基于响应面法的Ti2AlNb基合金工艺参数优化研究

本文采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对Ti2AlNb基合金进行了变形温度为650-850℃、应变速率0.001-1s-1的压缩实验,研究其热变形行为,获得Ti2AlNb基合金最优工艺参数范围。首先分析Ti2AlNb基合金的流变应力曲线,并计算热变形激活能Q、lnZ和功率耗散因子η,从而建立以热变形激活能Q、lnZ和功率耗散因子η的二阶响应面模型,再通过多目标可视化优化得出Ti2AlNb基合金优化后的最佳区域,并结合微观组织图验证。结果表明Ti2AlNb基合金随变形温度升高和应变速率减小流变应力随之减少;建立的响应面模型具有较高精度,可以用于工艺参数的优化与分析;多目标可视化优化结果得出Ti2AlNb基合金优化后的最佳区域是变形温度750-850℃、应变速率0.01-0.03s-1。     

Influence of Reinforcement Parameters and Ageing Time on Mechanical Behavior of Novel Al2024/SiC/Red Mud Composites Using Response Surface Methodology

This study investigates the mechanical behavior of aluminum 2024 matrix composites reinforced with silicon carbide and red mud particles. The hybrid reinforcements were successfully incorporated into the alloy matrix using the stir casting process. An orthogonal array based on Taguchi’s technique was used to acquire experimental data for mechanical properties (hardness and impact energy) of the composites. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and response surface methodology (RSM) techniques were used to evaluate the influence of test parameters (reinforcement ratio, particle size and ageing time). The morphological analysis of the surfaces (fractured during impact tests) was conducted to identify the failure mechanism. Finally, a confirmation experiment was performed to check the adequacy of the developed model. The results indicate that the ageing time is the most effective parameter as far as the hardness of the hybrid composites is concerned. It has also been revealed that red mud wt.% has maximum influence on the impact energy characteristics of the hybrid composites. The study concludes that Al2024/SiC/red mud hybrid composites possess superior mechanical performance in comparison to pure alloy under optimized conditions.     

基于响应面法的钛铝异种金属搅拌摩擦点焊工艺参数优化

为同时满足减轻质量和降低成本的需求,钛/铝复合结构具有很好的应用前景,但由于钛合金与铝合金之间的物化性能差异巨大,采用传统焊接方式很难形成可靠的连接,而搅拌摩擦点焊技术在连接异种金属方面优势明显,目前针对钛/铝合金的搅拌摩擦点焊研究较少.因此采用回填式搅拌摩擦点焊对2 mm厚的TC4钛合金和6061铝合金进行点焊试验,...     

响应面分析法优化锆英粉陶瓷型真空干燥工艺

采用胶态浇注成型技术和真空干燥方法制备表面无裂纹的锆英粉陶瓷铸型.通过统计试验设计的方法对陶瓷型真空干燥进行优化.采用单因素试验,对影响真空干燥工艺的真空度、真空干燥温度、真空干燥时间3因素进行考察.利用Box-Behnken设计对此3个主要因素的最佳水平进行进一步研究.结果表明,在真空度、真空干燥温度和真空干燥时间分别为0.06 MPa、81 ℃和5 h时,陶瓷型铸型的干燥收缩率和强度分别为0.686%和6.39 MPa.     

响应曲面法优化水溶液氯化溶解纯铑粉

利用响应曲面法中心组合设计(CCD)对水溶液氯化溶解纯铑粉的工艺参数进行优化,分别选取反应温度、酸度、时间、氧化剂用量四个主要影响因子,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型。结果表明,铑的溶解率影响因子的显著顺序为:温度>时间>酸度>氧化剂用量,优化后的工艺条件为:反应温度90 min,温度90℃,氧化剂/铑粉质量比6.25,酸度8.7 mol/L,铑粉溶解率的预测值为97.13%,实际值为96.58%,响应曲面法优化模型准确有效。     

Effect of Ball Milling on the Defeat of Few-Layer Graphene and Properties of Copper Matrix Composites

