改性活性炭吸附硫化氢性能研究

研究了改性活性炭(7%碳酸钠溶液浸渍)吸附硫化氢(H2S)气体的影响因素.利用改性后的活性炭考察氧含量、反应温度、空速等对活性炭吸附硫化氢的影响.结果表明,在反应条件下低氧含量时活性炭的吸附容量随氧含量增加而增加,但氧含量增加到3.5%后,氧含量对吸附容量的影响越来越小;在20～70℃范围内物理吸附发生主要作用,70～95℃化学吸附占主导作用,随着温度的增加,物理吸附逐渐向化学吸附转化,所以吸附容量先减小后增大;随着空速的增加,改性炭的吸附容量减小;改性后活性炭吸附H2S适宜的操作条件为氧含量2%,温度95℃,空速1000～2000 h-1.     

微波与氧化剂改性活性炭及SO_2吸附实验

采用微波辐照与氧化剂浸泡对椰壳活性炭进行改性研究。通过BET、SEM、FTIR对其表面物理化学性质进行表征。结果表明,微波与氧化改性均能丰富活性炭表面孔隙结构;活性炭改性后表面O—H、C—O、CO等含氧官能团含量增加,微波与K2Cr2O7浸泡共同改性样品的增加最为明显。脱硫实验结果表明,椰壳活性炭改性后,SO2吸附能力明显提高,微波与K2Cr2O7浸泡共同改性效果最佳,在60℃、烟气流量0.4 L/min时吸附量为33.31 mg/g;在烟气流量0.4¹ L/min之间,活性炭的吸附量随烟气流量的增加而减少;在601 L/min之间,活性炭的吸附量随烟气流量的增加而减少;在60¹20℃,随着温度升高,活性炭的初始吸附速率和吸附量均减小。     

MnO-Ag／CaAl2O4乙烯脱氧剂性能

比较了还原温度对MnO/CaAl2O4和MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4乙烯脱氧剂脱氧容量的影响;考察了反应温度、反应压力、乙烯空速、乙烯中氧含量对MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧容量和脱氧后乙烯中残余氧含量的影响以及该脱氧剂重复再生使用时脱氧容量的变化.实验结果表明,MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧剂的还原再生温度比MnO/CaAl2O4低180℃;MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧刺在温度25-150℃,压力0.50～3.0MPa,空速1200～8000h-1反应条件下,可以将乙烯中氧含量从50～1000μL/L几净化至小于0.050μL/L;脱氧容量与反应温度呈正比例关系,在25℃和80℃其脱氧容量分别大于7.0mL氧/g脱氧剂和11.0mL氧/g脱氧剂;MnO-Ag/CaAl2O4脱氧剂能够反复再生使用,不会引起乙烯发生聚合、氧化等副反应.     

微波与氧化剂改性活性炭及SO_2吸附实验

采用微波辐照与氧化剂浸泡对椰壳活性炭进行改性研究。通过BET、SEM、FTIR对其表面物理化学性质进行表征。结果表明,微波与氧化改性均能丰富活性炭表面孔隙结构;活性炭改性后表面O—H、C—O、CO等含氧官能团含量增加,微波与K2Cr2O7浸泡共同改性样品的增加最为明显。脱硫实验结果表明,椰壳活性炭改性后,SO2吸附能力明显提高,微波与K2Cr2O7浸泡共同改性效果最佳,在60℃、烟气流量0.4 L/min时吸附量为33.31 mg/g;在烟气流量0.4~1 L/min之间,活性炭的吸附量随烟气流量的增加而减少;在60~120℃,随着温度升高,活性炭的初始吸附速率和吸附量均减小。     

负载MnO_2改性活性炭工艺对甲醛吸附去除的效能

以煤质颗粒活性炭为原料,先采用浸渍法将KMn O4浸渍在活性炭上,再经热处理制得负载Mn O2活性炭。利用Mn O2的催化氧化和活性炭的吸附强化对甲醛进行去除。结果表明活性炭最佳制备条件:KMn O4浸渍液的浓度为0.079 mol/L、焙烧温度为600℃,负载Mn O2改性活性炭吸附甲醛用Langmuir线性吸附等温方程式描述最为合适。最佳吸附条件:吸附温度为35℃、p H为7。用Na OH溶液进行活性炭再生试验,最经济的再生条件为再生温度60℃、时间6~12 h。     

致孔剂对沥青基活性炭结构性能的影响

梧桐枯叶经过热处理,制备生物炭致孔剂,考察了不同热处理温度所得致孔剂对沥青基活性炭性能结构的影响。通过X-射线衍射、N_2物理吸附等方法对沥青基活性炭进行表征。研究表明,随致孔剂热处理温度以及含量的增高,活性炭的比表面积和碘值先增加后降低,致孔剂热处理温度450℃,含量6%时,沥青基活性炭碘吸附值为915 mg/g,比表面积为980 m²/g,中孔率为43.4%,比未加入生物炭致孔剂时,沥青基活性炭的中孔率提高了25.7%。     

