结合6-QAM和双层LDPC码的编码调制研究

针对阶数为3 ×2p的非标准调制与纠错编码难以匹配的问题,提出了一种面向6阶正交幅度调制(QAM)的双层编码调制传输方案.在发送端,采用有限域GF(2)低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码与GF(3)LDPC码进行分层编码,并将两种编码码字映射为6进制码字后进行6-QAM调制;在接收端,根据GF(2) LDPC码和GF(3) ...     

瑞利衰落信道下基于LDPC码USTM的MIMO系统

研究了一种联合低密度校验(LDPC,Low-Density Parity-Check)码和酉空时调制(USTM,Unitary Space-Time Modulation)技术在不相关瑞利平坦衰落(Rayleigh flat fading)下的多输入多输出信道(MIMO,Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)系统的性能.在无信道状态信息下,采用可并行操作的和积译码算法(SPA,Sum-Product Algorithm)的LDPCC-USTM级联系统具有优异的性能,并分析了不同LDPC码集下对系统性能的影响.仿真结果表明LDPCC-USTM级联系统比与未级联的相比有近23dB的编码增益,与基于Turbo码的USTM[6]系统相比有5dB多的编码增益,且基于非规则的LDPC码的级联系统比基于规则码有近1dB的编码增益.     

基于低密度校验码编码的MIMO系统方案

该文采用数值仿真的方法探讨了MIMO系统中采用低密度校验(LDPC)码作为信道编码后的系统性能,针对LDPC码的置信度传播译码算法,提出了基于因子图(Factor graph)的联合迭代检测译码最大后验概率(MAP)算法,分析比较了发射端分别采用独立编码和联合编码对系统性能的影响,仿真结果表明,LDPC码可以充分利用MIMO系统中空间分集和时间分集性能提高系统的有效分集增益,并且联合迭代检测译码算法对这两种发射端编码结构的系统性能增益有较大差别。     

Joint iterative decoding for simple-encoding systematic irregular-LDPC-based coded cooperation in non-ideal relay channel

In this paper, a new kind of simple-encoding irregular systematic LDPC codes suitable for one-relay coded cooperation is designed, where the proposed joint iterative decoding is effectively performed in the destination which is in accordance with the corresponding joint Tanner graph characterizing two different component LDPC codes used by the source and relay in ideal and non-ideal relay cooperations. The theoretical analysis and simulations show that the coded cooperation scheme obviously outperforms the coded non-cooperation one under the same code rate and decoding complex. The significant performance improvement can be virtually credited to the additional mutual exchange of the extrinsic information resulted by the LDPC code employed by the source and its counterpart used by the relay in both ideal and non-ideal cooperations.     

Reliability-based coded modulation with low-density parity-check codes

In this letter, we consider the interleaver design in bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) with low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The design paradigm is to provide more coding protection through iterative decoding to bits that are less protected by modulation (and are thus less reliable at the output of the demodulator). The design is carried out by an ad hoc search algorithm over the column permutations of the parity-check matrix. Our simulations show that the proposed reliability-based coded modulation scheme can improve the error-rate performance of conventional BICM schemes based on regular LDPC codes by a few tenths of a decibel, with no added complexity.     

LDPC-Coded Cooperation with Receive Multi-Antenna and Unknown CSI in the Destination

This paper studies a coded cooperation scheme with receive multi-antenna in the destination. A kind of simple-encoding irregular systematic low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes is applied to the scheme. For Rayleigh block fading channels, in the unknown channel state information scenario, space-based adaptive least-mean square (LMS) transversal filters are adopted in the destination to realize receive diversity gain. The filtered signals from the source and relay are decoded by a joint “Min-Sum” iterative decoding algorithm. This algorithm agrees with the bilayer Tanner graph that can be used to fully characterize two distinct irregular systematic LDPC codes employed by the source and relay. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the space-based adaptive LMS transversal filters in the coded cooperation scheme. Meanwhile, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation show that the proposed coded cooperation scheme can well combine cooperation diversity, multi-receive diversity and channel coding gains, and clearly outperforms the coded non-cooperation one under the same conditions.     

The performance of uplink LDPC‐coded multirelay cooperation based on virtual V‐BLAST processing

This paper proposes an efficient uplink low‐density parity‐check (LDPC)‐coded multirelay cooperation architecture based on virtual Vertical‐Bell Labs Layered Space–Time (V‐BLAST) processing over a Rayleigh fading channel, where minimum mean square error in combination with a successive interference canceller and belief propagation‐based joint iterative decoder based on the introduced multilayer Tanner graph are effectively designed to detect and decode the corrupted received sequence at the destination. By introducing V‐BLAST transmission to coded multirelay cooperation, relays send their symbol streams simultaneously, which significantly reduce the transmission delay and provide higher transmission efficiency. The theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the proposed LDPC‐coded cooperation scheme outperforms the coded noncooperation under the same code rate and achieves a better compromise, with respect to the performance, signal delay, and encoding complexity associated to the number of relays, than the conventional LDPC‐coded cooperations without V‐BLAST transmission. This performance gain can be credited to the proposed V‐BLAST processing architecture and belief propagation‐based joint iterative decoding by the introduced multilayer Tanner graph at a receiver side. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Low-density parity check codes and iterative decoding for long-haul optical communication systems

