogen up to 4wt.% at 300 ℃ for the first time, along with a decomposing course. Following tests showed that the average reversible hydrogen storage capacity was 2.7wt.%. The enthalpy and entropy of dehydrogenation reaction of the decomposed ball milled Mg3La and hydrogen were calculated. XRD patterns indicated the existence of MgH2 and LaH3 in the decomposed hydride and the formation of Mg when hydrogen was desorbed. After the first hydrogenation, all the latter hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions could be taken place between Mg and MgH2. The ball milled Mg3La alloy exhibited better hydriding kinetics than that of the as-cast Mg3La alloy at room temperature. The kinetic curve could be well fitted by Avrami-Erofeev equation.     

高能球磨制备WC/Al2O3-Cr-Mo-Ni金属陶瓷及其组织和力学性能

以亚微米级WC粉、Al2O3粉、Cr粉、Mo粉与Ni粉为原料,采用高能球磨+热压工艺制备WC/Al2O3-Cr-Mo-Ni金属陶瓷材料,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)分析材料的物相组成和显微组织结构以及断裂方式,研究粘结相Ni和陶瓷相Al2O3的含量(均为质量分数)对该材料力学性能和微观结构的影响。研究表明:金属陶瓷的抗弯强度及断裂韧性随Ni含量增加而提高,随Al2O3含量增加而降低,硬度的变化趋势则相反。当Ni含量为7%、Al2O3含量为10%时,该金属陶瓷具有良好的综合性能,抗弯强度为567 MPa,断裂韧性为7.46(MPa.m1/2),维氏硬度为15.24 GPa,基本达到现用模具材料的水平。随着Ni含量增加,金属陶瓷的断裂方式由沿晶断裂向沿晶断裂与穿晶断裂相混合的方式转变。     

Effects of Rare-Earth La2O3 Addition on Microstructures and Electrical Properties of SrTiO3 Varistor-Capacitor Dual Functional Ceramics

Generally, metal oxide varistors used for the pro tection of electrical circuits are based on ZnO andTiO2[1,2]. ZnO varistor, which is widely used due toits high non linearity coefficient, is composed of ZnOceramics with minor oxide additive…     

Properties of La2O3-Doped PNSZT Piezoelectric Ceramics Having Tetragonal and Rhombohedral Coexistent Phases

The relationship between composition and the electric mechanical properties for La2O3-doped lead niobium stibium zirconate titanate(La2O3-doped PNSZT) piezoelectric ceramics,in which there are tetragonal and rhombohedral coexistent phases, was studied. A series of piezoelectric ceramics with good properties was obtained, having dielectric constants(ε=1500～2500), plane electromechanical coupling factor(Kp=0.45～0.65), mechanical quality factor(Qm=500～1600). These materials are used for making ultrasonic sensor and filter, and marine acoustic launching and receiving device, and so on. It has been explored that the influence of composition on the lattice constant and phase composition of La2O3-doped PNSZT piezoelectric ceramics by XRD(X-ray diffraction). The character of dielectric constant changing of La2O3-doped PNSZT piezoelectric ceramics before polarization and after polarization was studied. The affecting mechanism about composition on the electric machine properties of phase coexistent La2O3-doped PNSZT piezoelectric ceramics was analyzed and discussed.     

CaCl2-NaCl熔盐中La2O3电脱氧反应的电化学研究

采用熔盐电解法研究了La2O3电脱氧反应过程。由电位阶越实验及取样电流电位分析和对电解产物进行X衍射分析表明La2O3的电脱氧反应是可以进行的，La2O3得电子还原为低价脱氧产物LaO，接着LaO作为中间产物与阳极气体Cl结合生成氯氧镧。     

La2O3/TiO2纳米粒子超声光催化降解邻硝基苯酚

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了La2O3/TiO2纳米粒子.采用X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物相进行了表征.研究了超声光催化协同降解水中邻硝基苯酚的效果,考察了超声波声强、反应温度和催化剂投加量对邻硝基苯酚降解速率的影响.研究结果表明,超声光催化协同降解要比单独超声波或光化学处理效果显著,证实了声光联合技术具有明显的协同效应.     

Effects of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2-coating on electrochemical performance of LiCoO2

Commercial cathode material (LiCoO2) was modified by coating with a thin layer of SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2 for improving its performance in lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material were characterized by scanning elec-tron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The performance including cycling stability, diffusion coefficient under different volt-age, C-rate discharge of the batteries with this modified cathode material was examined. The results showed that the battery with the coated cathode material could discharge at a large current density, and it possessed a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 V to 4.2 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the batteries using SrO/Li2O/La2O3/Ta2O5/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coated layer could act as a fast ion conductor (Sr0.5La0.05Li0.35Ti0.5Ta0.5O3) and as a protecting shell to prevent LiCoO2 particles from be-ing attacked by the acidic electrolyte.     