Graphene-reinforced copper composites recently have attracted more attention, since they exhibited excellent mechanical properties and could be used widely in many fields. Few-layer graphene （FLG） and copper powder were mixed by ball milling to produce homogeneous composite powders. Then, FLG-reinforced copper composites （FLG/Cu） were fabricated by spark plasma sintering （SPS） using the composite powders with a FLG volume fraction of 2.4 vol%. The effects of the rotating speed and the time of ball milling were analyzed based on the microstructure evolution and properties of the FLG/Cu composites. Obvious strengthening effect of FLG was found for the composites, and the conductance of the composite reaches 70.4% of IACS. The yield strength of the composite produced by ball milling at a speed of 100 r/rain for 4 h is 376 MPa, which is 2.5 times higher than that of copper and higher than that of copper composite enhanced by 5 vol% CNTs （360 MPa）. The defects produced in FLG with the increase of rotating speed and time could reduce the mechanical and conductive properties of the composites.     

Quantitative Modeling for Corrosion Behavior in Complex Coupled Environment by Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology(RSM) is introduced into corrosion research as a tool to assess the effects of environmental factors and their interactions on corrosion behavior and establish a model for corrosion prediction in complex coupled environment(CCE). In this study, a typical CCE, that is, the corrosion environment of pipelines in gas field is taken as an example. The effects of environmental factors such as chloride concentration, pH value and pressure as well as their interactions on critical pitting temperature(CPT) were evaluated, and a quadratic polynomial model was developed for corrosion prediction by RSM. The results showed that the model was excellent in corrosion prediction with R2= 0.9949. CPT was mostly affected by single environmental factor rather than interaction, and among the whole factors, chloride concentration was the most influential factor of CPT.     

Multiobjective Optimization of Atmospheric Plasma Spray Process Parameters to Deposit Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Coatings Using Response Surface Methodology

Atmospheric plasma spraying is used extensively to make Thermal Barrier Coatings of 7-8% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders. The main problem faced in the manufacture of yttria-stabilized zirconia coatings by the atmospheric plasma spraying process is the selection of the optimum combination of input variables for achieving the required qualities of coating. This problem can be solved by the development of empirical relationships between the process parameters (input power, primary gas flow rate, stand-off distance, powder feed rate, and carrier gas flow rate) and the coating quality characteristics (deposition efficiency, tensile bond strength, lap shear bond strength, porosity, and hardness) through effective and strategic planning and the execution of experiments by response surface methodology. This article highlights the use of response surface methodology by designing a five-factor five-level central composite rotatable design matrix with full replication for planning, conduction, execution, and development of empirical relationships. Further, response surface methodology was used for the selection of optimum process parameters to achieve desired quality of yttria-stabilized zirconia coating deposits.     

Characterization and Tribological Properties of Graphene/Copper Composites Fabricated by Electroless Plating and Powder Metallurgy

Self-lubricating copper matrix composites reinforced with graphene were prepared by electroless plating and powder metallurgy.The morphology and structure of graphene,Cu@graphene powder,and Cu@graphene/Cu composites were characterized and the tribological properties of Cu@graphene/Cu composites were investigated.The X-ray diffraction pattern of Cu@graphene confirms the coexistence of characteristic peaks of both copper and graphene,with a weakened characteristic peak of carbon impurity.The obtained morphology of Cu@graphene reveals that the surface of the graphene is completely covered with a uniform and compact copper layer with lots of copper nanoparticles.Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses show that the oxygen functional groups and defects on the surface of the redox graphene can be reduced through the electroless plating process.The tribological results indicate that the coefficient of friction of Cu@graphene/Cu composites initially decreases and then increases with an increase in Cu@graphene content.The lowest coefficient of friction,which is about 29.47% lower than that of pure Cu,is achieved in the Cu@graphene/Cu composites with 3.0 wt%Cu@graphene.The chemical composition and topography of the wear tracks for Cu@graphene/Cu composites infer that the formation of a well-consolidated graphene-rich lubricious tribolayer at the contact surface and a higher microhardness work together to enhance the tribological performance of Cu@graphene/Cu composites.     

Effect of Chemical Composition on Texture Using Response Surface Methodology

This study explores the effect of annealing temperature and chemical composition on crystallographic texture evolution of commercially pure aluminium alloy sheets using response surface methodology (RSM). The orientation of the crystal structure in Euler space using Bunge notation has been studied to know the behavior of the metal and estimate its volume fraction. The experimental procedure involves texture analysis with respect to annealing temperature and chemical composition in correlation with the results of formability and use of RSM. The effect of important input parameters, namely, annealing temperature and chemical composition (impurities) was used for predicting the numerical models using the volume fraction of texture output from the crystallographic study using Design Expert 8.0.7.1, trial software. Also this study explains the effect of individual chemical components, namely, iron, silicon, and copper in evolution of texture components. The volume fraction of Cube {1 0 0} 〈0 0 1〉, Bs {1 1 0} 〈1 1 2〉, and S {1 2 3} 〈6 3 4〉 components increase, whenever iron and copper content increase and silicon component decreases.     

聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合材料的制备及其对葡萄糖催化性能的研究

采用静电吸附的方法制备出氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒复合物,再利用原味聚合的方法在氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(GO/CuO-NRs)复合物上原味聚合上吡咯单体。通过对复合材料进行XRD、TEM、SEM和FT-IR的表征,说明制备了聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯/氧化铜纳米棒(PPy/GO/CuO-NRs)复合材料,并对复合材料电极催化葡萄糖进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料对葡萄糖有良好的催化性能。     

基于BP神经网络响应曲面的筒形件强力旋压工艺参数优化研究

以BP神经网络为基础构建响应曲面,建立材料参数、筒形件强力旋压工艺参数等和旋压力最大变化值之间的关系,并用粒子群优化算法求解,获得符合优化条件的最优解,从而实现筒形件强力旋压工艺参数的优化。经MARC模拟验证,取得了较好的效果。     

Enhanced Wear Resistance of Ni/h-BN Composites with Graphene Addition Produced by Spark Plasma Sintering

Ni-based self-lubricating composites containing a fixed amount of hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)(5 wt%)and different amounts of graphene(0-1.5 wt%)were prepared by ultrasonic dispersion,high-energy ball milling,and spark plasma sintering.The effects of the graphene content on the physical,mechanical,and wear properties of the Ni/h-BN composites were evaluated.These properties were first enhanced with increasing graphene content,reaching optimal behavior for a graphene content of 1 wt%,and then degraded with further graphene addition.Compared to the pure Ni/h-BN composite,the relative density,hardness,and bending strength of the composite with 1 wt% graphene increased by 2.7%,7.4%,and6.3%,respectively,while the friction coefficient decreased by 56% to 0.31,and a reduction in wear rate by a factor of 5-15 was observed.The mechanism for improving the wear properties of the composite with added graphene was due to the formation of a graphene lubricating film on the worn surface,which increased the load bearing capacity of the surface and enhanced lubrication during wear.     

基于响应曲面法的热熔自攻丝工艺参数优化

为缩短热熔自攻丝工艺的连接时间,以铝合金材料E170和SF36为研究对象,使用响应曲面法(RSM)设计试验,建立了拧紧扭矩、减速阈值、拧紧转速3个工艺参数与热熔自攻丝工艺拧紧阶段时间之间的二阶响应曲面模型。通过分析该模型的二阶响应曲面,得到3个工艺参数对热熔自攻丝工艺拧紧时间的影响规律。采用Minitab的响应优化器对拧紧时间进行最小值优化,得到一组最优参数。对比试验表明:使用优化参数后,接头力学性能基本不受影响,但拧紧时间只有原来的46.6%,优化工艺参数有效。     

Effect of H_2 Reduction Temperature on the Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Copper Matrix Composites

Reduced graphene oxide(RGO) and copper composites(RGO/Cu) were successfully fabricated based on a molecular-level mixing method(MLM). The composite powders were reduced in H2 at 350, 450, and 550 °C and then consolidated by spark plasma sintering(SPS) in order to evaluate the effect of H2 reduction temperature on the properties of the composites. The results indicate that the strengths of the composite decrease with the increase of H2 reduction temperature, while the electrical conductivity reaches its maximum at 450 °C and minimum at 550 °C. Hot rolling could benefit the electrical conductivity. The yield strength of the RGO/Cu composite reduced to 337 MPa at 350 °C. The electrical conductivity of the RGO/Cu composite reduced at 450 °C after hot rolling reaches 60.26% IACS. The properties of the RGO/Cu composites can be designed by adjusting the reduction degree of RGO and by hot rolling.     