A forward-error correction (FEC) scheme based on low-density parity check (LDPC) codes and iterative decoding using belief propagation in code graphs is presented in this paper. We show that LDPC codes provide a significant system performance improvement with respect to the state-of-the-art FEC schemes employed in optical communications systems. We present a class of structured codes based on mutually orthogonal Latin rectangles. Such codes have high rates and can lend themselves to very low-complexity encoder/decoder implementations. The system performance is further improved by a code design that eliminates short cycles in a graph employed in iterative decoding.     

Joint iterative decoding for pragmatic irregular LDPC-coded multi-relay cooperations

In this article, a new kind of pragmatic simple-encoding irregular systematic low-density parity-check (LDPC) code for multi-relay coded cooperation is designed, where the introduced joint iterative decoding is performed in the destination based on a proposed joint Tanner graph for all the constituent LDPC codes used by the source and relays in multi-relay cooperation. The theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the coded cooperations outperform the coded non-cooperation under the same code rate, and also achieve a good trade-off between the performance and the decoding complexity associated with the number of relays. This performance gain can be credited to the additional exchange of extrinsic information from the LDPC codes used by the source and the relays in both ideal and non-ideal cooperations.     

低SNR下基于LDPC译码的迭代SNR估计

针对低信噪比（≤0dB）下SNR估计的难题,提出了基于低密度奇偶校验码（LDPC）译码辅助的迭代SNR估计算法。该算法先采用期望最大（EM）原理及LDPC译码软信息实现SNR粗估计,再以不同SNR下LDPC软信息硬判结果满足校验矩阵约束程度的差异为判决依据,实现基于判决反馈的SNR精估计。仿真表明,该算法能以相对较小的计算复杂度,使LDPC编码系统在低SNR下获得了较高精度的SNR估计。     

一种用于BICM-ID系统的新颖8APSK映射方案

为了能够通过高阶调制信号增加信道容量,提高编码增益和频谱效率,对8阶振幅移相键控(APSK)星座映射方案进行优化.基于欧氏距离设计准则提出一种新颖(2,6)-scheme 8APSK映射方案,并应用于联合准循环构造法构造的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)(4599,4307)码的比特交织编码调制迭代译码(BICM-ID)系统中.信道容量仿真表明,所提方案在高、低信噪比区域都具有非常优越的互信息性能.误码率(BER)性能仿真表明,在BER为10-7时,联合LDPC(4599,4307)码的(2,6)-scheme 8APSK映射方案较(4,4)-scheme 8APSK映射方案、8PSK调制的格雷(Gray)映射、集分割(SP)映射、半集分割(SSP)映射分别提高了约0.45 dB、1.10 dB、1.62 dB、2.13 dB的编码增益.外附信息转移(EXIT)图仿真说明,所提方案能够更早地打开译码通道,从而更早地通过迭代来实现无错译码.     

一种LDPC编码慢跳频系统迭代信道估计译码算法

低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC, Low Density Parity Check)的和积译码算法(SPA, Sum-product Algorithm)在加性高斯白噪声信道中具有很好的译码性能,但需要已知信道状态信息。提出了一种在部分频带干扰条件下LDPC编码慢跳频(SFH, Slow Frequency Hopping)系统的迭代信道估计译码算法。该算法利用迭代译码过程中产生的比特后验信息作为信道估计器的先验信息辅助信道估计,进而更新下一次译码的初始信息。仿真结果显示,该算法性能逼近已知信道信息时的性能,而且每跳所含的符号数很少,不需要插入导频,增大了传输功率效率。另外,相对于SPA算法运算量增加不大,实现简单。     

基于多元LDPC码的迭代符号定时恢复

针对极低/低信噪比深空通信中传统符号定时恢复难的问题,本文提出了一种联合符号定时恢复与多元LDPC迭代译码的方案。该方案将Mueller& Muller符号定时恢复算法与迭代译码方法相结合,对符号周期内的动态时延进行校正。根据译码反馈信息的不同,迭代译码方法可分为基于译码硬信息和译码软信息两种迭代方法。仿真结果表明,在高阶调制、低信噪比和动态时延下,基于两种迭代方法的符号定时恢复算法均取得了接近于理想情况的性能,且收敛速度快,适合于工程实现。其中,由于基于译码软信息迭代的符号定时恢复算法保留了更完整的概率信息,因而性能更优。      

Design of serial concatenated MSK schemes based on density evolution

We consider the design of convolutional codes and low density parity check (LDPC) codes with minimum-shift keying (MSK) when the receiver employs iterative decoding and demodulation. The main idea proposed is the design of coded schemes that are well matched to the iterative decoding algorithm being used rather than to hypothetical maximum-likelihood decoding. We first show that the design is crucially dependent on whether the continuous phase encoder (CPE) is realized in recursive form or in nonrecursive form. We then consider the design of convolutionally coded systems and low density parity check codes with MSK to obtain near-capacity performance. With convolutional codes, we show that it is possible to improve the performance significantly by using a mixture of recursive and nonrecursive realizations for the CPE. For low density parity check codes, we show that codes designed for binary phase shift keying are optimal for MSK only if the nonrecursive realization is used; for the recursive realization, we design new LDPC codes based on the concept of density evolution. We show that these codes outperform the best known codes for MSK and have lower decoding complexity.     

