UAVS通信网切换管理方案设计与分析*

针对UAVS通信网中的切换管理问题,提出了融合滞后余量与门限结合的切换判决方法、基于UAV节点自主决策的紧急切换控制策略和GCM-FIFO信道分配方案的切换管理方案.相关理论分析表明,该切换管理方案解决了UAVS通信网中节点高移动性、切换业务量高但信道数有限以及由于中继机节点遭遇威胁而带来的紧急切换等问题.     

基于排队论的UAVS通信网切换方案分析

针对UAVS通信网切换管理中的信道分配问题,提出了保护切换信道与切换呼叫按照先入先出队列排队相结合的方案(GCM-FIFO),利用Markov链对该方案进行了建模,通过数学推导分析了系统的性能,并就等待队列容量对切换性能的影响进行了讨论和仿真.结果表明:通过实施GCM-FIFO方案,UAVS通信网获得了较好的切换性能,而且随着队列容量的增加,切换呼叫失败的概率呈下降趋势,但是当队列容量超过某个值后,切换呼叫失败的概率趋于恒定,因而应根据系统相关参数,利用仿真结果选择合适的队列容量.     

一种新的基于多业务的移动通信系统切换策略

针对目前移动通信系统大部分信道切换策略中新呼叫阻塞率高的问题,提出了一种新的呼叫延迟切换策略,该策略是让即将占用最后一个空闲信道的新呼叫短暂延迟后再占用空闲信道,切换呼叫则直接占用空闲信道,缩短了信道被全部占用的时间,增加了新呼叫和切换呼叫占用信道的机会。该策略同时考虑了数据业务之间的优先级,只有当高优先级数据队列中的数据包为空时,低优先级队列中的数据包才能够占用信道。给出了切换呼叫掉话率、新呼叫阻塞率及数据包掉包率的理论公式。与预留信道策略和可移动边界策略的对比表明,新策略既提高了新呼叫进入系统的概率,又有效降低了切换呼叫的掉话率,同时也减少了高优先级数据的掉包率。     

无线Mesh网络中多射频多信道MAC机制设计

针对无线Mesh网络中多信道分配问题,提出了一种适用于多射频网络的MAC机制MRMC-MAC.整个机制包含节点默认接收信道分配、可切换主信道集分配、节点通信以及可切换主信道集更新4部分.采用一种基于接收负载的分配算法,将接收负载作为信道分配的优先级参数,保证了接收负载重的节点优先分配到负载较小的信道,而接收负载较轻的节点间可以共享同一个默认接收信道,从而平衡了各个信道间的负载.分析了多射频网络中的多信道的隐终端问题并提出了解决方案.仿真结果表明,使用MRMC-MAC协议能够明显地改进MAC层吞吐量、碰撞次数等性能参数.     

基于CSM优先级的CogWMN联合路由与信道分配策略

认知无线Mesh网络(CogWMN)中的节点可以自主切换通信频率。当节点寻找路由和分配信道时,容易出现信道分配的不均衡化。为了提高非授权频段的利用率,发挥多信道并行传输的优势,提出一种在没有全局控制信道条件下的基于信道统计度量(CSM)优先级的联合路由与信道分配策略,以解决信道分配不均衡化问题,使网络内节点能以较少的跳数接入AP。仿真结果表明,所提策略能提高网络吞吐量和减少网络时延。     

异构分层无线网络中基于业务QoS保证的切换策略研究

针对异构分层无线网络提出了一种保证业务QoS的切换策略。该策略在层间呼叫双向溢出基础上,为实时业务切换设置了保护信道,为非实时业务切换设置了缓冲队列。为了进一步降低实时业务切换的掉线率,还使用了信道侵占技术,原理是实时业务切换呼叫可以侵占数据业务正在使用的信道资源。仿真结果表明,提出的切换方法能够显著降低各类切换业务的掉线率,同时整个异构分层系统的信道利用率也略有提高。     