致孔剂对沥青基活性炭结构性能的影响

梧桐枯叶经过热处理,制备生物炭致孔剂,考察了不同热处理温度所得致孔剂对沥青基活性炭性能结构的影响。通过X-射线衍射、N_2物理吸附等方法对沥青基活性炭进行表征。研究表明,随致孔剂热处理温度以及含量的增高,活性炭的比表面积和碘值先增加后降低,致孔剂热处理温度450℃,含量6%时,沥青基活性炭碘吸附值为915 mg/g,比表面积为980 m~2/g,中孔率为43.4%,比未加入生物炭致孔剂时,沥青基活性炭的中孔率提高了25.7%。     

石油焦系活性炭2-甲基噻吩吸附性能研究

以石油焦为原料经高温炭化和水蒸气活化处理制备出石油焦基活性炭,经硝酸氧化处理后,采用静态吸附法测试了2-甲基噻吩在石油焦基活性炭上的吸附性能。研究结果显示,制备的活性炭比表面积高于800 m2·g-1,孔容大于0.45 cm3·g-1,经硝酸处理后比表面积和总孔容有所下降。样品经硝酸处理后,对2-甲基噻吩的饱和吸附量显著增加,硝酸处理40 min得到的活性炭对2-甲基噻吩的饱和吸附量最大。2-甲基噻吩在石油焦基活性炭上的吸附动力学均遵循拟二级动力学模型,饱和吸附量随吸附温度的增加而减小,热力学上表现为放热,熵减且是自发进行的过程。     

活化条件影响γ-Al2O3膜／污泥活性炭吸附脱硫机理

通过分析活化条件对γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭表面孔结构和酸碱性的影响,研究了活化温度和活化时间对γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭吸附脱硫性能影响的机理,探讨提高γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭脱硫性能的活化条件.用BET(BRUNAUER-Emett-Teller)分别对γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的孔结构进行了研究,用化学法研究了γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭表面的酸碱性.结果表明:随着活化温度升高,γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的BET比表面积增大,增强了物理吸附SO2气体的能力,超过600℃,γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的BET比表面积有所减少;碱性官能团的浓度随活化温度升高而显著地增加,有利于酸性气体SO2的化学吸附.随着活化时间的延长,γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的BET比表面积呈递减的变化趋势,碱性官能团呈现先增后减的变化趋势,使得吸附脱硫性能发生了相应的改变.     

氧化改性和热处理联合作用后活性炭吸附六价铬的研究

采用不同浓度硝酸氧化联合热处理的方法对活性炭(AC)进行表面化学改性,并研究了改性之后活性炭的Cr(VI)的吸附性能以及溶液初始浓度、pH、温度和时间等因素对其吸附性能的影响。研究发现,在空气氛围下,经20wt%的沸腾的硝酸溶液氧化3 h,450℃条件下马弗炉热处理2h后活性炭(MAC-20)的Cr(VI)的吸附性能最好,饱和吸附容量为34.89mg·g~(-1),比AC增加了10.77mg·g~(-1)。溶液pH是MAC-20的Cr(VI)吸附性能的主要影响因素,pH=2,MAC-20达到最大吸附值。MAC-20的Cr(VI)吸附规律符合Lagergren准二级反应速率模型,Cr(VI)在MAC-20表面的吸附行为主要以化学吸附为主。     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

典型煤碳燃烧特性研究和数值模拟

本文以三种典型煤的碳燃烧为研究对象，分别采用简单一维沉降燃烧方式和等温加热燃烧方式，实验研究了煤在快速加热条件下，其碳的初期和中，后期燃烧过程。以实验为基础，建立了煤的碳燃烧模型，变工况数值模拟了煤的碳燃烧过程，揭示了煤不同条件下的单颗粒碳燃烧特性。     

己内酰胺水解聚合过程模拟──双官能团酸调节剂与尼龙6组成分布

提出了有双官能团酸相对分子质量调节剂存在时己内酰胺水解聚合过程动力学模型 ,并进行了实验验证 .对不同温度下聚合产物组成和各影响因素对数均聚合度的影响进行了模拟 .结果表明 ,数均聚合度随进料中水、氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂浓度的增加而减小 ,其中水的浓度影响较显著 ,且在考察浓度范围内相对分子质量调节剂浓度 [R]0 ≤ 0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度基本不变 ,而 [R]0 >0 0 0 68mol·kg- 1 时数均聚合度则显著减小 .无氨基己酸及相对分子质量调节剂时数均聚合度亦随水浓度增加而减小 .     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。