RS码与LDPC码的联合迭代译码

针对RS码与LDPC码的串行级联结构,提出了一种基于自适应置信传播(ABP)的联合迭代译码方法.译码时,LDPC码置信传播译码器输出的软信息作为RS码ABP译码器的输入;经过一定迭代译码后,RS码译码器输出的软信息又作为LDPC译码器的输入.软输入软输出的RS译码器与LDPC译码器之间经过多次信息传递,译码性能有很大提高.码长中等的LDPC码采用这种级联方案,可以有效克服短环的影响,消除错误平层.仿真结果显示:AWGN信道下这种基于ABP的RS码与LDPC码的联合迭代译码方案可以获得约0.8 dB的增益.     

网格编码调制结合低密度校验码的应用方案设计及性能分析

提出一种利用网格编码调制将低密度校验码与高阶数字调制相结合的应用方法，其中在网格编码调制中采用递归系统卷积码进行编码用以实现基于对数似然比的软译码方法，构造了低密度校验码和网格编码调制相结合的编译码系统。仿真结果表明，该方案将低密度校验码的高编码增益与多元调制的高频谱利用率有效结合在一起，是一种功率和频谱高效的编码调制方式，比传统的网格编码方式有更好的性能。     

Near-capacity coding in multicarrier modulation systems

We apply irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes to the design of multilevel coded quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes for application in discrete multitone systems in frequency-selective channels. A combined Gray/Ungerboeck scheme is used to label each QAM constellation. The Gray-labeled bits are protected using an irregular LDPC code with iterative soft-decision decoding, while other bits are protected using a high-rate Reed-Solomon code with hard-decision decoding (or are left uncoded). The rate of the LDPC code is selected by analyzing the capacity of the channel seen by the Gray-labeled bits and is made adaptive by selective concatenation with an inner repetition code. Using a practical bit-loading algorithm, we apply this coding scheme to an ensemble of frequency-selective channels with Gaussian noise. Over a large number of channel realizations, this coding scheme provides an average effective coding gain of more than 7.5 dB at a bit-error rate of 10/sup -7/ and a block length of approximately 10/sup 5/ b. This represents a gap of approximately 2.3 dB from the Shannon limit of the additive white Gaussian noise channel, which could be closed to within 0.8-1.2 dB using constellation shaping.     

一种LDPC编码高阶调制系统的联合解调解码方法

该文用一种级联码模型描述了LDPC编码高阶调制系统。该级联码模型以LDPC码为外码,二-十进制转换码为内码,再加一个删余模块构成。基于这种级联码模型,该文给出了其联合校验方程和二分图,并提出了级联码置信度传播算法,实现了LDPC编码高阶调制系统的联合解调解码。仿真表明,该文提出的联合解调解码算法有效地改进了LDPC编码高阶调制系统的性能。     

基于Polar码的速率兼容调制方案设计

提出了一种基于Polar码的速率兼容调制（rate compatible modulation,RCM）联合设计方案,用于提高无线通信频谱利用率.相应地设计了基于置信度传播（belief propagation,BP）和软抵消（soft cancellation,SCAN）的接收端高效联合迭代译码算法.根据该算法可通过优化变量节点对数似然比（log-likelihood ratio,LLR）信息迭代方式以及采用限制译码符号上限的改进措施,提高译码过程的稳定性与时效性.与距离优化的级联低密度奇偶校验（low-density parity-check codes,LDPC）码RCM方案对比结果表明,提出的高效联合迭代译码算法在低信噪比（signal noise ratio,SNR）下有更低的译码复杂度,并且具有更优的吞吐量和误码率性能.因此,本文所提方案适合在恶劣信道条件下的无线传输.     

Joint Processing of Zero‐Forcing Detection and MAP Decoding for a MIMO‐OFDM System

We propose a new bandwidth‐efficient technique that achieves high data rates over a wideband wireless channel. This new scheme is targeted for a multiple‐input multiple‐output orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (MIMO‐OFDM) system that achieves transmit diversity through a space frequency block code and capacity enhancement through the iterative joint processing of zero‐forcing detection and maximum a posteriori (MAP) decoding. Furthermore, the proposed scheme is compared to the coded Bell Labs Layered Space‐Time OFDM (BLAST‐OFDM) scheme.