基于增强相构型设计的石墨烯/Cu复合材料研究进展

铜基复合材料具有优异的功能特性及力学性能,在电子、电工等领域具有广阔的应用前景.作为一类理想的增强相,石墨烯具有优异的综合性能以及二维结构特征.相比于其他如颗粒增强相、晶须增强相,石墨烯与Cu的性能匹配性更好,同时其在Cu基体中的分布结构具有更强的可设计性,可显著改善铜基复合材料的综合性能,因此利用新工艺实现石墨烯分布构型的调控设计成为当今铜基复合材料研究的热点.本文总结了近年来石墨烯在Cu基体中分布的构型(均匀构型、层状构型以及网络构型)及其相应的制备工艺,讨论了石墨烯构型对于铜基复合材料性能的影响,并展望了石墨烯构型设计的新思路,以及特殊构型石墨烯/Cu复合材料未来的发展趋势以及应用领域.     

石墨烯/铜基复合材料织构表面的摩擦特性

目前针对石墨烯/铜基复合材料的研究主要集中在复合材料的制备工艺对材料性能的影响上,对石墨烯/铜基复合材料表面摩擦特性影响还缺乏深入探究。采用热压烧结法制备石墨烯/铜基复合材料,并利用激光在复合材料表面完成不同尺寸和形态的微织构加工,探究织构化和石墨烯对复合材料表面摩擦特性的影响。测试结果发现：当石墨烯含量为0.5%时,该复合材料存在一个硬度峰值为140 HV_0.1,比铜合金基体的硬度提高了近27%。同时具有凹坑织构的复合材料表面摩擦因数及磨痕宽度随表面织构直径的增加而呈现“下降-上升”趋势,其中凹坑直径为200μm时,各项指标达到最小,摩擦因数为0.377,磨痕宽度为231μm,可以看出合适的织构形状、尺寸以及适当的石墨烯含量使得石墨烯/铜基复合材料在减磨性和耐磨性方面有所提高。将激光表面织构化技术与粉末冶金技术相结合,为改善零部件表面摩擦磨损性能提供了一种新的工艺。     

石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的制备技术及发展

石墨烯由于其独特的二维结构和优异的物化性能,在改善复合材料的力学性能、电学性能和热学性能等方面具有很大的潜力,已成为金属基复合材料较理想的增强体。铜合金具有优异的导电导热性能和良好的延展性,但是其强度较低、不耐磨及高温下易变形的特点阻碍了其应用和发展。因此,结合石墨烯和铜的性能特点,将石墨烯作为增强体添加到铜中,制备性能优异的石墨烯增强铜基复合材料成为目前研究的热点之一。综述了目前石墨烯增强铜基复合材料的制备方法,并对各方法的特点进行了分析比较,提出未来可采用的制备工艺的方向以及在制备过程中面临的问题和挑战,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Mathematical Modeling of Wear Characteristics of 6061 Al-Alloy-SiCp Composite Using Response Surface Methodology

In the light of attractive wear characteristics as well as high strength to weight ratio, extensive research on Al-based Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) have been carried out globally in the last two decades. However, very limited research has been pursued on tribological behavior of Al-based MMC under combined action of rolling and sliding. This study investigates the wear behavior of 6061 Al-alloy/SiC with 10 vol.% SiCp against hardened and tempered AISI 4340 steel under combined rolling-sliding conditions. 2³ factorial design of experiments have been carried out to see the effect of few parameters, i.e., contact stress, speed and duration with respect to wear. The interaction effect has also been studied by 3D graphical contours. A mathematical model is developed using regression analysis technique for prediction of wear behavior of the MMC and adequacy of the model has been validated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) techniques. Finally, the optimization of parameter has also been done using Design Expert software. The results have shown that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective tool for prediction of wear behavior under combined sliding and rolling action. It is also found that the wear of MMC is much lower than hardened; tempered AISI 4340 steel and rolling speed has the maximum influence in wear of both materials under investigation.     

烧结温度对SPS Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料组织结构的影响

以Nb、Si粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术,原位合成Nb／NbsSi,复合材料,研究了烧结温度对材料组织结构的影响。结果表明,Nb／Nb5Si3复合材料的反应SPS烧结存在一个临界烧结温度Tc=1400℃;当烧结温度低于Tc时,合成的材料致密性较低,且存在Nb3Si中间相;当烧结温度高于Tc时,可获得所需的Nb／Nb5Si3复合材料,而且随着烧结温度的提高,Nb颗粒尺寸变小,材料的致密性高达99．59％。