Microstructure and Electrical Properties of Er_2O_3-Doped ZnO-Based Varistor Ceramics Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling

Zinc oxide (ZnO) varistors exhibit highly nonlin-ear voltage-current (V-I) properties and it is ex-pressed bythe relationI=KVα,whereKis a constantandαis a nonlinear coefficient .They are extensivelyused as surge arresters in electric power lines ,such a…     

Effect of Gd2O3 and La2O3 on BaTiO3 -Based Ceramics

The addition of rare-earth oxides Gd2O3 and La2O3 to BaTiO3-based ceramics can restrain the growth of grain size, which obtained small grain size below 1 μm and high density. The dielectric constant at room temperature increased and the curve of ε-T was flattened which illustrated that the ferroelectricity of BaTiO3-based ceramics was weakened. In addition, it is illustrated that Gd2O3 leads to chemical nonhomogeneous property, i.e. core-shell structure and La2 O3 leads to chemical homogenous property, which take different effects on capacitance- temperature characteristic.     

La2O3在低质坯料卫生瓷乳浊釉中的应用

以低质珍珠岩为主要原料,通过正交设计,研制出低温烧成卫生瓷坯料配方,针对其坯体色深、白度低的情况,成功研制出La2O3基高强乳浊釉对其有效遮盖.经生产实际运行,产品指标均达到企业标准要求,不仅实现了用低质料生产优质卫生瓷的目的,同时显著降低了坯体的烧成温度,缩短了烧成周期,经济效益显著.     

CuO/La2O3-Al2O3催化剂中CuO物种的迁移和高温固相反应

采用XRD、激光Raman光谱和TPR技术研究了CuO／La2O3-Al2O3催化剂中CuO高温迁移及固相反应。结果表明，800℃焙烧的CuO（20％）／La203（x％）-Al2O3催化剂，低La2O3负载量（5％和10％）时，La2O3（x％）-Al2O3载体表面即存在CuO和少量CuAl2O4；当La2O3负载量增大（≥20％）时，由于La2O3的阻止作用，使得CuO无法迁移到La2O3内层和Al2O3反应生成CuAl2O4，从而使CuO稳定存在于催化剂表层。高温焙烧（≥900℃），La2O3的隔离作用下降，从而导致生成CuAl2O4。     

La2O3在空气中稳定性的研究

通过对 L a2 O3 粉末在空气中吸水的增重测定及增重前后的 X射线衍射结构分析 ,发现 L a2 O3 吸水之后转变成 L a(OH) 3 。因此 ,L a2 O3 是一种化学性质不稳定的化合物 ,从前文献中关于“L a2 O3 是一种化学性质稳定的氧化物”的观点值得商榷。     

Al_2O_3La_2O_3Y_2O_3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al2O3/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y2O3、La2O3稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al2O3/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.     

Influence of La2O3 on crystallization behavior of free-fluoride mould flux and heat transfer of slag films

In order to research the influence of La2O3 on crystallization behavior of free-fluoride mould flux and the heat transfer of slag film,free-fluoride mould flux with various La2O3 content were investigated by using self-made mould simulator,comprehensive thermal analyzer and SEM-EDS.With the increase of La2O3 content from 0% to 20%,the crystallization ratios of mould flux films were improved from 2% to 90% and the thicknesses of films were also enhanced over two times.Moreover,crystallization temperature was greatly raised and its increasing extent reached 100 oC.It could also decrease the melting temperature of casting powder about 50 oC.However,the undissolved La2O3 particles appeared in slag film if the ratio of La2O3 in free-fluoride mould flux was much too high.     

固体法制备Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂及其光催化性能

采用3种不同的顺序制备了镧镍复合氧化物前驱体后,再在这3种物质上用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂。用XRD、TEM分别对催化剂表面结构、表面形貌进行了表征,以CO2和H2O光催化合成甲醇反应为探针反应研究了不同的制备方法对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明:先混合碾磨并一起焙烧后再处理的Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂,其光催化活性最强,而先分开碾磨后一起焙烧再处理的催化剂光催化活性其次,而机械混合后再一起处理的催化剂对目的反应没有光催化活性。其中0.5%Cu/La2O3-NiO催化剂的催化效果最好。     

Effects of Support on Catalytic Behavior of Combustion Catalyst La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/γ-Al2O3

Combustion catalyst La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) is expected to possess relatively high activity for the oxidation of carbon monoxide and many hydrocarbons. If γ-Al2O3 is used as its support, cobalt ions can easily react with γ-Al2O3 at not very high temperature to form spinel CoAl2O4 or spinel-like, which decreases the activity of the combustion catalyst. In this paper, MgAl2O4 and CaAl2O4 were pre-coated on γ-Al2O3 by impregnation respectively, which formed compound support for LSC. It is shown that, when MgAl2O4 layer is covered on the surface of MgAl2O4 by impregnation, the entering of cobalt ions into γ-Al2O3 lattice is restrained, then LSC formed on the surface of MgAl2O4, which leads to a good catalytic activity of xylene complete oxidation. But the layer of MgAl2O4 should be thick enough to reach 30% (mass fraction) MgO in the support due to large size particle of MgAl2O4 crystalline. If polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is added into the impregnation solution adequately, MgAl2O4 particles formed on the surface of γ-Al2O3 are getting smaller, and less amount of MgAl2O4 is needed to cover up the surface of γ-Al2O3. If CaAl2O4 layer substituted for MgAl2O4, more closed cover is obtained in virtue of fine particles of CaAl2O4. The activity examination shows that smaller particles of MgAl2O4 or CaAl2O4 can be more effective to hinder cobalt ions entering the lattice of γ-Al2O3, and better activities will be obtained.