一种多接口多信道VANET动态信道分配算法研究

为了合理地实现多接口多信道车载自组织网络（VANET）车辆节点间通信信道的动态分配,提出了一种基于通信双方车辆节点信道切换队列的动态信道分配算法。定义了车辆节点的射频接口状态,给出了信道的性能因子以及信道切换队列的生成方法,通过综合考虑通信双方车辆节点的射频接口状态和信道切换队列,快速自主地建立通信链路,从而解决了信道公平接入和分配不合理的问题。通过软件仿真比较可以看出,该算法实现了信道的动态分配,减小了平均端到端时延,增加了网络平均吞吐量,显著提高了多接口多信道VANET的网络性能。     

基于部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程的水声传感器网络介质访问控制协议

针对水声传感器网络低带宽、高延迟特性造成的空时不确定性以及网络状态不能充分观察的问题,提出一种基于部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程(POMDP)的水声传感器网络介质访问控制协议.该协议首先将每个传感器节点的链路质量和剩余能量划分为多个离散等级来表达节点的状态信息.此后,接收节点通过信道状态观测和接入动作的历史信息对信道的占用概率进行预测,从而得出发送节点的信道最优调度策略;发送节点按照该策略中的调度序列在各自所分配的时隙内依次与接收节点进行通信,传输数据包.通信完成后,相关节点根据网络转移概率的统计量估计下一个时隙的状态.仿真实验表明,与传统的水声传感器网络介质访问控制协议相比,基于POMDP的介质访问控制协议可以提高数据包传输成功率和网络吞吐量,并且降低网络的能量消耗.     

一种基于TCRA的低轨星座通信系统的强占预留信道策略

在基于时间信道预留算法的基础上,提出了一种改进的低轨星座通信系统信道分配策略——强占预留信道策略。讨论了策略的基本原理,并通过仿真,比较分析了该策略与 TCRA 和固定信道预留策略对系统新呼叫阻塞概率、切换失败概率和服务等级的影响。仿真结果表明,与 TCRA 策略相比,该策略有效降低了新呼叫阻塞,同时为网络提供更好的 QoS 保证。     

微移动协议下全IP无线网络的移动性管理研究

改善移动节点通信质量的移动性管理最有效的方式是IP微移动．它的核心是切换管理．分析微IP协议和IP网络的不足之处．对全IP无线网络的移动性管理最关心的问题进行详细阐述,介绍一种目前主流的区域移动性管理协议PMIPv6．并分析其域内切换移动性管理机制。提出一种优化的基于网络的区域移动性管理域内切换管理方法．并与已形成IETF标准的切换管理方法进行性能分析比较．证明该方法可以有效地减少切换时延和位置更新信令代价．     

LACAV: an energy-efficient channel assignment mechanism for vehicular ad hoc networks

Designing an efficient channel assignment system for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), which conserves energy, is a challenging task, primarily because of the high degrees of mobility of nodes in these networks. As the high mobility of nodes in vehicular networks leads to frequent handoffs, channel assignment in VANETs becomes a tedious task. In this paper, we propose a channel assignment mechanism using the concepts of learning automata (LA) and reusability. LA is used to optimize the performance of the proposed system by selecting suitable number of reserved channels for the handoff calls and reusability allows the channel to be reused by the different base stations (BSs) based on the reuse distance. The proposed system is designed to reduce the dropping probability. The proposed system is suitable for network architectures in which it is possible to arrange the BSs with different groups of channels sequentially in a particular order that helps in conserving energy. Our experiments clearly indicate that the system reduces the dropping probability and allows a continuous communication throughout the duration of the call. The performance of proposed algorithm is compared with the Vehicular Fast Handover Scheme (VFHS), and the Cooperative scheme for service channel reservation (CRaSCH) scheme in terms of handoff latency, and it is shown that the proposed algorithm performs better than VFHS and CRaSCH.     

无人机通信网络路由协议研究

为了实现无人机通信网络中数据的有效和实时传输,在研究现有网络路由协议的基础上,基于Dijkstra算法设计和实现了无人机通信网络链路综合性能最优优先(BILPF)路由选择协议,提出了无人机通信网络中节点之间进行信息交换的节点状态通告协议,并给出了仿真结果。     

A mobility management scheme for wireless mesh networks based on a hybrid routing protocol

Recent advances in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) have overcome the drawbacks of traditional wired networks and wireless ad hoc networks. WMNs will play a leading role in the next generation of networks, and the question of how to provide seamless mobility management for WMNs is the driving force behind the research. The inherent characteristics of WMNs, such as relatively static backbones and highly mobile clients, require new mobility management solutions to be designed and implemented.In this paper, a hybrid routing protocol for forwarding packets is proposed: this involves both link layer routing and network layer routing. Based on the hybrid routing protocol, a mobility management scheme for WMNs is presented. Both intra-domain and inter-domain mobility management have been designed to support seamless roaming in WiFi-based WMNs. During intra-domain handoff, gratuitous ARP messages are used to provide new routing information, thus avoiding re-routing and location update. For inter-domain handoff, redundant tunnels are removed in order to minimize forwarding latency. Comprehensive simulation results illustrate that our scheme has low packet latency, low packet loss ratio and short handoff latency. As a result, real-time applications over 802.11 WMNs such as VoIP can be supported.     

All-IP communication between wireless sensor networks and IPv6 networks based on location information

The paper proposes a scheme on achieving all-IP communication between wireless sensor networks and IPv6 networks based on sensor nodes' location information. The paper proposes the sensor node's IPv6 address structure based on location information, the IPv6-address configuration algorithm based on the proposed IPv6 address structure, the mobility handoff algorithm and the routing algorithm in the link layer. The location information of sensor nodes is utilized to achieve the IPv6-address configuration algorithm and the routing algorithm. In the mobility handoff algorithm, neither does a mobile sensor node need a care-of address during the mobility process, nor is involved in the mobility handoff process. Therefore, a mobile sensor node's power consumption is reduced and the life span is prolonged. The paper analyzes the performances of the proposed scheme and the existing schemes, and the analytical data show that the performance of the proposed scheme is better.     

一种高斯-马尔科夫模型下的车辆位置管理策略

在车载自组网VANET中,节点的高移动性使得网络的拓扑结构频繁变化。随着节点数目的增加,网络的开销迅速增大,直接影响到网络的可扩展性。为此,将位置管理的策略引入VANET网络中,以达到减少网络开销的目的。在高斯-马尔科夫移动模型的基础下,提出了一种新的位置管理策略,实现车辆在低开销下的可靠通信。通过仿真比较,验证其在性能上具有更好的可扩展性。     

Handoff performance analysis of PMIPv6-based distributed mobility management protocol-urban scenario

Mobility management allows the networks to track down a mobile user's location for sending datagrams and to retain the connection when the user changes its location points repeatedly. Whenever a node switches between one base station and another, the connectivity is maintained through a process called handoff management. For real-time traffic implementations in wireless network communications, handover performance is essential. A mobile node is blocked from transmitting and receiving a datagram for a longer time as the handover delay increases. Unacceptable handover delays are common in real-time communication services. To guarantee smooth connectivity and continuous provision of services, effective handoff methods are required. The handoff efficiency of network-based distributed mobility management (DMM) is studied extensively in this article, along with a comparison to PMIPv6. We specifically investigate how handover delay, session recovery, and packet loss are influenced by cell radius. From the analytical and simulation findings this paper concludes that network-based DMM performs better than PMIPv6.     

无线Mesh网在城市轨道交通车地通信系统中的研究

无线Mesh网因组网灵活、支持范围大和移动性强等特点,使其在城市轨道交通(城轨)中具有很好的应用前景。尝试将无线Mesh网技术应用于城轨车地通信系统中,针对车地通信存在的越区切换问题,提出了一种基于车载MMS(mobile Mesh station)位置触发的越区切换方案,利用OPNET对组网方案和切换方案进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,无线Mesh组网方案性能优于传统WLAN组网方案性能,切换方案能有效降低时延并避免了假切换和乒乓切换的发生。     

一种基于移动IP自适应预测切换机制

移动IP切换存在切换延迟大,数据包易丢失的问题。切换时延由移动检测时延和注册时延组成,而移动检测时延在其中占主要部分。该文提出一种自适应主动预测邻居单播的切换机制,采用自适应主动预测算法,根据移动节点运动情况和网络状况等进行综合预测,并通过反馈结果对算法进行动态调整,方案中充分考虑了乒乓效应等特殊情况;还结合层次移动管理方法,减小注册时延,同时采用预测邻居单播,减轻网络负担,实现了快速平滑的切换。